Bulletin of Prydniprovs'ka State Academy of Civil Engeneering and Architecture

4-7

Authors: M. V. Savytskyi, N. Kotov

For last years the necessity of using energy effectiveness of civil and residential buildings has become more actual in accordance with the stable increase in cost of energy suppliers, that’s why it has become the main trend of the development of building industry. The first designs about the reducing heat losses were started in EU in 1970–s. According to the laws of European Parliament all new constructed buildings in as EU must correspond to the level of minimum or zero energy consumption. Besides this the largest part of consumed energy of houses must be received from renewable sources of energy. Some codes were designed in Ukraine, in which the demands for designing buildings considering energy effectiveness of heat–isolated cover of buildings as well as the possibility of using innovations in the sphere of heat losses control. The present codes are also able to analyses the energy effectiveness of building after its construction, in the prosses of maintenance as well as its necessary to design the actions of reducing heat losses, which carry out through enclosing constructions in the result of non–effective heat–insulation and irrational use of heated ventilated air. Nowadays abut 40 % of all producing heat energy is applied for the maintenance of present reserve of accommodation. Using the method of modeling the account of heat losses was performed. There were examined the buildings of different stores considering the variants of constructive parameters such as storing, the store height, the step of columns, windows area according to the limits of codes.

12-18

Authors: V. Volchuk

Problem statement. Exit metallurgical complex of Ukraine on promising markets of Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa initiates production of high–quality products with desired properties and competitive in price indices. Customer requirements for the production of steel products with high levels of quality development and initiates the development of new approaches that in a short time in the factory to carry out their control. Assessment of quality solid metal castings, in particular rolling rolls represents a challenge in their production technology, which is periodic, and multiparameter multicriteria where quality roll influenced by many parameters of technology, and even small changes in some of them can lead to a significant change in their quality. Analyzing of the resent research. Study of the composition, structure and properties of bulk iron castings engaged many scientists. Here we mention the following local scientists over the past 70 years: M. G. Oknov, I. N. Bogachev, A. E. Torticollis, K. P. Bunin, Y. N. Taran–Zhovnir, G. I. Silman, A. A. Zhukov, A. P. Cheylyah, V. Z. Kutsova, I. M. Spiridonova, S. A. Firstov, V. I. Mazur, L. S. Raspberry, T. M. Mironov, S. V. Bobyr and others [1–7]. Analysis of the existing non–destructive testing quality characteristics rolls indicates that currently there is no deterministic method of prediction of their mechanical properties, based on the analysis of causality. Therefore, to date, the use of statistical methods based on the analysis allows research the degree of influence of technology parameters, including chemical composition, to obtain equations for the prediction of mechanical properties. Research objective. Explore the extent to which elements of the chemical composition of the roll marks SPHN SSHHN and their mechanical properties. Conclusions. Implementation of the approach outlined in the article allows to predict the mechanical properties of rolls and brands SPHN, SSHHN factory.

22-27

Authors: L. Bondarenko, V. Bondarenko, G. K. Dyomin, V. Lozovaja

Problem statement.Scientists has long given considerable attention to the resistance with the movements of bodies onthe rolls. The results of their research have already become classics, but this topic is still relevant. Analyzing of the resent research.Coulomb formulated theclassic law of friction bearings. But the physics of the process of rolling resistance was, though not fully disclosed by Hertz in the work «About the contact of elastic bodies». Tabor tried to combine the ideas of Coulomb's theory with the contact deformation of Hertz. Based on their research Tabor proposed dependences of determinations of the coefficients of rolling friction. But these formulas were unsuitable for the calculation of rolling resistance. Research objective. To determine the rolling resistance of platform for boilers depending on the form rollers and mechanical characteristics of the contacting bodies with using friction coefficients of rolling. Conclusions. Design scheme: the platform on which the load that rests on rollers cylindrical shape or rollers like balls, which roll on a horizontal surface. For the movement of the platform with the load it is necessary to put power which is the power of resistance. We got the dependences of the rolling resistance of the rollers' forms and also the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of bodies. We found that the rolling resistance of the corners –balls with the same mechanical and geometrical characteristics on several times greater than the rollers –cylinders. It should be appreciated that increasing the diameters of rollers leads not only to a reduction in the rolling resistance, but also to non–used durabilities of materials. Dependences allow to obtain the rational geometrical parameters of the rollers or rational rolling resistance.

33-40

Authors: D. Ionov

It is impossible to imagine a modern concrete without the use of the latest developments in the field of chemical additives. Supplements are quite effective plasticizing action on the basis of ether polycarboxylates. According to their technical characteristics are superior to existing types of plasticizers. But in addition to the positive and negative factors are present, for example, the high cost. It is known that many modern additives, which are made for concrete mortar and concrete comprise a polyethylene glycol (PEG) [9]. Study of the interaction of polyethyleneglycol with portland cement hydration products (such as portlandite) and establish its influence on the properties of concrete mixtures as well as of hardened concrete. To determine the interactions of polyethylene with mineral binders used model systems were prepared using slaked lime and fly ash. Thus, the introduction of PEG to the concrete mix in the early stages of the hardening process is observed delay hydration, which leads to a decrease in heat dissipation, but in the late stages of curing – noted in portlandite organomineral binding complexes is accompanied by an acceleration process of structure formation and, consequently, increasing the strength of artificial stone. Given the established features of the interaction of PEG with Portland cement hydration products designed concrete mixture should be used for concreting massive structures [11].

45-50

Authors: K. S. Kharchenko

The Dnepropetrovsk region is one of the most industrially–developed regions of Ukraine. One most ecologically dangerous industries of industry of the Dnepropetrovsk region there is metallurgy which includes at itself coke, rental production and other. In the conditions of incessant growth of the ecological contamination it is necessary to have the varied and detailed state information actual aggressive surrounding environment. For ten years the indexes of dioksid nitrogen (fall of acid rains) in atmospheric air of Dnepropetrovsk exceeded maximum possible concentration in 3–4 times. The increase of requirements to operating descriptions of building wares was instrumental in development of a number of new compositions materials. A polymer is the varieties of such materials polymer a cement compositions and polymer – concrete, which are widely used in industrial and civil building. The analysis of the most widespread aggressive environments is conducted. The analysis of destruction processes, that is observed in architectural elements with polymer — concrete, showed that on the sort of influence on polymeric materials all external actions can be divided into two kinds. To the first belong action of water and some other liquid environments which draw in a polymer he circulating adsorption lowering of durability. Actions which cause irreversible destruction processes belong to the second. Influencing of aggressive environment that draws irreversible destruction processes in polymeric materials, it is possible to divide into three basic groups which draws: – dissolution of polymer by different solvents; – acceleration of formation of free radicals and atoms; – chemical cooperation with aggressive products, related to destruction of molecules of polymer. Classifying, on characteristic actions, all variety of aggressive environments and shells processes of polymer — concrete elements and constructions which are exploited at action of external aggressive environments, we can select four basic types of destruction of polymer — concrete. In practice not always there is destruction fully certain type, but in most cases it is possible to select prevailing action of destruction. Diminishing of intensity or stopping of all types of destruction consists in the correct choice of polymeric astringent, most proof to action of concrete aggressive environments and receipt of maximally possible closeness of polymer — concrete for the decline of diffusive permeability of aggressive environments in a depth material. Classification of destruction of polymer — concrete on four basic kinds is instrumental not only in more correct choice of type of polymer — concrete depending on external environments, to more rational approach at development of new compositions of polymer — concrete.

55-60

Authors: O. Hrystya

Introduction. Individual style — a manifestation of the aggregate of essential features special talent in a particular author or work throughout his work. However, not every author, even professional, has «his» style that is so, for how accurately vhaduvalosya to its authorship. Research prose Dnieper Seagull shows that it is inherent idiostyle, which is the result of hard work over the word conscious. Urgency. Problem linguistic–stylistic analysis of literary text ranks in recent decades a special place in the philological science and has attracted the attention of linguists. Linguistics as a science of linguistic–stylistic features of a work of art owes its birth L. Shcherba that not only outlined the problem itself, but also revealed the reasons for its occurrence. The scientist said that the linguistic analysis of a work of art must show the linguistic means by which expresses the ideological and the associated emotional content of a literary work. In their quests Linguostylistic scientific study of all submitted samples language means operating in verbal structure of artistic work tissue [16]. The article is an overview of the types of lexical folkloryzmiv in the works Dnieper Seagull as an important component styletvirnoho individual art practices writer. Research. A work of art, in our opinion, has the artistic text zahalnotekstovi features: structural and semantic unity, ordering linguistic units and components, communicative orientation. But, unlike any other, and it has aesthetic value, artistic contains information which is the highest degree of freedom of the author's language, that language style copyright. Renowned linguist A. Ponomarev remarked: «The language style — a combination of drugs, the choice of which is predetermined meaning, purpose and nature of the statement» [12]. Conclusion: folkloryzm is an important component of organic idiostyle Dnieper Seagull. The elegance of the art technology writer — the result of conscious deep research and creative study of folklore. Most characteristic manifestations of folklore works Dnieper Seagull at the lexical level is constant repetitions and epithets.