Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies

175-201

Authors: Hilman Latief

This paper investigates the growing initiatives within the private sector to organize social welfare activities, and analyzes the way in which zakat (alms) is practiced among Muslim businessmen. The establishment of zakat agencies within private companies has marked the latest trend of the practice of philanthropy in Indonesia. Corporation-based zakat collectors have become new players in the rapid growth of the Indonesia’s zakat sector in the past two decades. This paper examines the following issues: what are the main forces stimulating corporations to set up zakat collectors; what kinds of religious ideas are applied to mobilize charities from Muslim workers, and how these concepts are interpreted and practiced within private companies? This paper argues that the inception of a new concept in zakat practice, such as zakat on corporate wealth, has indicated the dynamics process of Islamization of the private sector in Indonesia.

223-266

Authors: Agus Salim

It has been proven that the different findings in examining Javanese religious life are led by the differences in terms of academic approaches. It includes the ways some key terms are perceived and elaborated. The term ‘Islam’ is defined in its wide sense by one and its narrow sense by the other. The popular rite of Slametan is also elaborated its different aspects by different authors, one leading to Islam and the other leading to animism. The notion of mysticism and mystical practices are also employed to refer to something different, one referring to Sufi tradition, and the other referring to authentic Javanese mystical practices. In addition, authors’ perspectives matter. Particular understanding of some notions applied from the beginning of the observation has been guided the attention to particular aspects of religious life. Certain understanding about Islam has made one author emphasize more on the aspects of Islam, rather than different religious tradition. On the other hand, an empty-assumption-like autor to conduct observation on religious life of Javanese has been easily fallen to the dominant view of previous examination on the field. Those factors may lead to using different sort of data. If a single religious tradition like Islam is considered, the useful resources are textual, since they tell much about the general development of the tradition. However, while no single religious tradition is considered more important than others, one may find that ethnographical account is the best way to see what kind of religious traditions exist and how the traditions are perceived and practiced. Lastly, as the leading notion and the subsequent sort of data used are different, the aspects of a religious tradition are emphasized differently, one the great and the other the little tradition. Therefore, the awareness -that ‘there is subjective involvement in the process of knowing’ is confirmed in this thesis. It has been proven by the fact that different findings of the same field research are caused by the ways researchers approach the problem. In fact, they have different approaches.

291-328

Authors: Ali Mabrook

This paper intends to initiate a serious step towards a critical investigation of the discourse of absolutism. This paper suggests that this discourse finds its most profound roots in the dogmatic system of the Ash’arites. Taking for granted that this system is not only theological, the thesis argues that it was vulnerably usable for ideological and political purposes. The analysis particularly focuses on tracing the deep structure of the Ash’arite system that regulates some specific issues in a hope to touch some of its ideological functions.

1-30

Authors: Nina Mariani

This article examines conflicts and violence experienced by Ahmadiyah community in Indonesia after reformasi era. In spite of diversities among Muslims in Indonesia, Ahmadiyah (Jemaat Ahmadiyah Indonesia) has been experiencing some forms of violence both from other Muslims and government. The number of violence has risen dramatically after the issuing second fatwa from Majelis Ulama Indonesia in 2005 and the Joint Ministerial Decree (SKB) on Ahmadiyah. Those forms of violence are issuing decree on banning Ahmadiyah, sealing the mosques and banning of doing religious activities, and mobbing the mosques and houses,including killing. Furthermore, this paper argues that Indonesia’s goverment does not take its responsibility to protect its people particularly from minorities groups,even some local governments also do violence towards Ahmadiyah community.

73-95

Authors: Izza Rahman

This study seeks to shed light on how a celebrated interpretive approach to the Quran considered to be most objective is taken by interpreters from different theological settings. It takes a closer look at how the principle of tafsir al-Qur’an bi al-Qur’an(interpretation of the Quran by the Quran) is employed by al-Shanqiti in his Adwa’ al-Bayan and al-Tabataba’i in his al-Mizan, taking their interpretation of ahl al-baytas a main case in point. Noticing how their differences in this issue can be associated with their respective Sunni and Shi‘i backgrounds, this study finds a number of areas where both modern exegetes – and other exegetes most likely – might be influenced by any creeping theological preference in their pursuit of objectivity and openness to the text.

121-148

Authors: Ridwan al-Makassary

This paper discusses Islamic teaching practices and perceptions of mosque stakeholders concerning the ideological issues of: a democratic system of government versus formal implementation of Islamic sharia; gender equality; jihad, and pluralism in the Jakarta office mosques. After describing the research findings, the paper concludes that the phenomenon of neo-fundamentalism (in Olivier Roy’s words) is growing and developing in office mosques. This can be seen in the dominance of literal and scripturalist Islamic interpretations, the importance given to implementing Islamic sharia and the rejection of democracy, a hatred of Jews and Christians and the emergence of Muslim youth actors in Islamic neo-fundamentalism. Other findings concern the influence of the Tarbiyah movement, an offshoot of the Ikhwanul Muslimin (Muslim Brotherhood), which is being felt in the office mosques studied. Learning about Islamist understandings will allow us to check its development, which may destroy the friendly, peaceful face of Islam.