Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicological Studies

1-18

Authors: Rambir Singh

The history of sexual medicine and management of male sexual dysfunction (MSD) is as old as human civilization. The modern life styles and environmental conditions have increased prevalence of MSD with age. To address this problem a number of therapeutic strategies including the use of medicinal plants have been advocated for management of MSD.Large numbers of research papers regarding aphrodisiac activity of medicinal plants have been published in past few years. This review compiles data on the potential aphrodisiac activity of medicinal plants possessing effective dose of less than equal to 200 mg/kgbw or equivalent. The toxicity studies and phytochemical data available for the active extract or active plant part have also been incorporated in this review.Data regarding plant part, dose, animal model, compounds isolated and mechanism of aphrodiasic activity was tabulated.Medicinal plants possess an untapped source of aphrodisiac molecules. The review identified that Bryonia laciniosa, Caesalpinia benthamiana, Ferula harmonis, Montanoa tementosa, Syzygium aromaticum, Turnera aphrodisiaca, Spilanthes acmella, Turnera aphrodisiaca, Turnera diffusa, and Tribulus terrestris plants possess potential aphrodisiac activity. The safety in long term usage and low cost may be added advantage associated with use of herbal aphrodisiacs

1-6

Authors: Mirza Atif Beg

Pharmaco-epidemiological studies in allergic skin conditions are very few. To analyzeand assess, common allergic skin conditions and drug prescribing patterns to increase the rational prescribing.Prescriptions of 450 patients attending dermatology OPD of SGRRIM&HS, Dehradun were evaluated, for common skin conditions and drug utilization pattern for 6 monthsfrom January 2013 to June 2013using WHO drug use indicators.A total of 450 prescriptions were analyzed, male: female ratio was 1:1.09, mean age of the patients 30.29±1.24yrs, 380 (84.45%) belongs to middle socio-economic group and 103 (22.89%) patients had h/o allergic diseases. Disease pattern observed in this study were contact dermatitis 203 (45.11%), urticaria 147 (32.67%), atopic dermatitis 100 (22.22%) respectively. Total 1255 drugs were used, oral formulations 680 (54.18%), topical 575 (45.82%), FDCs (fixed dose combination) 466 (37.13%), 2.79 drugs/prescription were prescribed. Antihistaminic 234 (34.41%) were most commonly used oral drug, 466 (81.04%), topical drugs were prescribed mostly as combination of steroids, antifungal and antibiotics. Antifungals 45 (41.28%) were the most frequent single topical preparations used. All the drugs were prescribed by brand names. Though, dose/strength for topical drugs was inadequately mentioned but chances of error were negligible as the brand had availability in single dose/strength in pharmacy. It is the need of the time, prescribers should be made aware of the demerits of irrational prescribing and they should be cautious and vigilant whenever prescribing FDCs

1-8

Authors: Mishra Pankaj

In the substituted Cinnoline Imidazole series, the compounds which are halogen mainly Chloro Substituted were showed potent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal activity than other compounds. However Methyl substituted compound also showedmore potent antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory activity

1-6

Authors: Anisha Prasad

Hyperglycemia, ahallmark of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM),is responsible for hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress andvarious diabetic related complications. Management aims at minimizingdiabetic complications by maintaining near euglycemia.Neonatal Wistar Rats (n = 70, 4-5 days old) were divided into seven groups. All groups except Group I controlswere fed aHigh Fat Diet (HFD)–40% of calories as fat. Group III, IV and Vwere injected single intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ)(40mg/kg) to induceT2DM.Group IVand VIwere supplemented with 4μg/kgof Chromium Histidinate (CrHis) whereas Group V and VII received 8μg/kg ofCrHisBW/d for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks the effectof CrHis on glucose, serum lipid and MDAwereinvestigated.Serumglucose showed mildhyperglycemia in Group II and III compared to Group I controlratsand also elevation of insulinlevelsin Group IIrats. Group VIIratsonadministration of 8 μg CrHis,showed significant decrease in serum glucosevalues ascompared to Group VIratson 4 μg CrHis. Triglyceride (TG)rich lipoproteins were significantly lowered in Group IIratson HFD compared to Group I Controls(p<0.05). Group V and VII rats on 8 μg CrHis showed lower levelsof TG and Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)compared to Group IV and VIrats on 4μg CrHis (p<0.05).The plasma MDA level was elevated in the stress induced rats in Group II and III but normalized to baseline when CrHis was administered.CrHiscontrols hyperglycemia, improveslipid profile and reduces oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes model in rats.