Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicological Studies

1-12

Authors: S Miltonprabu

Fluoride (Fl) is a naturally occurring electro negative compound which is classified as potent toxicant and human carcinogen. Erythrocytes are very expedient model to understand the susceptibility of oxidative stress on membrane induced by different xenobiotics. Fladministration (25mg/kg/BW) significantly increased the percentage of hemolysis, lipid peroxidation markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD), protein carbonyls contents (PC), and altered haematological parameters, with decreased antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX),glutathione-s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). The levels of non-enzymic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin ̳C‘ and vitamin ̳E‘) and membrane bound ATPases (Na+/K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase) were also decreased in F treated rats. Pre oral administration of EGCG (40mg/k/BW) along with Flfor 28 days significantly reduced the levels of TBARS, CD and PC with significantly increased membrane ATPases, membrane integrity, viability, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the RBC‘s of Fl treated rats. In conclusion, the results clearly indicate that EGCG significantly attenuated the Fl induced haematotoxicity in rats

1-12

Authors: Sanaa A. Ali

β-alanyl-L-histidine, an endogenous histidine-containing dipeptide, protects protein from oxidation and glycation, which may contribute to a potential treatment forsome conformational diseases including cataract. The effectof hypercholesterolemia in rabbits was tested on serum protein fractions, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, total protein and glucose levels. The work was extended to estimate certain hepatic enzymes; glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), glycogen phosphorylase (GPH), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glycogen content. The corrective action of β-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine) and fluvastatin were also evaluated. Twenty five adult male Newzeland rabbits were selected for this study. The animals were divided into five groups. Group 1 served as normal healthy control, group 2; hypercholesterolemic animals (fed on standard rabbit’s chow with 1% cholesterol for 12 weeks), group 3; high carnosine dose (50 mg/Kg b. wt.) treated animals, group 4; low carnosine dose ( 25 mg/Kg b. wt.) treated ones and group 5; fluvastatin (2mg/kg b.wt.) treated group. Treatment started at the last six weeks of cholesterol feeding. Hypercholesterolemic rabbits recorded drastic changes in all parameters under investigation. β-alanyl-L-histidine has been demonstrated to provide protection against oxidative damage with respect to fluvastatin. β-alanyl-L-histidine and fluvastatin recorded an enhancement level in major parameters, where high carnosine dose recorded the most potent effect.

1-14

Authors: Ramu Ravirala

To investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of hydro-alcoholicextract of Echinochloa frumentacea Linkgrains in alloxan induced diabetic rat.A single dose study was studied in the normal rats for 12hrs. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in normal rats after receiving glucose orally (2g/kg) and in diabetes induced rats after receiving glucose orally (3g/kg). Diabetes was induced by ALX (120mg/kg, i.p.) three different doses of HAEF (200, 400 and 600mg/kg, p.o.) of HAEF were administered orally to experimental diabetic induced rats treatment for 21 days. Glibenclamide (5mg/kg p.o.) was used as reference standard. Fasting blood glucose levels, changes in body weight and organ weight, serum albumin, urea, total protein, creatinine, total lipid profile, haemoglobin, GSH, SOD and TBARS were evaluated. Finally histopathological examination of pancreas was performed.Single dose study of HAEF on normal rats showed a significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose levels when compared with the normal control rats. Oral glucose tolerance test clearly indicate that 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg p.o. of HAEF shown a significant decrease in the blood glucose levels. Whereas, 200mg/kg p.o showed little effect. Oral glucose tolerance test in ALX induced diabetic rats 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg p.o. of HAEF shown a significant decrease in the blood glucose levels.. In diabetic rats, treatment with the 400, and 600mg/kg, p.o. showing significant reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels. A significant escalation was seen in the levels of HDL-C, haemoglobin, body weight and organ weights. Whereas, the anti-oxidant levels TBARS, GSH and SOD levels wereimproved than the untreated diabetic rats. HAEF have shown significant In-vivoantioxidant property andhypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity.

1-3

Authors: C Velmurugan

The present study was investigated to establish the diuretic activity of methanolic extract of albizia lebbeck in ratsusing metabolic cages. The extract was administered toexperimental rats orally at dose of 200 and 400mg/kg and Frusemide (20 mg/kg) was used as standard. The parameters evaluated for diuretic activity were urine volume, concentration of sodium, potassium and chloride ions. The rats treated with methanolic extract of albizia lebbeckrevealed significant increase in the volume of urine, urinary concentration of Na+, K+and Cl-when compared to control group. Hence the plant has proved as diuretic.

1-6

Authors: N Sri Sainadh

To study the antitumor effect of Kigelia africana. Antitumor activity of methanolic extracts of 100, 200 mg/kg of Kigelia Africanaleaves was evaluated against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor in mice. Acute and short-term toxicity studies were performed initially in order to ascertain the safety of methanolic extracts of Kigelia Africana. After 12 days of tumor inoculation, the extract was administered daily for 30 days. The effect of methanolic extracts of Kigelia Africanaon the growth of tumor, life span of EAC bearing hosts and simultaneous alterations in the haematological profile and histopathological profile were estimated. The methanolic extracts of Kigelia africanashowed decrease in tumor size, average bodyweight, mean survival time thereby increasing life span of EAC tumor bearing mice. Haematological profile reverted to more or less normal levels in extracts treated mice. Histopathology has minimal effects when compared but a significant variation is seen

1-7

Authors: Sudhir C Kulkarni

Dalbergialatifoliais commonly called as “Beete and sitsal”. In the present study the cerebroprotective effect of methanolic extract of bark of Dalbergialatifolia(DL) was carried out against the global model of ischemia in rats. The animals were pre-treated with DL for a period of 1week (500 mg/kg) p.o. The animals were anaesthetized with thiopentone sodium (45mg/kg) and infarction was induced by Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCCAO) for 30 mins with the help of suture threads, the knots were released with the help of slip knots. The animals were allowed to re-perfuse for a period of 48 Hrs. Then the animals were sacrificed brain was decapitated. Biochemical estimations for SOD, CAT, MPO & MDA and histological examinations were carried out.