Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

366 - 373

Authors: Francisco José Carvalho Moreira, Beatriz de Abreu Araújo, Vanádia Farias da Silva, Neyreane de Sousa Luna, Ozeládia Parente Araújo, Roberto Davi dos Santos Braga

The continuous use of pesticides promotes rapid and effective reduction of pests, however, this practice entails the pests the possibility of developing resistance by subjecting the farmer to change product constantly increase the dose or even mix or use more toxic products. Being Cosmopolites sordidus one beetle nocturnal that affect the banana tree because their larvae open galleries in its rhizome and lower pseudostem, resulting in decline, overturning and death of the plant. In view of this and the population's awareness of this problem, the greater has been the participation of organic agriculture in food supply. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of two entomopathogenic fungi in control of C. sordidus in banana cultivation. The trial was held in lot E-104, the Irrigated Perimeter of Baixo Acaraú, in Marco, Ceará state. The statistical design was completely randomized, in factorial 2 x 5, two fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metharizium anisopliae) in five concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g L-1 ), 5 repetitions each. We evaluated the number of insects for bait in each evaluation and the total number of captured insects. It was found that the fungus B. bassiana was more effective in controlling C. sordidus. It was also observed that the higher concentrations of 10, 15 and 20 g L-1 were more effective. We conclude that the biological control with B. bassiana can be used, as is shown adapted to climatic conditions in the study area.

379 - 384

Authors: Anderson Wasilewski, Raimundo Pinheiro Neto, Reny Adilmar Prestes Lopes, Gisiane July Ströher, Fabrício Leite

In studies concerning the use, as an fuel for agricultural tractors, of the mixture of diesel with vegetable oil, it must be verified the economic viability regarding its use as renewable fuels and the performance of agricultural machinery in the field. Therefore, it was evaluated the economic viability and performance of an agricultural tractor, fueled with diesel fuel and the diesel mixture with sunflower oil. The assay was conducted at the Universidade Estadual de Maringá Experimental Farm, in Maringá Paraná, Brazil. It was used an MF 275 agricultural tractor, coupled to a horizontal straw chopper. It was used B S10 diesel (100%) and a mixture of diesel (80%) with sunflower oil (20%). The mechanized set was subjected to three travel speeds (3.00; 4.00; 5.00 km h-1 ) into two workload conditions, with load (CC) and without load (SC). It was used the experimental design in strips, with four replications, in a factorial scheme 2 x 3 x 2. The data was submitted to the tests (variance analyses) F and Tukey at the level of 5% of probability. The engine consumption did not differ between the tested fuels. The tractor with load presented a higher wheel slip. The tractor fueled with the diesel mixture with sunflower oil had a higher cost per hour.

392 - 396

Authors: Thamires da Silva Araujo, Adriano da Silva Almeida, Fernando Silva Araújo, Antônio Hosmylton Carvalho Ferreira, Thamires da Pascoa Pinto

The aim of this work was to evaluate the production and the quality of fertirrigated cherry tomatoes with pisciculture wastewater with and without probiotics. The experiment was conducted in pots, under ambient conditions protected by 50% sombrite. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates, the experimental unit consisting of thirty-two plants. Four water slides were tested: water; water from fish farms without the use of probiotics; water with probiotic and probiotic pisciculture wastewater. Probiotic addition was performed every 48 hours, with 0,5 g of probiotic containing at least 5x109 billion colony forming units per viable gram for every 8 L of water, each plant receiving 1 L of water manually in the morning. The soil used in the experiment to fill the vessels was classified as a NEOSOLO QUARTZARENIC dystrophic sandy texture caatinga stage, mixed with organic compound. The results showed that there was no difference between treatments for yield, number of fruits, fruit weight and pH. The treatment of water with probiotic was the one that presented lower acidity and better relation SST / ATT. The reuse of fish water with and without addition of the probiotic for fertirrigation of the cherry tomato crop did not interfere in the fruit production.

404 - 500

Authors: Aristoteles Capone, Alex Sandro Dario, Raimundo Wagner Souza Aguiar, Rodrigo Ribeiro Fidelis, Helio Bandeira Barros

Soy in human food has several health benefits, but finds resistance to its consumption by the western ones due to the flavor caused by the lipoxygenases enzymes. The objective of this study was to select soybean TN (Triple Null) hybrids in a population of the fourth self-fertilization cycle (F4) using techniques that use molecular markers. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Federal University of Tocantins Campus Gurupi - TO. Hybridizations between soybean progenitors adapted to Tocantins and TN were performed. Obtained the F1 population in the greenhouse, F2, F3 and F4 were planted in the field, in the F4 generation was selection of superior hybrid for DNA analysis in order to identify hybrids with the trait complete absence of Lox2 and 3. We selected one hundred seventy-one hybrid, made up of DNA extraction and PCR of all. It was concluded that the highest percentage of TN hybrids was obtained at the intersection BRSMG 790A (TN) X GB874. Lox2 and Lox3 amplification primers confirmed as an essential tool in a soybean breeding program for human consumption. We selected 34 TN hybrids with the desired agronomic characteristics.

508 - 511

Authors: Ubieli Alves Araújo Vasconcelos, Caciana Cavalcanti Costa, Marcela Nobre Oliveira, José Wilson da Silva Barbosa, Anderson Barbosa de Medeiros, Thiago Galvão Sobrinho

A lettuce is one of the most important commercial and consumer stories in the world. This species presents a great response to organic fertilization, being one of the sources of the most pharmacological organic fertilizers in the country's agriculture region, and in the region of the Paraíba hinterland, mainly sheep. The use of adequate spacing and determinant for the production of the product can express its productive potential in the different production systems. With the objective of evaluating the development of the surface in relation to different spacings and the application of doses of sheep manure in subsequent cycles, two experiments were generated during the period from October 2012 to February 2013, in the experimental area of the Federal University of Campina Grande, located in the municipality of Pombal, Paraíba. In each experiment of the current treatments: three spacings (0.20 x 0.20, 0.20 x 0.25, 0.25 x 0.25 m) and four doses of sheep manure (0, 20, 40 and 60 t ha-1). A randomized complete block design was used, with a factorial arrangement of 3 x 4, with three cultivation spaces and four doses of sheep manure, with four replications. The largest treatments that received 60 t ha-1. The largest treatments that received 60 t ha-1.

518 - 523

Authors: Jessica Nepomuceno Patriota, Antonio Carlos Batista, Eduardo Ganassoli, Micael Moreira Santos, Maria Cristina Bueno Coelho, Marcos Giongo

Tocantins is one of the Brazilian states most affected by forest fires, which are the largest remnants of the country's Cerrado. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the Fire Occurrence Records (ROIs) in the state of Tocantins between 2003 and 2015 through the information provided by INPE and SisFogo. The work was divided into three stages: the first consists in the acquisition the images of the satellite AQUA and the fire occurrence records (ROI's), the second comprises the processing of data on satellite images and fire occurrence records through a spreadsheet and the third consists in carrying out the relevant statistics the information collected. The results showed that the amount of heat sources is above the fire occurrence records available through Sisfogo. Of the 139 municipalities in the state, only 14 municipalities were filled with their reports and stored on site. The farms were the sites with higher occurrences of fires in the municipalities and the cause with the highest frequency of fire occurrences were "agricultural activities". The information on hot spots, obtained from satellite imagery, can contribute positively to a better understanding of spatial and temporal dynamics of occurrence of forest fires. In the State of Tocantins, the municipalities: Formoso do Araguaia, Confusion Lagoon, Mateiros and Pium are the ones that presented the highest averages of occurrences of heat sources in the last 12 years. Compared with SisFogo information, these municipalities are also the ones that presented the highest numbers of Fire Occurrence Reports.

530 - 534

Authors: Marcia Mayara de Sousa, Daniele Campos Martins, Elania Clementino Fernandes, Antonia Débora Camila de Lima Ferreira, Elton Lucio Araujo

The state of Ceará is one of the main producers and exporters of tropical fruits in Brazil. However, the farmers have some problems related with the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), because these tefritids cause damages to the fruits and the simple presence of some species makes difficult the export of fruits in natura. In the state of Ceará, information about fruit flies and their hosts in fruit producing regions are scarce, such as in the region of Baixo Jaguaribe. This region is located in the Brazilian semiarid and is composed of ten municipalities, among them the municipality of Quixeré. Therefore, the objective of this study was to know the species of fruit flies, their hosts and respective infestation index, in different places of the municipality of Quixeré. For this, fruits were randomly collected in different fruit trees (native and exotic), in the rural and urban area of Quixeré. The collected fruits were transported to the laboratory, where they were counted, weighed and stored in plastic trays on a layer of vermiculite. After seven days, the vermiculite was sieved and the pupae obtained were stored in plastic containers until the emergence of adults. Fruits of 22 species were sampled and only five were infested by fruit flies. The species obtained were Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). Guava Psidium guajava L. was the fruit that presented the highest rates of infestation.

540 - 546

Authors: Luana Muniz de Oliveira, Marília Hortência Batista Silva Rodrigue, Marinês Pereira Bomfim, Valéria Fernandes de Oliveira Sousa, Rodolfo Wagner de Paiva Trigueiro, Edinete Nunes de Melo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-harvest behavior of „paluma‟ guava fruits stored at refrigerated temperature at 12ºC and under different concentrations of edible manioc starch based coatings. The fruits were obtained from a commercial orchard located in the community of Várzeas in the municipality of Sousa Paraíba, being transported to the Food Technology Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal campus, where the experiment was carried out in subdivide plots in a factorial scheme (0, 1, 2, and 3% cassava starch), and six storage times (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days). The mass loss analyzes were performed; shell coloring; firmness of the fruit; pH; titratable acidity; soluble solids; soluble solids ratio and titratable acidity, ascorbic acid. Under the conditions of the experiment, the fruits stored under refrigeration had a shelf life of 15 days. The manioc starch associated with refrigeration delayed fruit ripening, especially in fruits coated with 2% cassava starch, providing a better appearance and conservation, making the fruit more attractive visually.

552 - 555

Authors: Ana Marinho do Nascimento, Franciscleudo Bezerra da Costa, Jéssica Leite da Silva, Chintia Rodrigues de Araújo, Anderson dos Santos Formiga

Pepper Capsicum annuum L., belongs to the Solanaceae family, which contains approximately 31 species. Bioactive compounds also known as phytochemicals are chemical and biochemical components that are present in most fruits and vegetables. The objective of the present study was to verify if the bioactive compounds of the green pepper remain after being submitted to the drying process. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 5 replicates. Green peppers were used from the (Economic Center of Supply Corporation) of the city of Patos, Paraíba. The peppers were packed in plastic boxes and transported to the Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Food Analysis of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus Pombal. Where they were selected, washed and sanitized. After that, the minimum processing was done and the drying was carried out in a circulation oven at 60 ºC. At the end of the drying, the samples were crushed and sieved. After this process, the analyzes of ascorbic acid, chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanin flavonoids and phenolic compounds. It was found that there was a significant difference between treatments. The bioactive properties of green pepper were not lost after the heat treatment. Some phytochemicals as ascorbic acid, carotenoids and phenolic compounds were concentrated. Therefore the loss of water during the drying process increased the concentration of the bioactive compounds of dehydrated pepper, the product obtained with this method exhibited high levels of phytochemicals, the use of drying may be an alternative to prolong the shelf life of the vegetable.

562 - 567

Authors: Thamirys Lorranne Santos Lima, Rerisson do Nascimento Alves, Mônica Tejo Cavalcanti, Thayse Cavalcante da Rocha, Mônica Correia Gonçalves

The production of cheeses from goat's milk comes up as an alternative to value added to dairy goat in the Cariri Paraíba, and cumaru (Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith), more specifically, its coarser, may be added to cheeses for the purpose of Sensory characteristics of different color, flavor and aroma. The present study aimed to standardize the process of elaboration of goat milk cheese seasoned with cumaru, in an agroindustry located in the city of Santo André - PB. The cumaru flour was submitted to the analysis of alcoholic extract, moisture, ash, insoluble ash, water activity and standardization of particle size. The microbiological quality of the farina was verified through the analysis of total and long term coliforms and Salmonella sp. The elaborated cheeses were evaluated for their chemical and microbiological composition. After the standardization of the steps of obtaining the farina and cheese, it was possible to obtain a product with microbiological quality within the sanitary standards required by Brazilian legislation. The moisture and fat tenor are in accordance with the Technical Regulation on the Identity and Quality of Dairy Products, and the values found for the other parameters corroborate with those recommended in the literature. Therefore, the results obtained demonstrate the potential for increased consumption and the feasibility of cheese production.

574 - 579

Authors: Silmara Bispo dos Santos, Marcio Aredes Martins, Angélica de Cássia de Oliveira Carneiro

This study aimed to evaluate the energetic use potential of co-products from chain of Jatropha biodiesel production. For this, the higher heating value and immediate analysis (volatile matter, ash and fixed carbon content) were determined for epicarp samples (shell), cake from the press extraction process, and the bran from the solvent extraction process. Co-products of the biodiesel production chain from Jatropha under shells, cake, and bran form have energetic characteristics that make possible its use for energy production for used in different processes. The oil content has an effect on the calorific value of jatropha co-products. The higher the residual oil content in the pie or bran, the greater the energy potential. The peas, the pie and the bran presented calorific power similar to eucalyptus wood and sugarcane bagasse. The last one is widely used in cogeneration systems in the sugar-alcohol industry and can be used directly or compacted in the generation of heat for processes both in the processing industry and in the field. The pie (obtained by mechanical pressing) was the co-product that presented better conditions for direct burning when compared to the other evaluated materials.

590 - 595

Authors: Raquel Leão Santos, Daniel Santiago Pereira, Sebastião Ribeiro Xavier Júnior, Giorgio Cristino Venturieri

The genus Dalbergia L.f. (Leguminosae-papilionoideae), with pan tropical distribution which comprises about 250 species. Dalbergia have been widely exploted for the production of red propolis, which consists of a complex mixture made by the bees from the red and balsamic resinous material found in the meristematic tissue in many plant species of this genus. The objective of this work is to survey the occurrence of the bee exuberant beehive flora that can be used by Africanized bees to produce red bee propolis in the state of Pará. Thus, the research aimed to carry out the survey in several herbaria that had species of Dalbergia L.f. producers of red exudate in the state of Pará, together with their distribution. Therefore, specific literatures on morphology and taxonomy were consulted involving Dalbergia species producers of red exudate located in Pará. The data collection was obtained from the online platform SpeciesLink; from the IAN (Instituto Agronômico do Norte) herbarium collection of EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental. The distribution map was elaborated using the software QGIS together with collection data from the species. 204 records were found deposited in 21 herbariums, of which 175 belong to the species Dalbergia monetaria and 29 to Dalbergia ecastaphyllum. Analyzing the collection data, it was noticed that the species were collected in 44 municipalities of the state of Pará, in which Belém and Bragança presented more records. From the survey carried out, it was noticed the predominance of Dalbergia monetaria in the records, showing that it is a species that has potential to be explored; In addition, the work still promotes botanical studies and taxonomic revisions involving the target species of the present study.

602 - 606

Authors: José Mário Lopes da Rocha, Antonio Clementino dos Santos, Danilo Gomes de Oliveira, Otacilio Silveira Júnior, Elisson Gomes da Silva, Caio Leonardo Silva Ferreira

Brazil presents, characteristics that can make of its territory, the world's great barn for the production of cultivated fish organisms. However, for this it is fundamental to study the physical and chemical parameters of the water in the growing areas, so that strategies can be sought to avoid handling errors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial dynamics of the physical and chemical parameters of fish pond water and their relationship of dependence. The study was carried out in a nursery excavated on natural land, located on a property, adjacent to the experimental farm of the Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science School, Federal University of Tocantins, in the municipality of Araguaína. The points for collection on the grid were obtained by GPS, considering the size of the total area. In each georeferenced point samplings were performed in two different depths, one 20 cm from the tank bottom (depth first) and the other at 20 cm from the water surface (depth 2) totaling 108 samples. There was major variation between depths for most variables. Descriptive statistics was observed moderate variation coefficient only for dissolved oxygen. In the analysis of semivariograms, only the variable electrical conductivity showed pure nugget effect. spatial dependence was found between the variables at both depths. The mesh used was effective in showing the spatial distribution of physical - chemical parameters: dissolved oxygen, water temperature and pH, but it was not useful for electrical conductivity, given its low spatial variability. The physical and chemical parameters of the water of the fish ponds are influenced by the management practices, being easily detected through the isoline maps.

612 - 616

Authors: Antonia Gorete Galdino, Maria Ferreira Costa, Felipe Thomaz Camara, Wíctor Állyson Rodrigues, Pedro Vinícius Silva

The development of techniques that provide greater productivity is needed to meet the growing demand for organic. Therefore the objective of the present work was to evaluate the productivity of cherry tomatoes due to the use of mulching, limestone and bovine manure in the organic system. The research was carried out at the Center of Agrarian Sciences and Biodiversity (CCAB) of the Federal University of Cariri, Crato-Ceará. The length and diameter of the fruits, the number of fruits per plant, the mass per fruit, the fruit mass per plant and the productivity were evaluated. The results showed a positive effect of the use of limestone to raise base saturation to 80%, while mulching did not have a significant effect. Regarding organic fertilization with bovine manure, a linear response up to the dose of 5 L per pit, with increasing values of productivity. It was concluded that the use of limestone and bovine manure benefited the development and productivity of cherry tomatoes, while the use of mulching did not improve crop performance.

622 - 628

Authors: Marcos Roberto Pires Gregolin, Graciela Caroline Gregolin, Caroline Monique Tietz Soares, Adriana Maria de Grandi

The sustainability of family farming properties goes through several stages, and can refer to the diversification of crops and agro-industrialization of primary products as two of them. To the extent that the farmer gets only deliver primary production to another agent in the production chain, it happens to come across challenges and barriers that previously did not know. Cooperatives of farmers present as an efficient alternative to assist producers in overcoming these difficulties. In this context it has been the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as tools and applications to creatively face one of the main bottlenecks of family agroindustrialization: marketing. The objective of this study was to contextualize the limits and potential of the use of ICT in organizational management, marketing, communication and marketing in a cooperative. Therefore, there was a case study of exploratory and qualitative, through participant observation and semi-structured questionnaire. The cooperative in question was using ICTs aiming perform tasks of daily life in a fast and effective way. However, the cooperative agribusinesses, there was a greater fragility of farmers, especially the dependence of children for the use of ICT, lack of commitment, dedication and habit. The managers of the cooperative have endeavored to improve the use of ICT as well as to expand the use of these tools by their members, despite the difficulties faced, aiming not only better organization, but also reduced costs and increased marketing of the products.