Journal of ETA Maritime Science

289-290

Authors: Selçuk NAS

We are pleased to introduce JEMS 6(4) to our valuable followers. There are valuable and endeavored studies in this issue of the journal. We hope that these studies will contribute to the maritime industry. I would like to mention my gratitude to authors who sent their valuable studies for this issue, to our reviewers, to our editorial board, to our section editors, to our foreign language editors who provide quality publications by following our publication policies diligently and also to layout editors who spent great efforts in the preparation of this issue. Your Sincerely

307-318

Authors: Duygu YILDIRIM PEKŞEN , Güler ALKAN

The International Maritime Organization, the European Union Council and the US government force ship owners to take necessary measures through international conventions and national legislation to minimize ship-based emissions which damage to the environment and has reached a serious level. Thus, ship operators began to turn towards alternative technologies and fuels that reduce emissions to ensure the maritime trade smoothly. On the other hand, some port operators has started to supply alternative maritime power (AMP) which is electricity from city grid line to the ships at the berth. It is a fact that AMP is one of the best emission reduction alternative technologies for ships during berthing period. This kind of ports providing AMP will be compulsory choice for many ship operators who still use fossil fuel-powered engines in their ships and cannot meet the emission limit requirements at ports, also these ports will contribute to the environmental protection. In this study, AMP application will be examined for the Ege Ports in Kuşadası. Purpose of the study is to calculate the amount of emissions and external costs and to compare with marine gas oil (MGO) when the AMP system is applied to a port. According to comparison of AMP technology with MGO (0.1%S); total air pollutant is reduced by 94% via decreasing SO2 23%, NOx 97%, PM 88%, CO 99%, VOC 64%. On the other hand, it is estimated that total released greenhouse gases are minimized by 41% via decreasing CO2 41%, N2O 85% and CH4 81%. Finally, total emission reduction was about 43%. The economic and environmental benefits to the port hinterland and its country has been estimated by finding external cost. Total externality cost of MGO for human health, ecosystem quality and climate change was found as about Euro 3 million while Euro 0,4 million occured from AMP

333-347

Authors: Serkan KAHRAMAN , Yusuf ZORBA

Durumsal farkındalık, genel anlamda; hayatın her aşamasında etrafında neler olup bittiğinin farkında olup, algılanan bilgilerin o anda ve yakın geleceğe yansıtmak şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Çıkış alanı ilk olarak askeri havacılıkta olmuş, son 10 yıl içinde ise sivil havacılık, hava ve deniz trafik operatörleri, nükleer santraller, açık deniz sondaj çalışanları gibi operatör / kullanıcı temel merkezli; bilgisayar - yarı bilgisayar kaynaklı ve / veya amaca yönelik yardımcı sistemlerin kullanıldığı, karar vermenin ön planda olduğu alanlarda uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, denizcilik endüstrisinin içinde bulunan liman kılavuzluk hizmetlerinde gemi kaptanları ve kılavuz kaptanların durumsal farkındalık analizi SAGAT yöntemiyle simülatör ortamında analiz edilmeye çalışılmış ve sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar doğrultusunda durumsal farkındalık kavramının teknik seyir hizmetleri kalitesini arttıran öneriler de sunulmuştur

365-378

Authors: Bayram Bilge SAĞLAM, Çimen KARATAŞ ÇETİN

The rising importance of port-port user relations is a result of widening roles that ports play within the global supply chains and the increasing impact of these relations on the overall performance of the supply chains. In the governance of these relations, both contractual governance and relational governance play the role and the balance between these two governance mechanisms shapes the characteristics and the quality of the relationship. Focusing on the container terminal-liner shipping agency relations in Aliaga as multiple cases, this study aims to investigate how governance mechanisms are handled in the port industry and how the interplay between these two mechanisms occurs. In accordance with this purpose, interviews are conducted with both representatives of the container terminals and representatives of liner shipping agencies in order to reveal the governance dynamics of said relations. The results reveal that relational governance plays an important role in constituting trust and commitment in between parties. On the other hand, the tendency to rely on contractual governance is found out to be mainly related to the organizational culture of the parties, but relatively limited because of the intense competition in the region.

179-180

Authors: Selçuk NAS

We are pleased to introduce JEMS 6(3) to our valuable followers. There are valuable and endeavored studies in this issue of the journal. We hope that these studies will contribute to the maritime industry. I would like to mention my gratitude to authors who sent their valuable studies for this issue, to our reviewers, to our editorial board, to our section editors, to our foreign language editors who provide quality publications by following our publication policies diligently and also to layout editors who spent great efforts in the preparation of this issue. Your Sincerely.

199-214

Authors: Burak ZİNCİR, Cengiz DENİZ

Global regulations about shipboard emissions become stricter day by day. There are various ways to reduce shipboard emissions, and using alternative fuels on main engine and auxiliary engines is one of these ways. The alternative fuels can have different physicochemical properties than conventional fuels, which needs special procedures and safety precautions while using onboard. Safety is important term for sustainable shipping. This study aimed to determine the safety ranking of the trend alternative fuels and possible ones in the future. A safety evaluation method was formed to assess fourteen alternative fuels by considering handling, storage and crew health. Flashpoint, auto-ignition, explosion limits, flame speed, density, and exposure limit are criteria for the safety evaluation. Analytic Hierarchy Process was used while finding the weighing of the alternative fuels at these criteria. Scale of relative importance was used to find the pair-wise comparison of the fuels. The criteria weighing were determined by taking expert opinions. Seven experts gave points to the criteria at the asked questionnaire. The questionairre was about; which fuel property is more important at the storage, handling, and operation with the fuels. According to the final safety assessment results, liquefied petroleum gas had the highest weighing of 0,130. Ethanol and ammonia followed it with 0,120 and 0,116, respectively. Liquefied natural gas and methanol, as trend alternative fuels with liquefied natural gas for shipping industry, got 0,084 and 0,053, respectively.

229-242

Authors: Esra BARAN, Gamze ARABELEN

In the globalization and severe competitive environment, especially service organizations in maritime industry can survive only if they offer better services via their employees. High-performance of employees can lead them to organizational success and improve their competitiveness. So as service providers, the employees’ satisfaction and motivations become more important in service organizations. This paper aims to measure the job satisfaction level of employees in liner ship agencies operating in İzmir. In addition, whether the job satisfaction levels differ according to demographic characteristics is investigated. In order to reach the aim of the research, as a quantitative research method, the survey method has been used. Collected data have been analyzed by SPSS 20.0 and Amos software programs. The research findings have revealed that the less satisfied items are compensation and advancement, and the more satisfied items are job security and co-worker items. And also, some differences have been observed between demographic characteristics of respondents and their job satisfaction. This research is thought to have a contribution to liner shipping sector and the literature related to the subject.

255-274

Authors: Gül DENKTAŞ ŞAKAR, Esra YILDIRIM, Ezgi MANSUROĞLU

Project cargo logistics, with its idiosyncratic logistics processes and transportation of large, heavy and high-value cargoes, is a developing industry in Turkey. Value creation for project cargo transportation plays a critical role in gaining competitiveness in such a unique industry. Hence, the duties of related parties, the main value creation enablers, value creation outcomes and the barriers restricting such value creation should be explored. This paper sets out to provide an understanding on value creation concept of project cargo logistics. Its purpose is to identify the critical enablers of value creation as well as the main outcomes of value creation. An exploratory Delphi study with two rounds is employed. Key enablers include the partner-related and project cargo logistics operations-related dimensions. Critical outcomes have been classified as operational efficiency, service effectiveness and technology adoption/innovation. Findings can assist both operators and governmental bodies in aligning their services and procedures within the value creation perspective.

83-84

Authors: Selçuk NAS

We are pleased to introduce JEMS 6(2) to our valuable followers. There are valuable and endeavored studies in this issue of the journal. We hope that these studies will contribute to the maritime industry. I would like to mention my gratitude to authors who sent their valuable studies for this issue, to our reviewers, to our editorial board, to our section editors, to our foreign language editors who provide quality publications by following our publication policies diligently and also to layout editors who spent great efforts in the preparation of this issue.

93-102

Authors: Murat ÖZKÖK, Dursun SARAL

Bu çalışmada, Karadeniz tipi bir balıkçı teknesinin üretim süreci detaylı olarak incelenmiş ve SİMİO simülasyon tabanında bir modeli oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan bu model ile Karadeniz tipi balıkçı teknesinin üretim süresi belirlenmiştir. Sonra, tekne imalatında çalışma saatleri değiştirilmek suretiyle teknenin imalat süresi belirlenmiş ve bu şekilde çalışma saatlerinin tekne üretim süresine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çalışma süresindeki her artışın tekne üretim süresini etkilemediği gözlemlenmiş ve çalışma saatlerindeki düzenli artışların Karadeniz tipi teknenin üretim süresi üzerine etkileri sayısal olarak ortaya konulmuştur.

119-128

Authors: Veysi BAŞHAN, Hakan DEMİREL

All the electrical demand of ship are provided by diesel generators (DG). Failure of generators due to breakdown can lead to the blackout of the ship which may suddenly cause serious damage to ship’s main and/or auxiliary engines, human health and marine environment or any structure at ship’s route. Thus, the planned maintenance and repairs of the generators must be done properly without any deficiency or delay. And even then, since the generators run continuously failures may often occur. In this context, this paper provides a DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method to evaluate the critical operational faults in marine DGs. The DEMATEL method enables to identify and analyze the important faults of marine DG within the respect to the cause-effect relationship diagram. The obtained results of the research will contribute to ship safety at sea and prevention of hazardous machinery effects.

141-157

Authors: Selçuk ÇEBİ, Esra İLBAHAR

Tersanelerde yapılan üretim ağır sanayi üretimi olarak değerlendirilmektedir ve gemi üretiminin büyük bir bölümü, hâlihazırda proje tipi üretim olarak devam etmektedir. Çalışma ortamında yürütülen iş aktiviteleri ve çalışma ortam koşulları dikkate alındığında tersaneler en riskli sektörlerin arasında yer almaktadır. Tersanelerde yaşanan iş kazaları ve bu kazaların sonucunda ödenen maddi ve fiziki bedeller dikkate alındığında, tersanelerin hemen önlem alınması gereken riskli iş kollarından biri olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, tersanelerde meydana gelen iş kazalarının ve meslek hastalıklarının analizi ve ilgili risklerin azaltılması için bulanık küme, kural tabanlı çıkarım mekanizması, analitik hiyerarşi süreci ve papyon tekniklerini içeren entegre bir risk değerlendirme yöntemi önerilmiştir. Papyon yöntemi iş kazalarına neden olan mesleki risklerin analizi için literatürde kullanımı yaygın olarak tercih edilen bir tekniktir. Metot, riskin ortaya çıkmasına neden olan temel faktörlerin ve risk gerçekleştiğinde yol açacağı sonuçların analiz edilmesi için kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda literatürden farklı olarak, papyon tekniği bulanık çıkarım mekanizmasıyla birleştirilmiştir. Bir kaza gerçekleştiğinde birbirinden farklı çeşitli olumsuz durumun ortaya çıkma ihtimali vardır ve bu ihtimallerden yalnızca biri gerçekleşir. Ancak, mevcut yöntemlerde risk derecesi belirlenirken yalnızca en olası sonucun şiddeti dikkate alınır. Önerilen yöntemde ise mevcut yöntemlerden farklı olarak, şiddet tüm olumsuz sonuçların gerçekleşme ihtimallerinin bir bileşkesi olarak dikkate alınarak risk derecesi belirlenir. Böylece, geliştirilen yöntem yardımıyla tanımlanan mesleki riskler tüm olası sonuçlar dikkate alınarak derecelendirilir. Önerilen yöntemin uygulaması bir tersanede yürütülen gemi inşa faaliyetlerine uygulanmış, üretim sürecindeki iş aktivitelerinin riskleri değerlendirilmiş, faaliyetlere ilişkin risk dereceleri belirlenerek sıralanmış ve risk azaltma için alınması gereken önlem tedbirleri tanımlanmıştır.

1-2

Authors: Selçuk NAS

We are pleased to introduce JEMS 6(1) to our valuable followers. There are valuable and endeavored studies in this issue of the journal. We hope that these studies will contribute to the maritime industry. I would like to express my gratitude to authors who sent their valuable studies for this issue, to our reviewers, to our editorial board, to our section editors, to our foreign language editors who provide quality publications by following our publication policies diligently and also to layout editors who spent great efforts in the preparation of this issue.

17-25

Authors: Ömer SAVAŞ, Hüseyin ELÇİÇEK, Zafer AYDIN

Yapılan çalışmada, içten yanmalı motorlarda yağlayıcı tipi, kirletici cinsi, kirletici oranı, yük, devir ve sıcaklık parametrelerinin segman-silindir gömleği çifti arasındaki sürtünme katsayısı üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Silindir gömleği yüzey durumu iki seviyeli olarak, diğer parametreler ise üç seviyeli olarak seçilmiştir. Deneylerde içten yanmalı dizel motor segman-silindir gömleği mekanizmasına benzer deney düzeneği kullanılmıştır. Sürtünme katsayısı ölçümleri üç eksenli bir kuvvet sensörü yardımıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada L18 ortogonal Taguchi istatiksel yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Tüm varyasyonlar dikkate alındığında 8748 deney yapılması gerekirken, deney sayısı Taguchi yöntemi ile 18’e düşürülmüştür. Taguchi yönteminin yanı sıra parametrelerin etkinliklerini belirleyebilmek amacıyla varyans analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda segman-silindir gömleği arasında yağlayıcıya yakıt karışımının sürtünme katsayısı üzerinde önemli etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

37-46

Authors: Bayram Bilge SAĞLAM, Abdullah AÇIK, Egemen ERTÜRK

Highly competitive nature of port business environment puts heavy pressure on port operators on performance related issues. In order to be competitive, after all the other strategic moves are exhausted, what is left is to improve the performance of a port by means of increasing the number of vessels calling the port. One way to achieve this goal is to minimize the time spent at port for each vessel. Using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to evaluate its efficiency, this paper analyzes a port which made investments in order to improve this issue with berthing time difference (BTD) as the output. The results show that DEA method can be a valuable tool for port operators in evaluating the efficiency of their investments.

61-74

Authors: Aylin ÇALIŞKAN, Soner ESMER

While social media has been penetrating the daily lives of individuals, the businesses have started to develop new strategical approaches for using social media tools, since they understand the importance of this new area. This study aims to take a step on the gap about social media marketing in the port industry. The focused sample is container ports located in Turkey, but to gain more meaningful insights, a comparison is also made with the ports of Los Angeles, Rotterdam, and Antwerp. The post set on Facebook, which covers the 8 months’ period, was analyzed through a social media analytics software, and the most attractive topics and engagement levels were determined. It was found that the most attractive posts of ports with high engagement levels do not include any statement, image, or video about port service, infrastructure and superstructure, investments, or success stories. At the end of the study, suggestions are developed by supporting with real cases for ports’ social media management.