Rybohospodars'ka nauka Ukrayiny (Fisheries Science of Ukraine)

5-14

Authors: O. Marenkov, V. Kurchenko

Purpose. To conduct histomorphological analysis of the Prussian carp eggs under the conditions of Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir. Methods. The research was carried out at two observation stations located in the Samara Bay and the lower part of the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) Reservoir. The catches were carried out by standard gill nets with 30-120 mm mesh sizes. The object of the study was Prussian carp. The biological analysis of fish was carried out in accordance with the classical methods in ichthyology. For studying the fertility of fish, ovaries from females were taken at the stage IV of maturity. The stage of gonad maturity was determined visually. Individual absolute fertility was determined by the weighting method. To study the reproductive potential and features of fish reproduction, ovaries were taken from females at different stages of maturity. Samples were preserved in Bouin solution and further processed according to generally accepted histological methods. For the preparation of sections, a "Thermo scientific microm HM 325" microtome was used. The sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and by Mallory method. Images of preparations were made using a "Sciencelab T500 5.17M" digital camera, connected to a "MICromed XS-2610" microscope. During the description of the periods and phases of growth and development of gonads, stages of ovarian maturity, we used standard ichthyological definitions and terms. Statistical processing was carried out using the STATISTICA 6.0 software. Findings. The structure of the oocytes of Prussian carp is similar to that of common carp: they do not have a fatty drop, there is a wide radially-shaped membrane and a micropyle. The Prussian carp is characterized by asynchronous trophoplasmic growth of oocytes and intermittent spawning. It has been determined that if the spawning is intermittent, the first portion of eggs contained about 60% of all eggs, and the second and subsequent portions the remaining 40%. The absolute fertility of the Prussian carp ranged from 10.51 to 189.95 thousand eggs. The average fertility index in all age groups was 80.28 ± 16.55 thousand eggs. In spawning population, the proportion of females was 55%, males – 45%. The yield to the fishery from eggs was 0.005%. Scientific novelty. For the first time histomorphological analysis of Prussian carps under the conditions of Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir was conducted. Practical significance. The study of fish gonads has a significant applied importance for resolving the issues of commercial fishery and ecological monitoring.

26-48

Authors: N. Kolesnyk, M. Simon, O. Marenkov, T. Sharamok

Purpose. To analyze a selection of professional literature and summarize the information on the vermiculture of the Red Californian earthworm (Eisenia foetida andrei). To present the achievements of modern biotechnology of this species. To consider the features of different cultivation methods, as well as the possibilities and prospects of its use as a food item in aquaculture. Results. This work contains brief information on the biology and artificial selection of this species of lower invertebrates, its use in fish farming, as well as in other branches of the national economy. Currently, the market presents several hybrids of this species, adapted to local climatic conditions. This is the reason to consider the features of the production characteristics of hybrids of the Red Californian earth worm from different countries. The article provides recommendations on the specificity of procurement of the breeding culture, optimal methods of further cultivation depending on the needs of the farms, the main requirements for the substrate and feed, as well as methods for assessing the quality of the obtained biomass. Data on the amino acid composition of flour made of the Red Californian earthworm are given, its fodder value in comparison with traditional feeds for fish, and the specifics of feeding various species of fish. The work presents a method for preparation of starter feed for carp fish using technology developed by Yevtushenko M. Yu. An overview of scientific studies has revealed that the Red Californian earthworm is optimally used not only as a valuable high protein feed for multi-aged fish groups, but also for the production of organic fertilizers – biocompost. The latter was widespread not only in crop production, but also in the recultivation of different soils. Practical significance. The summarized information will be useful for researchers who are exploring ways to optimize fish feeding. The presented technology of cultivating red Californian earthworms is most palatable for fish farms of different types of aquaculture. Obtaining biocompost as a valuable by-product of vermiculture provides an opportunity for their integrated development and obtaining additional profit

57-67

Authors: O. Baturevych, O. Deren, G. Kachai

Purpose. To perform a comparative analysis of the effect of saponite flour and analcime added to the basic diet of age-2 carp on physiological-biochemical parameters of fish organism. Methodology. Aquaculture, ichtyological, and statistical methods were used for the study. The object of the study were age-2 carp. The weight content of protein was determined by Kjeldahl method, the fat content – by S.V. Rushkovskiy method in a Soxhlets extraction apparatus. Quantitative determination of metal concentrations in pond fish tissues were determined by direct absorption of the solution into propane-butane-air flame with the aid of atomic absorption spectrophotometer S-115-M1 in the laboratory of the Institute of Fisheries. Findings. Studies on the determination of meat nutritional value and heavy metal concentrations in age-2 carp muscles have been performed. Addition of 3% saponite flour and analcime to carp diet during the entire rearing period resulted in an increase in age-2 carp average weight by 12.1% and 9.7%, fish productivity – by 11.9% and 9.9% compared to the control. Feeding of fish with a feed mixture supplemented with analcime contributed to an increase in protein content in carp muscles by 7.5% and fat – by 22.5%. At the same time, supplementation of the diet with saponite flour resulted in an increase in fat content by 16%. Feeding of fish with saponite flour and analcime resulted in a decrease in the contents of lead in fish muscles by 77.7% and 78.7%, cadmium – by 1.3 and 2.4 times compared to the control. Originality. Minerals of volcanic origin, saponite flour and analcime, were added to age-2 carp diet for the first time. Their effect of productive parameters, food value of fish meat and its chemical composition were determined taking into account sorption and ion exchange properties. Practical value. The results of the work are the basis for planning rational feeding of age-2 carp and increasing the productivity of ponds.

79-101

Authors: Ir. Hrytsyniak, T. Shvets

Purpose. Forming a thematic bibliographic list of publications on studies of low-temperature preservation of sexual cells of various fish families and species and creating gene banks in order to preserve the genetic diversity of endangered fish species populations. Methods. Complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core have been formed with the publications exclusively in Ukrainian and Russian from the fund of scientific library of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS of Ukraine. Findings. There was composed a thematic list of publications with a total quantity of 150 sources covering a time interval from 1979 to 2017, and including the questions on the history of the development and study of the current state of cryopreservation of fish sexual cells, its biological preconditions, methods and ways of their improvement, problems of the implementation of cryobiology achievements in fish farming. In addition, the list includes publications related to the creation and use of cryobanks as a way of preserving the fish gene pool. The literary sources are arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style — international standard of references. Practical value. The list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose area of ​​interests covers the questions of using of cryo-technologies to reserve the genetic diversity of endangered fish species and increase the efficience of fishieries.