Caspian Journal of Dental Research

8-17

Authors: Mina Motallebnejad *, Kataayoun Mottaghi , Shervin Mehdizade , Farshid Alaeddini , Ali Bijani

Introduction: As the oral health related quality of life has been important in many dental patients GOHAI is an acceptable tool, preparing its Persian version can be useful in oral health research among Persian populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian version of General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Methods: Translation was performed using the forward-backward process. The final Persian version was then tested through an interview and test-retest to evaluate its comprehensibility and reliability. A sample of 150 subjects (20-65 years old) was requested to answer the GOHAI items prior to a clinical examination. Data on the subjects’ socio-demographic characteristics and self-rating report of oral health, general health and dental care needs were recorded. Internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach’s α. Interview and test-retest reliability was evaluated by weighted kappa. Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing GOHAI scores and self-rated measures of oral health, general health and perceived dental care needs. Discriminant validity was tested by comparing GOHAI scores with clinical oral condition. Results: The mean GOHAI score was 46.78±7.85. Cronbach’s α (0.78) showed a high internal consistency and homogeneity between items. Weighted kappa coefficient for the interview varied from 0.60 to 0.96 and was between 0.33 and 0.64 for test-retest. Bland-Altman plot displayed a good agreement between the two GOHAI scores for both the interview and test-retest. There was no significant relationship between GOHAI scores and self-rating oral health (p=0.090), but there was a relationship between self-rating general health and mean GOHAI scores (p=0.047). Also, the low GOHAI scores were associated with the perceived dental care needs (p=0.001). There was an opposite correlation between GOHAI scores and caries and missing teeth (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The Persian version of the GOHAI exhibits acceptable reliability and validity, so it can be used widely throughout the Persian communities.

25-31

Authors: Ehsan Moudi , Sina Haghanifar , Hoora Hadian *, Ali Bijani , Mirmahmood Safinia , Nika Bahemmat

Introduction: The measurement precision of jaw is important for surgery or installing implants. Preimplant radiographs are important part of clinical evaluations before implant surgery. For choosing location, we should consider the important anatomical structures like mental foramen, inferior alveolar canal, nasal cavity and maxillary sinus.It is important to know the measurement accuracy of radiographic techniques. The purpose of this study was to compare mandibular vertical linear measurement in panoramic and tomography images. Methods: Three forms of mandible from dry adult human skulls were used in this study (triangle, square and ellipse). For each mandible, surgical stent was made using transparent with gold standard.acryl. A thin tube was placed in the stents in three regions (incisors, premolars and molars) to set gutta-percha. Then, the panoramic view and conventional tomography were obtained. Four oral and maxillofacial radiologists measured the vertical dimension in panoramic and conventional tomography. Finally, each mandible was sectioned in the marked sections and was measured by a digital caliper (gold standard) and compared with conventional tomography and panoramic view .The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS18 software and student t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and non parametric Mann-Whitney Test. Results: The mean difference between the panoramic and gold standard linear vertical dimension values in premolar and molar regions was above 1mm and above 2mm in incisor region. The mean difference between conventional tomography and gold standard measurements in all three regions was 1mm. Conclusions: The linear measurement of vertical dimension in conventional tomography was more precise than panoramic. The use of a 2.0 mm safety margin in the evaluation of implant sites was recommended.In incisor area, the other radiography methods like CBCT was suggested.

39-45

Authors: Maryam Seyedmajidi *, Parand Keshavarzi , Ali Bijani , Reza Faraji , Neda Babaee

Introduction Cigarette smoking has been recognized to be a risk factor for progression of periodontal disease. Due to less inflammation and bleeding in the presence of clinical signs of periodontal disease in smokers than in nonsmokers and given the conflicting results of studies on changes in the epithelium and gingival connective tissue by smoking, this study was performed to evaluate the thickness and keratosis on the epithelium of free and sulcular gingival tissue in smokers and nonsmokers patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis. Methods: In this cross sectional study, biopsies were obtained from palatal gingival of 60 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis (30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers). These biopsies were histologically processed, serially sectioned at 5 microns, stained with H. E. and examined by image analysis software (analysis-SL-starter), which was used to perform the morphometric evaluation of the outer and inner epithelial thickness, keratosis and vascularity in connective tissue. The data were analyzed with SPSS 17, t-test, Mann-Whitney Test, and Pearson correlation. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Histopathological examination showed significant association between smoking and CAL (p=0.048), keratosis on outer epithelium (p=0.020) and mean of thickness of outer (p=0.023) and inner (p<0.001) marginal gingival epithelium but gingival vascular density in nonsmokers was more than smokers (p=0.002). Collagenized connective tissue was observed in smokers more than nonsmokers. (p>0.001) Conclusions: It seems that the reduction of the clinical signs of inflammation in the gingival tissue of smokers is due to changes in gingival epithelium and connective tissue from smoking.

53-60

Authors: Effat Khodadadi , Mina Motallebnejad *, Mehnoosh Alizadeh

Introduction: The quality of life is defined as the individual's sense of well-being and their satisfaction with daily work as influenced by dental and oral conditions. Oral diseases are very common and have impacts on the different aspects of individual's life and can change their social performances roles, in other words, they can change the quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluae the impact of oral problems on quality of life in adults who referred to Babol Faculty of Dentistry during 2009-2011. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed using a non-randomized sampling method. In this study, 500 patients who referred to Babol Faculty of Dentistry age 20-50 years were selected. Then all the questions in OIDP (Oral Impact on Daily Performance) questionnaire which were translated into persian from english were asked and completed. These questions are valuable and reliable for Iranians based on the previous studies. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results: According to this study, oral problems have effected on (80.6%) of the patients’ quality of life. Gender, occupation, level of education and general health have impacted on OIDP score changes. There were significant differences in gender, occupation and level of education. In this study, the general and oral health conditions scores showed a significant association with OIDP score. Most of the patients’ complaint was about eating (64.4%), but going outside and shopping were the least (10%). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, tooth pain was the most oral and dental problem and tooth shape and size were the least effective on the oral health related quality of life. This shows that the most needed treatment are tooth restoration، root canal therapy and surgical treatment for pain relief.