AMERICAN RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

Number 2, 2015

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Sports Participation and Social Personality Variable of Students in Secondary Schools in Central Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria

Authors: Edim, M.E , Ekuri, P. K., Odok, E.A

Abstract

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Number of views: 560

The main thrust of this study was to investigate sports participation and social personality variable of students in secondary schools in Central Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of this study, one hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. Literature review was carried out according to the variable of the study. Survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of five hundred (500) respondents was randomly selected for the study. The selection was done through the simple random sampling technique. The questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The reliability estimate of the instrument was established through the Cronbach Alpha reliability method. Independent t-test analysis was employed to test the hypothesis under study. The hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that, there is a significant difference in the physical variables of secondary school students who participate and those who do not participate in sports. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that students should endeavor to take home the crusade of sports participation to further foster their interpersonal relationship with others around their neighborhood and community and again, the physical education teachers who are the custodians of sports in these schools, should make sure that every student takes active part in sports during training sessions.

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Audits, Audit Quality and Signaling Mechanisms: Concentrated Ownership Structures

Authors: Marianne Ojo

Abstract

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Number of views: 504

Do jurisdictions with concentrated ownership structures require less reliance on audits as corporate governance mechanisms and devices? Why do concentrated ownership structures still prevail in certain jurisdictions which are considered to be “market based corporate governance systems”? More importantly, if failures and causes of recent financial crises are principally attributable to the fact that market based corporate governance mechanisms, such as financial regulators, are not optimally performing their functions, why is the role of audits still paramount in such jurisdictions? These are amongst some of the questions which this paper attempts to address. The ever increasing growth of institutional investors in jurisdictions – particularly those jurisdictions with predominantly concentrated ownership structures, with their increased stakes in corporate equity, also raises the issue of accountability and the question as regards whether increased accountability is fostered where institutional investors assume a greater role – as opposed to position which exists where increased stake of family holdings (family controlled structures) arises.

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Sports Participation and Physical Personality Variable of Students in Secondary Schools in Central Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria

Authors: Odok, E.A., Edim, M.E., Ekuri, P.K.

Abstract

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Number of views: 626

The main thrust of this study was to investigate sports participation and physical personality variable of students in secondary schools in Central Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of this study, one hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. Literature review was carried out according to the variable of the study. Survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of five hundred (500) respondents was randomly selected for the study. The selection was done through the simple random sampling technique. The questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The reliability estimate of the instrument was established through the Cronbach Alpha reliability method. Independent t-test analysis was employed to test the hypothesis under study. The hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that, there is a significant difference in the physical variables of secondary school students who participate and those who do not participate in sports. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that students in secondary schools should participate in sports to avoid sedentary lifestyle and again, the physical education teachers who are the custodians of sports in these schools, should make sure that every student takes active part in sports during training sessions.

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Exploring Challenges Faced By Small Business Owners on Poverty Reduction in Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa

Authors: O.P.Akinwale , E. Adu , I. Seriki

Abstract

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Number of views: 878

Small Business can serve as a tool for poverty reduction in South Africa, but it requires adequate support and development for its continuous sustenance in spite of rigorous challenges, especially in the rural environment. This study explored the challenges faced by the small business owners in the rural Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The objective of the study is to identify the challenges faced by small business owners in the case study area and to examine the effects of those challenges on poverty rate. Survey research design was adopted, with the distribution of structured questionnaire for data collection through a simple random sampling method. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that small business owners face various challenges in their commercial operations. It was also made clearer that these challenges have effects on the poverty rate as well as crime rate. In conclusion, in other for small businesses to be affective instrument to tackle poverty, certain measure must be taken into considerations. This therefore necessitates recommendation from the researcher that potential and current business owners must seek valuable advice from the more experienced business tycoon and seek information about the business assistance programmes provided by government and private sectors

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Self Perception of Health and Health Promoting Activities Among the Elderly

Authors: Lanre-Babalola Folake O

Abstract

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Number of views: 690

Self-perceived health status is the interpretation that individuals make of their health status and daily life experiences, and this could be linked to as the social, cultural, and historical context in which individuals live. Therefore, identifying the determining factors involved in self perceived health status is essential to understand behaviour and how to assess individual needs. However; most of these studies were confined to Western populations; moreover the possible effect of age on health cannot be over-emphasized; hence the need for a study of this nature. Questionnaire was utilized to elicit information among 200 respondents on the areas of interest and the study was conducted in Somolu Local Government Area, Lagos State. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and the hypotheses were tested using the chi-square (X2 ) and pearson correlation statistical analysis test Only 26% of the respondents perceive there health as excellent; indicating a need to pay attention to he health of the elderly in the country. Findings reveal relationships between some demographic variables like income, gender, literacy level and self perception of health among the elderly. There is also a relationship between health promoting activities and hospitalization among the elderly. Health care providers need to be more compassionate and caring to the needs of the elderly; it is also recommended that elderly persons should be provided with free health services that would make health delivery and health care services at little or no cost.

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The Benefits of Applying Bayes’ Theorem in Medicine

Authors: David Trafimow

Abstract

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Number of views: 616

The present article provides a very basic introduction to Bayes’ theorem and its potential implications for medical research. This introduction was written to be accessible to medical researchers without much mathematical background in general or without much background in Bayesian mathematics specifically. I prove Bayesian equations from very basic probability theorems and also show how these basic theorems can aid medical researchers to make important discoveries without having to do much empirical work. In many cases, the necessary empirical work, including relevant epidemiological work, is already in the medical literature and important discoveries can be made merely by looking up that work and applying one of the Bayesian equations to be presented. I also demonstrate that the traditional null hypothesis significance testing procedure that currently dominates medical research is blatantly invalid; a Bayesian point of view suggests that researchers should not use this procedure. Finally, I discuss some special issues, including philosophical issues that pertain to using a Bayesian perspective in medicine.