Journal of International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research

4-9

Authors: Vladimir I. Afanasenko

July 28 marks the 75th anniversary of the publication of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin's order No. 227, known as the order "No step back!". In the history of the Great Patriotic War and in the consciousness of Soviet citizens, he entered as an order "Not a step back!". In the last paragraph, it was especially emphasized: "The order to read in all companies, squadrons, batteries, squadrons, commands, staffs". Under this order, the acting army created penalty units. Within each front, from 1 to 3 penalty battalions were formed for the guilty middle and senior commanders and the corresponding political workers of all combat arms. Within the combined arms army – from 5 to 10 penalty mouths, which sent ordinary soldiers and junior commanders. Penalties, as stressed in Order No. 227, should be placed "on more difficult sectors of the front, to enable them to redeem their crimes against the Motherland." In mid-July 1943, at the height of the Battle of Kursk, the South Front fines took part in the breakthrough of the enemy's powerful defensive line, created at the heights of the western bank of the river. Mius. About statistics of losses of penal units in the July offensive operation of the Southern Front – in this article.

19-30

Authors: Yuri F. Katorina, Aleksei H. Chalkovski

In the article it is told about the creation in Germany and the combat employment of superheavy mortars “Carl”, are given their technical characteristics and design features; 22 June 1941 they brought down their 600-mm projectiles to the Brest fortress, in summer 1942 they fired Sevastopol. In 1944 risen Warsaw. It is said and where they were in 1943 and that they made in 1945. The last surviving copy is stored in us in tank museum in Kubinke.