Russian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A

3-9

Authors: Sergey V. Bronnikov

The article explores the technology of spacecraft flight control. The expansion of technologies for the use of spacecraft was noted. The main tasks of spacecraft control are described. The increase in the complexity of the flight situation entails an increase in the complexity of spacecraft control. It is shown that such control is remote. Remote control of space vehicles is spatial. Therefore, it requires the use of methods of geoinformatics and space geoinformatics. The article introduces a new concept of “flight control loop”. This model serves as the basis for controlling the spacecraft. The spacecraft flight control system is described. The article shows that the quality of spacecraft flight control depends on the training of operators of ground control services. It is shown that the best way to train flight control center operators is to use simulators. The methodology for the use of simulators is described. The content of the principles of remote control of spacecraft flights is revealed. The features of the collection of spatial information for management are highlighted. The value of information units for flight control is shown. The connection of flight control models with models of spatial information situations is substantiated.

14-19

Authors: Vladimir V. Oznamets

The article considers the state and development of space geodesy. Geodesy is the science of space, and space geodesy is the science of outer space. The connection between space geodesy and space geoinformatics is shown. The directions of development of space geodesy are described. Space geodesy is developing in two different directions. The first direction is connected with the study of the Earth from space. The second direction is directed from the Earth to the exploration of outer space. Space geodesy can be applied independently or to support other sciences and technologies. It is shown that fuzzy sets and fuzzy situations can be used in ground and space geodesy. With fuzzy or incomplete information, it is necessary to replace the concept of the optimal solution with the concept of an expedient solution. Fuzzy sets are used when classical geodetic computational methods fail. Studies have shown the expediency of introducing the concepts and models of “spatial information situation”, “fuzzy spatial information situation”. These models allow solving new problems and expand the possibilities of spatial analysis. The methods of space geodesy provide opportunities for establishing cause-and-effect relationships of past events. This is possible due to the fact that space observations are recorded and accumulated in databases. Space geodesy applied to support other technologies is called space geodesy. There are strategic and tactical tasks of space geodesy. The article confirms the conclusion that space geodesy and space geoinformatics are applicable to the study and measurement of space bodies.

24-27

Authors: Viktor Ya. Tsvetkov

The article explores satellite monitoring. This technology is one of the space research technologies. The difference between space monitoring and satellite monitoring is shown. Two implementations of satellite monitoring are described. The systematics of satellite monitoring is given. The influence of Earth sciences on the development of satellite monitoring is described. The importance of the concept of the information field and information space on the concept of satellite monitoring is noted. The key concepts of satellite monitoring are described. The content of satellite monitoring is revealed through key concepts. The monitoring field, monitoring situation, monitoring methods, monitoring result models are described. The value of the information situation model for satellite monitoring is revealed. The difference between the information situation and the monitoring field is shown. Methods and models of monitoring are described. Object monitoring and process monitoring are described. The difference between active and passive satellite monitoring is shown. The difference between indicator and analytical monitoring is shown. Detective and interpretive monitoring is described. Prospective satellite monitoring is described, which, based on time series, makes it possible to make forecasts. It is shown that, unlike space monitoring, in which angular measurements predominate, satellite monitoring makes it possible to obtain the linear dimensions of objects. In relation to space monitoring, satellite monitoring is internal. Satellite monitoring is applicable in the study of other planets. In this case, it should be called orbital monitoring.