Russian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A

13-19

Authors: Gospodinov Slaveyko Gospodinov

The article proposes a method for determining the coordinates of points on the planet's surface using a single camera. The technique consists of two parts. The first part describes the process of shooting a rotating body in terrestrial conditions from a stationary camera. The principle of relativity of motion allows you to model this situation as a situation of moving the camera with a stationary object. This idea is used when photographing the surface of a planet from a space carrier or spacecraft. For this case, the rotation of the planet and the movement of the spacecraft can be reduced to one relative motion of the spacecraft. The solution of the problem uses the formulas of connection between the coordinates of the image and the points of the terrain, which are used in aerial photography. The specificity of satellite imagery makes it possible to simplify photogrammetric dependencies and obtain new formulas for linking the coordinates of the image and the terrain. Finding the angle of the camera from the second point becomes a problem. This problem is solved by the ballistic method. It is proposed to measure the coordinates of the auxiliary point approximately in the middle of the trajectory section between the survey points using inertial devices. Three points make it possible to determine the motion curve of the spacecraft and determine the derivatives at the survey points. The angle of tilt of the camera at the second point of the survey is determined by the difference in the angles of the derivatives at the points of the photograph or the difference in the angles of the normal at these points. The methodology and calculation formulas allow calculating the coordinates of a point on the planet's surface in a conventional coordinate system associated with the orbit of the spacecraft.

28-34

Authors: Viktor P. Savinych

The article proposes a technique for determining the linear diameter of a planet by measuring the angular diameters of the planet. Ballistic characteristics of spacecraft motion and phase angle change are used as additional characteristics. The article reflects the general problem of astronomy, space geoinformatics and geodetic astronomy – the determination of linear characteristics through angular measurements. It is recommended to use the concept and model of the information situation in private observations of space bodies. The article offers two options for determining the planet's diameter by angular measurements. The first option is called normal. It describes the situation of a spacecraft moving along a straight line connecting the observation point with the center of the planet. He describes the situation of displacement of the comic apparatus only vertically. The second option for determining the diameter of the planet is called oblique. He describes the situation of displacement of the comic apparatus vertically and horizontally relative to the center of the planet. To solve the problem in the second case, it is recommended to use a change in the phase angle.

43-48

Authors: Alexey M. Tyagunov, Viktor Ya. Tsvetkov

The article introduces a new concept of the logic of space observations. Space observation logic is interpreted as a synthesis of space logic and space exploration. The article shows and proves that space images show not the real hemisphere of the planet, but its smaller part. The article introduces new concepts: the apparent diameter of the planet and the "spherical shadow" of the planet. Formulas are given for calculating the real diameter from the "apparent diameter" of the planet. Formulas are given for calculating the "spherical shadow" in the center plane of the planet. The article analyzes the dimensions of the spherical segment on the surface of the planet, which is the closest to the observation point. This segment is shown with exaggeration in satellite images. The article provides working formulas for calculating the real dimensions of a spherical segment. On the basis of the research carried out, the logical rules of the logic of space observations are introduced. The article states that the logic of space observations can be a section of space geoinformatics and a section of spatial logic.