International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Number 4, 5

1-8
DIELECTRIC STUDY OF BaZr0.5Ti0.5O3 FERROELECTRIC RELAXOR CERAMIC

Authors: RENUKA CHAUHAN & R. C. SRIVASTAVA

Abstract

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The nanoparticle of barium zirconate titanate (BZT) ceramic was synthesized by solid state reaction method at 1200°C. Single perovskite phase having cubic symmetry is confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction. There are two transition temperatures present around 200K and 330K. The dielectric properties reveal that BZT is a relaxor ferroelectric confirmed by diffusion of two phases (tetragonal and cubic phase). The dielectric constant of BZT ceramics exhibited broad peaks curve near the Tm. This behavior may be caused by the inhomogeneous distribution of Zr4+ ions into the Ti sites and/or by the mechanical stresses on the grains. The broadness indicates the diffuse phase transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric phase. That is to say, there is diffuse transition behavior in BaZr0.5Ti0.5O3 ceramics.

9-20
MAPPING OF RADIATION PATTERN OF ULTRASONIC PHASED ARRAY FOR OBSTACLE LOCATION FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED

Authors: ASHWINI NAIK & M S PANSE

Abstract

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Number of views: 420

A real time beam steering characteristics of phased array transducer is implemented to detect and locate the obstacle for visually impaired. The steering performance can be characterized by the directivity pattern and the parameters that influence the wave propagation characteristics. The effects of various transducer parameters such as number of transducer elements, inter-element spacing, steering angle and array aperture are mathematically analyzed and optimal phased array is constructed. The Transmitter array of 6 elements with inter-element spacing of twice wavelength and receiver array with 4 elements of thrice wavelength is constructed with the 40 kHz piezo-sensors. The objective of this work is to determine directive pattern analytically and measure the pattern experimentally for the steering angle from -20 to 20 degrees. Radiation pattern of the array are mapped on the polar plot and the directivity of main lobe, grating lobes and side lobes are observed. These polar plots are simulated using LabVIEW (Laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench) developed by National Instrument, is a graphical Programming environment suited for high-level or system level design. The obstacles are detected and located in the scanning area from distance of 15cm to 100cm.

21-28
A real time beam steering characteristics of phased array transducer is implemented to detect and locate the obstacle for visually impaired. The steering performance can be characterized by the directivity pattern and the parameters that influence the wave propagation characteristics. The effects of various transducer parameters such as number of transducer elements, inter-element spacing, steering angle and array aperture are mathematically analyzed and optimal phased array is constructed. The Transmitter array of 6 elements with inter-element spacing of twice wavelength and receiver array with 4 elements of thrice wavelength is constructed with the 40 kHz piezo-sensors. The objective of this work is to determine directive pattern analytically and measure the pattern experimentally for the steering angle from -20 to 20 degrees. Radiation pattern of the array are mapped on the polar plot and the directivity of main lobe, grating lobes and side lobes are observed. These polar plots are simulated using LabVIEW (Laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench) developed by National Instrument, is a graphical Programming environment suited for high-level or system level design. The obstacles are detected and located in the scanning area from distance of 15cm to 100cm.

Authors: PRANITA P. KHAIRNAR & V. S. UBALE

Abstract

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Number of views: 442

Steganography is the art of information hiding in video, images and audio helps to prevent an unauthorised copying directly. It can useful in Military communications and some other applications as well where rather than concealing the content of a message using encryption, look for to conceal its sender, its receiver or even the existence of some information. The paper is implemented to deal with the information hiding in compressed video in motion vectors i.e we can say video steganography. Because images and raw videos are vulnerable to attacks, in compressed video we focused on the motion vectors to hide the information by making use of forward predictive (P) frames and bidirectional (B) frames.

29-38
ERROR DIAGNOSIS OF PROBABILITY IN SCATTERING FROM POTENTIAL BARRIER OF USING RANDOM SIGNAL ANALYSIS

Authors: CHETANAMBEKAR, VEDANTKALYANKAR, NITESHJAJU & KRESHASUCHAK

Abstract

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Number of views: 392

Wireless networking is the branch of communication in which wireless channels are used for the transmission of the signals. There are various terminologies in the field of wireless networking which are taken form quantum physics. Infact quantum physics consists of the signals which are in wireless medium. There are many important theories which are given in the field of quantum mechanics which can be related with the concepts of wireless networks. In this paper we have tried to link the famous Hinesburg Uncertainty Principle and the Schrödinger wave equation with the wireless network in order to find the error in the position, momentum and energy of the network. A new concept is also discussed regarding the error in the probability in which an attempt is made to derive the equation of error with respect to the displacement. In order to derive these equations various concepts of mathematical modeling, Fourier series, Fourier transform, error diagnosis are discussed briefly.