A simple improvisation technique for designing a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimal controller for a robotic pan and tilt platform (PTP) with two degrees of freedom (DOF) has been proposed in this paper. Newton-Euler linear model of this robotic system has been stabilized to obtain the desired performance criteria via LQR. The performance of the proposed LQR controller is highlighted through comparisons with the existing proportional derivative (PD) and lead Compensator controllers on account of both steady state and transient response parameters.
This paper proposes a system for automation of appliances which will be operated using sensors and micro controllers. We have used sensor network and one central control section. The network is connected with IR Sensors and relays. Sensors will be in communication with micro controller. Whenever a person enters into a Particular zone, his presence will be detected by IR Sensor and it will send this information to controller. Controller after receiving information from particular sensor, it sends signal to particular relay there then after the appliance will turn on/off due to presence / absence of person. The feasibility of the model is verified in the demo kit.
Voltage instability has been considered as a major threat to power researchers and utilities for more than three decades. In competitive electricity market, a number of generating companies may use same transmission corridor to supply power to consumers. This may reduce Available Transfer Capability (ATC) of transmission network. ATC reduction may lead to shrinkage of nose curve, thus causing the danger of voltage instability. In this paper, determination of ATC has been proposed based on voltage stability criterion for bilateral and multilateral contracts. Placement of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) in optimal location has been suggested for voltage stability based ATC enhancement. Optimal location of UPFC has been found using a sensitivity based approach. Case studies performed on IEEE 14-bus system establish the effectiveness of UPFC placement in voltage stability based ATC enhancement.
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