Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-9

Authors: Винарська О., Черниченко О., Спаська Ю.С., Григоренко Л., Баленко Н.В., Соверткова Л.С.

Objective. To substantiate criterial - significant immunologic effects of endogenous nitrosamines and their precursors. Materials and methods: Nitrosamines precursors were administered to random-bred white rats: tetracyclin (4 mg/rat) in food, sodium nitrite (4, 10, 20 mg/rat) in drinking water. Methods: gas-chromatographic (determination of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), in the animals organs; hematological, immunological (white blood cell count, formed elemnts count, T- and B-lymphocytes, and natural killer cells,immediate and delayed hypersensitivity types, phagocytosis, the level of circulating immune complexes); the pathomorphological, statistical. Results. Dependencies of immunological effects "a dose of precursors - he content of endogenous nitrosamines" in the organs of experimental animals are established. Revealed a dose-hour regularities of manifestation of immunotoxic effect of endogenous carcinogens and their precursors. The carcinogenic danger of the endogenously synthesized nitrosamines was proved which was appeared by development of tumors in depend on a dose of precursors. The highest dose of sodium nitrite (20 mg/anim) in a combination with tetracycline (4 mg/anim) leads to the suppression of T- and B-links of immune system, decreasing the number of natural killer cells, to development of immunologic reactions of I, III, IV types at an early stage of formation of endogenous nitrosamines and induces tumors in 72,7% of animals. By reducing dose to 10 mg/anim. all of the immunological effects occur only after 6 months of exposure. Decreasing of tumors development to 13,3% of cases was also established. Results of researches allowed to subtantiate of criterial the list significant immunological parameters.

14-48

Authors: Гуліч М.П., Харченко О.О., Ємченко Н.Л., Єрмоленко В.П., Моісеєнко

The objective of the work was to study the composition, properties, and chemical purity of magnesium nanocitrate; to obtain the toxicological and biological characteristics. Research objects. Solutions of magnesium citrate, produced by aqua nanotechnology, and inorganic compound - sulphate of magnesium. Materials and methods: a method for chelatometric titration with the acidic chromium dark blue as an indicator was taken for the determination of magnesium. Citrate-ion was determined by the HELC method. Determination of magnesium in biomaterial was performed by the atomic-absorption method. Assessment of chemical purity of these citrates performed of spectral analysis. Results. Сhemism of citrate, produced by nanotechnology, complied with the same of typical magnesium citrate. Spectral analysis of the compounds, extracted from the solutions, for the determination of the content of Si, Al, Cu, Fe, Ca, Cr, Ti, Mn, and Ni in them and also a voltamperemetric determination of Pb and Cd in them showed that total content of these nanocitrates of admixtures varied from 0.03 up to 0.13%, that allowed to qualify them as “ultra pure”. Comparative study of magnesium nanocitrate and its sulphate had been performed on the white mice at the intragastric administration of these substances, containing magnesium in a dose corresponding their daily need, during 14 days showed that its level was authentically higher (by 10-40%) practically in all samples of organs and tissues (especially of bone tissue) of the experimental animals than in the samples obtained from the mice which were administrated MgSO 4 solution. That testified about higher assimilability of this metal from its nanocitrate. Thus we have determined that magnesium nanocitrate close to the typical citrates by stoichiometry doesn’t differ from them by chemism and reaction ability. They are not toxic, chemical cleaner in comparison with the commercial magnesium citrate, differ of larger biological availability and therefore can be used for the enrichment of the foodstuffs with magnesium.

24-29

Authors: Кононко В., Щербицька О.В., Кліпов В.Д., Сергєєв В.П., Уварова В.

The objective: generalization of knowledge about environmental issues and the search for effective and harmless nanomaterials and nanotechnologies to solve environmental problems. Мaterials. Characteristics of activated nanostructured fibrous carbon material (AUVM “Dniepr”-MN) designed at Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine on the basis of rayon fiber are presented. Presence of nanostructures in the form of graphite nanopackages, nanobulbs, nanofibers, and nanotubes in it has been shown. Methods for investigation. Activated and modified fibrous carbon materials in the form of different textile structures such as knit and soot were used as samples to be studied. Porous structure of the samples was estimated via absorption of benzene vapors. The specific surface area was determined using the BET method. The concentration of phenol was measured by the colorimetric method. Sorption of metals was conducted in a static mode. The metal concentration was determined using an atom-adsorption spectrometer AAS3 and standard techniques for control of drinking water quality. The content of active chlorine was established by an iodine-metrical analysis. A special technique was used for estimation of the adsorption capacity of adsorbents towards iodine and methyl iodine vapors. Results. The peculiarities of AUVM structure formation have been studied depending on the conditions of fabrication, activation and modification of carbon fibers. The porous structure of AUVM as a sorbent and its sorption characteristics as well as the kinetics of adsorption of harmful substances namely phenol, heavy and toxic metals, chlorine and its compounds in the course of water purification were investigated depending on their concentration in solutions. The universal sorption activity of AUVM towards a number of environment pollutants has been demonstrated, which evidences to its possible successful application both under extraordinary conditions and in everyday life. The developed AUVM was shown to have significant advantages over traditionally used in industry activated carbon of the trades SKT, “Buosofit” and BAU. The possibility of using AUVM at nuclear plants as a filter filler in air purification systems and special systems for air purification from vapors of iodine and iodine methyl was demonstrated.

34-36

Authors: Долінчук Л.В.

The Objective. Define the role of TІMP-2 gene polymorphism ( rs9900972 ) in the development of a genetic predisposition to COPD in order to improve early detection and primary prevention of disease. Materials and methods. The genotypes of the TIMP-2 gene polymorphisms ( rs9900972 ) was determined in 72 patients with COPD and 79 healthy controls. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping of polymorphisms in TIMP-2 gene. Results and discussion. The study determined frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes for gene TІMP-2. Determined the amount of OR and identified an association between genotypes TIMP-2*GA (OR = 1,77; 95% CI: 0,83-3,77) and TIMP-2*AA (OR = 3,29; 95% CI: 0, 35-30.94) at high risk of developing COPD in the study group. We also have found that genotype TIMP-2*GG cause the resistance to the development of COPD (OR = 0,51; 95% CI: 0,24-1,06). Conclusions. The protective role of the dominant allele TIMP-2*G and genotype TIMP-2*GG (p < 0,05) in miners working in conditions of high concentrations of coal dust was founded. Shown, that the minor genotype TIMP-2*AA can be associated with the risk of COPD in the study group.

42-45

Authors: Синетар Е.О., Покас О.В., Авдєєва Л.В.

To determine the action of selenium on nanoaquahelate biofilm formation of E. faecalis and C. albicans in association on the silicone catheter. Methods. The study was performed using bacteriological and electron microscopic techniques. Results. We found C. albicans cells association with subsequent groupings (agglomerates) and a smaller number of attached cells of E. faecalis on the outer and inner surfaces of the unprocessed nanoselenium catheter fragment. At the same time, the internal and external surfaces of the catheter fragments treated nanoselenium at a concentration of 0.01 mg / ml was observed lower number of attached cells of E. faecalis and C. albicans compared to controls. Conclusions. The drug nanoaquahelate selenium concentration of 0.01 mg / ml reduces the number of attached cells of the test strains, affecting the change in morphological traits (shrivelling) cells of C. albicans which may indicate the effect of selenium on the cytoderm of the test strain. Concentration of nanoselenim 0.0025 mg / ml led to the formation of biofilm in the test strains for 24 hours, and the drug is not recommended to be used in low concentrations.

49-54

Authors: Капустинська О.А.

Characterization of the dynamics and structure of the circulatory system (CS) pathology of evacuated taking into account the age at the time of the accident, sex, and time at risk. The observation period 1988-2010. Research Methods. As the source of information served the data of the State register of persons affected by the Chоrnobyl disaster. In order to settle the matter the cohorts had been formed from the evacuated people who was registered. Results. The results of the epidemiological researches testify that the post-repair period was marked by the increasing the number of blood-vascular system disease. The main increasing was observed after 12-22 years repair. The substantial changes took place in the structure of diseases of blood-vascular system. On the first stage (5 years) hypertension took the first place, the next ischemic heart disease followed and cerebrovascular disease took the third place. On the stage of 17-22 years after repair the picture has changed - ischemic heart disease took the first place and hypertension occupied the second one. Cerebrovascular disease kept the third place. With the extension of the observation period the level of cerebrovascular disease increased from 6,5 percent in 1988-1992 to 15,8 percent in 2009-2010. The increasing of the diseases level found out in both men and women, but men’s level of disease exceeded considerably. Men’s indexes reached the maximum in 2003-2008. Next years it was noticed substantial lowering of index (authentic lowering in 2009-2010 in comparison 1988-1992 and 2003-2008). Women’s rise of morbidity has marked to 2003 with maximum in 1998-2002 and then the indexes went down. As regards to changes in the dynamics of incidence on separate nosological entities, the significant difference observed in the level of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease. Severe complications such as stroke, cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction is more common in men in the later periods of observation. Through 22-24 years it is established a clear downward trend in the incidence of a test contingent, which is associated with the implementation of these diseases, and with a significant increase of mortality among certain categories of victims. Conclusion. Nowadays the analyses of the CS morbidity level depending on the dose of the irradiation observed thyroid gland sickness, the external radioactive irradiation and the separate factors of the non-irradiation characters (Clinical-epidemiological observation data) is being carried out. It will help to establish the possible dependence of the growing blood-vascular system morbidity in adult evacuated population at the post-repair after the effects of radioactive and separate non-radioactive factors.

61-62

Authors: Трахтенберг М.

The authors find it necessary to focus particular attention on present-day questions and problems in settlements’ planning health and safety due to the introduction of innovative processes in science, reform of central authorities, the reorganization of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine. The legislative and regulatory framework on settlements’ planning hygiene was analyzed and specific measures for the legislative regulation of problematic issues were suggested.

75-79

Authors: Савіна Р.В., Савицька О., Булгаков В.В.

Objective. Comparative analysis of the main indicators of scientific activity SI „IGME” for 2010-2013 years. Materials and methods. Volume documentary array of scientific output of the Institute amounted to more than 1,400 units. We used the analytical, statistical and mathematical methods. Results. Information materials of research institute were collected and processed. Was marked the positive dynamics of presenting the achievements of Ukrainian hygienists in international scientific journals. Results of the scientific researches are reflected in more than 1 116 publications, including 112 foreign. The institute employees are participated in more than 600 scientific forums, actively interacting with the institutions and organizations of various ministries and departments: prepared 94 regulations, 26 patents, 63 newsletters. Found that the research results of SI "IGME NAMSU" scientific units is widely implemented in the practical work of the various ministries and departments of Ukraine.