Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

4-10

Authors: Тимченко О., Процюк О.В., Омельченко Е.М., Линчак О.В., Поканєвич Т.М., Микитенко Д.О., Качко Г.О., Кабанець Т.М.

Demographic crisis and environmental degradation changed the live conditions of the inhabitants; that may influence biological characteristics of human population and its adaptation possibilities. The objective to estimate the Ukrainian population adaptation level by its reproductive potential, selection size, weight of newborns and congenital malformations frequency among them, marriage migrations outcomes. Materials and Methods. The data of State Statistics Committee of Ukraine and Ministry of Health of Ukraine within 2002-2012 were analyzed. Was estimated the specific gravity of optimal reproductive women age and 0-14 years old children. Was estimated the relative risk of low birth weight, perinatal death and infertility in regions relative to the national average except those for which the relative risk was calculated. Newborns weight data were received from maternity hospitals documentation over generation in Cherkasy, Zhytomyr, Kyiv regions. Marriage distance was estimated in the cases of infertility, spontaneous abortions, congenital malformations and healthy children birth in Kyiv region. Were used MedCalc and Microsoft®Excel 97. Results. The reproductive potential of Ukraine is decreasing. The values of the selection: reproductive losses - 41,92±0,13‰, mortality in before -reproductive age is (0,96±0,01)‰, including mortality from congenital malformations (0,19±0,01)‰. XXI сentury children have reduced weight, which may mean the increasing of mutations and recombination (with environmental influence). Prevalence of CDF among born alive, still-borne and eliminated fetuses was (26,83±0,08)‰ in 2002-2011. The hypothesis about negative influence of high heterozygote level on adaptation to live conditions was proved. According to investigation results the population of Ukraine is disadapted. As accommodation is a relevant size, environmental improvement may cause positive changes of adaptation potential.

15-18

Authors: Яловенко О., Раєцька О.В., Голіченков О.М., Бабій В.Ф., Кондратенко О., Пімушина М.В.

It was the purpose of our work to define safe surfactants and to compare the degree of their cytotoxic action by an alternative in vitro method with the use of cellular test-object of suspension culture of spermatozoa of bull. Materials and methods of researches. 11 surfactants of different groups are explored in work: anionic, amphoteric, nonionic end сationic. Estimation of safety (cytotoxicity) was conducted by the in vitro assay on the culture of spermatozoa of bull at the use of analyzer of toxic of AТ-05. Results of researches. In researches of in vitro is set, that from 10 surfactants only one (polyquaternium 7) are safe (behaves to a 4 class of danger and does not cause skinning-irritating action), on the degree of expressed of cytotoxic action most dangerous surfactants - coco-betain, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium layreth sulfate, cocamidopropylbetaine; the normative breeding of surfactants for conducting of comparative researches of their cytotoxic action is certain.

24-28

Authors: Калиниченко О., Скиба О.О.

The objective of this research was to determine the influence of conditions and organization of training process on the functional state of the children’s organism engaged in different kinds of sports. Study methods. Hygienic (hygienic examination and monitoring), mathematical methods. Results. We determined the leading sanitary-hygienic factors of the training process and a degree of their influence on the parameters of functional state of children’s organism engaged in different kinds of sports in the system of the sport schools for children and youth. We determined the indices of air-heat regime of training premises affected greatly the functional state of young sportsmen organism. The degree of the influence of conditions and organization of training process on the indices of the functional state of the organism of children depends on the specificity of the kind of sports. Sanitary-hygienic factors affect mostly on the muscle strength among the representatives of single combat and for children engaged in complicated coordinating kind of sports they affect greatly the indices of spinal mobility. The greatest influence of the conditions of training process on the indices of physical efficiency is typical for the representatives of cyclic kinds of sports while for the young sportsmen engaged in sport games - on the indices of muscle strength.

34-38

Authors: Кондратюк В.А., Федорів О., Лотоцька О.В.

The objective of the research was to study and compare a combined effect of lead acetate nanoparticles and lead macroparticles in the composition of lead acetate in water on a background of potassium and sodium stearates on the processes of lipid peroxide oxidation in liver and kidneys of white rats. Materials and methods. The experiments have been performed with 5 groups of white female rats of 150-200 grams, 7 animals in each group. The 1- st group was a control and took potable dechlorinated water from the city water supply system. The rats of the 2- nd and 4- th groups took the same water but with the potassium stearate, and animals of the 3- rd and 5- th groups took water with the sodium stearate (1/250 HD 50). After 40 day usage of mentioned types of water the animals of the 2- nd and the 3- rd groups have received lead acetate preparations as nanoparticles per orally, the animals of the 4- th and 5- th groups have received lead acetate preparation in a dose of 7 mg/kg by the content of lead acetate. In 3 days the animals have been taken out from the experiment by means of phlebotomy under thiopental anesthesia according to the rules of bioethics. Results. We determined a statistically valid increase of the activity of dien conjugates and malon dialdehyde in the tissues of liver and kidneys of the experimental animals in the animals with per orally administrated lead acetate on a background of the use of water with potassium and sodium stearates in comparison with the animals administrated with lead nanoparticles. At the use of water with a complex of potassium stearate, lead nanoparticles and lead acetate we observed a more expressed toxic effect on the process of peroxide oxidation of lipids in animals’ organisms then on a background of the use of water with sodium stearate.

43-46

Authors: Бузинний М.Г., Михайлова Л.Л., Романченко М.О., Чирков В.С., Сахно В.

The objective. To study 14C content variation in the atmosphere by measuring the specific 14C activity in the annual growth of trees for background conditions and under the effect of the nuclear-energy complex site as well as the comparison of the 14C spatial distribution around the object. Materials and methods. 14C content measurements in the annual growth (tree rings) of pine wood for 14C variation studies in the air for the time interval since the end of 40- th of the last century - the period when there have been the greatest fluctuations in radiocarbon. Research objects - annual pine wood growth. Trees for the study of background oscillations were selected in Chernigiv region and for the influence of anthropogenic emissions 14C study were selected trees near the source of emissions 14C, studied earlier. In the second case, we examined the wood material of tree that grew at a distance of about 5 km from the site, and compared the results with those obtained previously for a tree that grew at a distance of about 10 km. Measurements were carried out at 14C using a traditional method based on a liquid-scintillation counting. For this study used the charred wood annual increment, of which have been previously extracted resin material in a Soxhlet apparatus. Samples of benzene were measured using a Quantulus 1220 TM LS spectrometer made by Perkin Elmer Inc. Results. Technology used in the preparation of baseline studies of samples allows to obtain results similar to the direct measurements of 14C in the air. Studies of samples taken in the area of ​​ nuclear facility influence showed the results concerted with previous studies of the impact of the object. Comparing the relevant research showed that the samples of the annual increment in some years have significant differences, confirmed by repeated studies. The differences can be explained by inappropriate spatial distribution at close distances from the object. Overall consistency of the data sets suggests that the earlier estimate of annual emissions and 14C emissions for the time of work does not require the re-evaluation.

51-55

Authors: Янко Н.В., Станкевич В.В., Коваль Н.М.

Data on the retrospective analysis of the results of the study of water quality of the lake Svitiaz, Shatskу National Park by the most informative indices of the eutrophy level of the basin (general phosphorus, biochemical use of oxygen, suspended substances) for 1985-2010 are presented in the article. Objective of the work. Determination of the effect of the recreational loads on the eutrophy processes of the lake Svitiaz. Objects and methods for study. In the samples from the lake Svitiaz, selected in 1985-2010, a content of general phosphorus, suspended substances, and biochemical use of oxygen (BUO 5) were determined with the help of generally accepted methods. Study results. It was determined that an excessive recreational load on the water resources of the lake Svitiaz without sufficiently developed infrastructure decreased an anthropogenic load on the basin. It leads to an increase of trophicity level, and for the future - to the high trophic and hypertrophic levels. Strengthening of the process of water flowering with a dominance of Cyanophyceae is expected. It will lead to the impossibility of the use of the lake Svitiaz, the important object of water recreation for all North-West regions of the country, for the recreational purpose. The obtained study results demonstrate a necessity of an urgent development of the measures for a decrease of the growth of water trophicity in the lake Svitiaz.

60-64

Authors: Брич О., Синетар Е.О., Лоскутова М.М., Гарницька О.Г., Скуратова О.Г.

Objective: to test the viability, taxonomic position of museum strains genera Proteus and Morganella during long-term storage - for 25-48 years, to examine their morphological, cultural, biochemical properties and sensitivity to antibiotics. Materials and methods: studies were perfomed using cultural, microscopic, bacteriological, biochemical and statistical methods. Results: found that among the studied strains of lyophilized P.vulgaris, P.mirabilis and M.morganii after 25-48 years of storage 84% was viable. Biochemical identification of museums strains helped to clarify the taxonomic position of the three isolates. A retrospective analysis of data sensitivity viable strains to antibiotics was made. All srains P.vulgaris and M.morganii were resistant to ampicillin, cefalotin, cefuroxim, cefuroxim acsetyl. All investigated strains were sensitive to aminoglycosides, quinolones, meropenem and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

70-75

Authors: Корзун В.Н., Гозак С.В., Парац А.Н., Иванов В., Белозуб А.

The objective. Study the effect of vitamin-mineral complex „Vitacor Junior” for children health, their physical development and school performance. Materials and methods. Children of the main group (n = 69) during 7 months daily received one tablet of vitamin-mineral complex, children of the control group (n = 34) - only school meals. Examination of children was carried out before and after supplements. The study was conducted on the basis of the school in Zhytomyr region. Results. After 7 months, children of the main group have improved functional state of the muscular and cardiac-respiratory system, decreased the incidence and likelihood of acute forms of the disease. Average level of acute morbidity is decreased by 25,5% (from 1,83 ± 0,13 to 1,37 ± 0,13 incidents in year, t = 2,44; p<0,05) compared to the similar index to reception of the complex; the reduction of probability of 2-4 acute diseases in the year is decreased by 2.83 times (RR = 2,83; 95% CI 1,46-5,49; EF = 64,7%). Functional status of cardio-respiratory system by index Skibinskу is improved by 28,2% (from 5,82 ± 0,42 to 7,46 ± 0,57, t = 2,29; p<0,05), diastolic blood pressure and heart rate is decreased (t = -3,64; p<0,001 and t = -2,43; p<0,05, correspondently). Functional status of the muscular system is improved by indication of the strength of muscles of the hand by 16.2% (t = 2,15; p<0,05) and by evaluation of the power index (χ 2 = 16,33; p<0,01) It is established that the proportion of children with low adaptation-reserve opportunities of an organism in the control group tends to increase (y = 18,2, x - 0,1), in the main group - to decrease (y = -7,2, x + 49,2). Conclusions of the study. A vitamin-mineral complexes contributed to the improvement of health status of children, which can be recommended for use in children nutrition.