The Journal of Community Health Management

167-176

Authors: A K Mohiuddin*

As important members of the health care team, pharmacists work collaboratively with patients’ other health care providers in all types of patient care settings ranging from community pharmacies to hospitals and long-term care facilities. Across these settings, pharmacists take specific actions that regularly contribute to improving patient safety. In addition to training on medications, pharmacist education and training includes assessing health status of patients, providing education and counseling, managing diseases, and using health care technologies. Pharmacists use this education and training to prevent medication errors, drug interactions, and other adverse medication events from reaching patients. With the expanding number and complexity of medications, pharmacists’ roles and responsibilities have expanded broadly beyond medication distribution. Pharmacists are providing patient care in almost all health care settings to help people of all ages get the most from the medications that are prescribed to them. Examples of pharmacists’ patient care services include providing health and wellness screenings, managing chronic diseases, assisting patients with medication management, administering immunizations, and working with hospitals and health systems to improve patient care and reduce the number of patients who are readmitted to the hospital following their hospital stay.

188-191

Authors: Lavina Chaubey*,T B. Singh,,Kirti Kaithwas,Namita Doharey,Shilpa Chowdary Peddappolla

Introduction: Infertility is defined as the failure to achieve clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regularly unprotected sexual intercourse. According to a systematic analysis of National Health Survey-2010, approximately 10.5% of women around the world experienced secondary infertility and roughly 2% experienced primary infertility. Objectives: To analyse the risk factors for infertility in eastern part of North India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, analytical pilot study was done from January 2018 to March 2018 as a schedule based survey involving 65 couples with infertility attending Sir Sunderlal hospital, Varanasi, U.P., that primarily caters to patients from eastern part of north India. Sixty valid couples were analysed. Results: Seventy per cent couples resided in eastern U.P. and 60% belonged to middle socioeconomic status. Treatment was sought ? 3 years by 86.7%. Among a total number of 60 females partners in their reproductive age (15-49 years), 31 (51.7%) had primary infertility and 29 (48.3%) had secondary infertility. The age group of 27-38 years comprised of 53.3% females and 65.6% of these had secondary infertility. Those females with regular menstrual cycles had a predominance of primary infertility (70%) and irregular cycles was associated more with secondary infertility (66.7%). Conclusion: Association of primary and secondary infertility was found with age & menstrual irregularity, hence these may be considered as risk factors. BMI and amount of menstrual flow were not significantly associated with either types of infertility and need further evaluation in a larger study.

197-201

Authors: D Ravi Sankar,D S. Sujith Kumar*

Introduction: The health needs and medical needs of elderly populations are different from the young. The current study is intended to study the medical problems with which the elderly patients are attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital and their outcomes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective record based study was conducted among patients attending the geriatric OPD of tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of six months. Details regarding Medical condition, hospitalization status and treatment outcome were collected. Result: 60-64 years age group patients are the majority followed by 65-69 and 70-75 years age groups. Hypertension is the most common medical condition followed by Diabetes and Musculoskeletal disorders Hypertension being the major disorder in both the genders. 80 (13%) of them were admitted out of which 5 (6.25%) died during the course of treatment and 75 (93.75%) were treated successfully and discharged. Conclusion: Non-communicable diseases are the predominant geriatric health problems. There is significant gender differences in hospital admission rates but not in hospital death rates. The policy makers can utilize the data from studies like this to take necessary steps for the prevention, control and management of age related chronic diseases by various medical and non-medical measures. Provision of compulsory health insurance for all the elderly and provision of geriatric clinics in all levels of health care will decrease elderly morbidity and mortality.

205-208

Authors: Sumit Kumar Singh*,Dipak Kumar Dhar

Introduction: Stroke is a neurological defect that could result in death thus the importance of evaluating the existing knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) is essential for stroke control. Objective: Our study objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of risk factors and warning symptoms of ischemic stroke among controls and caregivers attending in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A matched (age and sex) case control study was planned to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of risk factors and warning symptoms of Ischemic stroke among controls and caregivers in a tertiary care centre for a period of one year. The Sample size was calculated for matched case control (1:1 ratio) by n-master software and came out to be 189 pairs. Consecutive sampling method was used to select caregivers and controls. The controls were selected from the same hospital. The association between various risk factor and warning symptoms of ischemic stroke has been investigated. Z-test was implemented to estimate risk factor and warning symptom of Ischemic stroke among caregivers and controls. Results: Our result revealed that most of subjects were aged 40-59 years, males (69.8%), and (77.2%) was literate. The KAP questionnaire was administered to 189 participants each from both groups. Majority (69.84%) among caregiver while only 48.67% in control group knew about the risk factors of stroke. Majority (65.6%) among the caregiver while only 30% in control knew about the warning signs of stroke. Majority of the respondents believed that ischemic stroke is preventable and stroke can occur more than one time and affects daily activity. Conclusions: The level of KAP toward stroke risk factors and warning symptoms was inadequate among the majority of control participants. Though it was observed that good KAP was associated with high education and young age.