Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine

Page No. 1-6

Authors: Brajesh Anand PD, Mukesh Shukla, Siraj Ahmad, Sneha Soni

Introduction: Population ageing is being recognised worldwide as a reality but still the quality of life (QOL) among elderly seems to be a neglected issue in developing countries like India. Therefore the present study was conducted to measure health related QOL among elderly and to ascertain some of the determinant factors. Methods: This was a community based cross-sectional survey, conducted among 782 elderly subject in rural population of Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh. WHO QOL-BREF was used to assess the data on QOL of elderly. A pre-designed, pre-tested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic information and a complete clinical examination was performed among the study subjects to assess chronic morbid conditions. Results: Mean scores of quality of life domains were higher among elderly of 70-79 years age group in physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental domains from other age groups. The mean quality of life scores were found to be higher among elderly without psychosocial and health related problems. Relation between physical health domain and marital status were statistically significant (p<0.05). About 44.4% of elderly living with their family or wife were of average psychological health, while 33.5% elderly living alone were of poor psychological health and relation was statistically significant (p<0.05). Association between marital status with psychological health was statistically significant and SES with social relationship was statistically significant (p<0.05) Conclusion: The study findings indicate that the elderly population living in Satrikh, Barabanki suffer from relatively poor QOL particularly among elderly women and those with lower education. Indeed to improve QOL among elderly, much more attention should be paid to all aspects of their life including health and economic status.

Page No. 13-23

Authors: C. Tej Kumar, B. Nagendra Naidu

Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVD) are one of the major NCDs comprising of a group of diseases of Heart and Vascular system. CHD accounts for nearly 50% of all deaths in the developed world and 25% in developing countries, such as India. The aetiology of CVD is multi-factorial. Most of the Risk factors of CVD are easily modifiable on simple IEC activities(Information, Education and Communication). This Cross Sectional Descriptive study on modifiable risk factors of Cardio Vascular diseases in adults at Kankipadu Village, Krishna district is conducted to estimate the prevalence of risk factors in a rural area of Andhra Pradesh. Prevalence of various risk factors in this study are systolic hypertension 16.42%, diastolic hyper tension 9.14%, over weight and obesity 19%, smoking habit 21.14%, alcohol consumption 18.86%, physical inactivity 45%.

Page No. 28-30

Authors: Sudeepa Das, Niranjan Sahoo, MK Hansda, SN Mishra, AK Shukla

Thermal burns are major cause of death and disability affecting to the developing countries like India. High mortality has become a medical problem in rural India. The females are the usual sufferers. The mortality is almost 100% at the extremes of the age. Mostly the incidence took place in living place. Thin built and medium built individuals are usual sufferers with stout built individuals pose a great defense with less mortality. Higher income group people are the least sufferers. Most important factor is the percentage of surface area burn which is responsible for the fatality of the cases.

Page No. 36-40

Authors: Syed Jawwad Ali Hashmi, Purushottam A. Giri, Mohd. Shafee

Background: The disease has been recognized as a global epidemic by WHO. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the number of people globally with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will increase to 552 million by 2030, over twice the number in 2000. Nearly 21% of these new cases will be from India, which has the highest number of cases in any country. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of rural health center (RHTC) Kasturwadi, Department of Community Medicine, Indian Institute of Medical Science & Research, Badnapur, Jalna, Maharashtra. As WHO has given theme for WHO day 7th April 2016 as “Beat Diabetes”, as a part of WHO day 2016 celebration a Diabetes Screening camp was organized at Kasturwadi village on 7th April 2016. Blood sugar level of all participants in camp above 30 years and who were willing to participate was taken for the study. Results: Prevalence of IGT and diabetes (combined) was 60% in 61-70 yrs age group followed by 36% in 51-60 years, 35% in 41- 50 years and 27% in 30-40 years. Prevalence of diabetes is 7.9% in males where as 3.8% in females. Prevalence of IGT is more among Muslims i.e. 31.8% than Hindus i.e. 25.6%. Prevalence of IGT and diabetes is 53.1% and 16.3% respectively in subjects with sedentary life style and difference was statistically significant among sedentary and non-sedentary subjects. There were significant difference in prevalence of IGT and Diabetes among persons with higher BMI (p=0.001). Also there is significant difference in normotensives and hypertensive as prevalence of IGT and diabetes is considered (p=0.039). Conclusion: The present study found positive association between stress, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes, and hypertension with abnormal glucose tolerance. Primary prevention is possible by modifying the environmental factors influencing diabetogenesis such as obesity, diet and physical activity.

Page No. 45-47

Authors: Ratnesh, AK Singh, SB Gupta

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and ranks the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide. India is the highest TB burden country accounting for more than one fifth of the global burden of tuberculosis. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Objective: The objective of the current study was to find out about the socio-demographic profile of the TB patients registered under RNTCP in district Bareilly. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on TB patients registered during 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2016 under RNTCP for DOTS in Bareilly. Purposive sampling was done, 10 DMCs were selected in district Bareilly in which a total of 2010 TB patients were interviewed. Result and Conclusion: In the present cross-sectional study, total 2010 TB patients were interviewed, in which maximum number i.e. 489 (24.3%) of the study subjects belonged to the age group of less than 20 years, 1119 (55.7%) were male, 1050 (55.9%) were from urban population, Hindu by religion 1123 (55.9%), OBC caste 1403 (69.8%), married 1358 (67.6%), educated up to primary class 704 (35%), unskilled worker 769 (38.3%) and 777 (38.7%) were from nuclear family.

Page No. 53-57

Authors: Girish B., Sumanth Mallikarjuna Majgi

Background: Hypertension is an important public health challenge in both economically developing and developed countries. Hypertension is a Silent Killer, because people who have it are often symptom free or unaware of the disease. The teaching profession is highly stressful occupation due to enhanced psychosocial stress at the work place. The present study was intended to measure the prevalence of hypertension among primary school teachers of Urban Tumkur and also to identify the risk factors for hypertension among the same. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Maralur area of Tumkur town during July to September, 2013. All the five schools under our Urban field practice area were selected for the study and the sample size was 70 primary school teachers. Blood pressure of all teachers were recorded in sitting position and a pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain other details. Result: Blood pressure was recorded among 70 teachers in the 5 schools of which 19 (27.14%) were males and 51 (72.86%) were females. 20 teachers (28.57%) were diagnosed with hypertension. 65% of hypertensive teachers have positive family history of hypertension in this study. 15% of teachers with hypertension have smoking habit and 10% of teachers have the habit of alcohol consumption. 25% of hypertensives had less than 6 hours of sleep daily. 65% of hypertensives do not practice yoga and 75% of hypertensives do not practice meditation. Conclusion: Hypertension among the school teachers was 28.57%. Life style modification for prevention and control of hypertension has to be given importance among teachers. Teachers can be used as a medium for spreading these messages to their family, the students and their colleagues.

Page No. 63-66

Authors: PN Murkey, Ranjan Ambedkar, BH Tirpude, Sharjeel Khan, IL Khandekar, Pravin Zopate, Deepak Bhagwat,

Asphyxial deaths are a common phenomenon. The stressful life with financial burden, poor socio-economic status, homicidal intentions, industrialisation, psychiatric disorders, human errors, estranged relationships, accidents etc had contributed to a tremendous increase in asphyxial deaths. Hanging is second or third most popular method of suicide. Hanging has been employed as the method of suicide since time immemorial. Usually all hanging cases are suicidal. Accidental hanging is uncommon and homicidal cases are rare. Moreover there is great diversity related to marital status of victim and place of hanging which provides a rough clue for investigating authorities. The present study is based on the autopsies conducted in the mortuary of Forensic Medicine Department, situated in central India. A total number of 1833 postmortem examination were conducted during 1st August 2011 to 31st July 2016 and amongst these 121 cases were due to asphyxial deaths.