Journal of Literary Studies (Journal of Literature and Humanities)

43-64

Authors: Hamed Safi ; Farzad Ghaemi ; Mahdokht Poorkhalegi Chatrodi

Houshang, second mythical king of Iran, is introduced as Pishdad in historical texts. He had the most important duties such as collecting water in ponds, ordering to hunt wild animals, clothes making, carpeting using animal's Skin, and encouraging people to agriculture. Arabic historical texts are written in the early Islamic centuries narrating the stories of Persian kings. They were derived from Khodaynameh and then translated. Ferdowsi in Shahnameh has introduced Houshang as the second Persian king and has written on his actions. The analysis and comparison with other narratives based on the hypertextuality not only reveals the origins of these texts, but also shows the differences in narrative texts representing the fact that the texts have used Various versions of Khodaynameh.source of Ferdowsi and tha'alibi was not a common and work of tha'alibi is hypertext that history of tabari is its hypotext.

89-117

Authors: Issa Amankhani ; Mona Alimadadi

When the army of Iran was defeated by Russian army, Iranians began to know the western culture and thoughts and so the pre modern discourse was replacedby the modern discourse. The result of this revolution was ignorance of normal rules of past and important people. In this period some diplomatic and literary rules were rejected, and some famous poets as Sadi and Molavi were credited too. Just Ferdowsi and his work, Shahname, in despite of the discrepancies with modern discourse, were glorified. The most important reason of this glorification is establishment of a national and modern government that nationalism was making is steady. And Pahlavies (the father and son) were supporting. A national government needed somfondations such as the same history, language and country. These are the elements of a national system seen mostly in Shahname than the other works. So in this period Ferdowsi and his Shahname were glorified.

147-170

Authors: Farzaneh Alavizadeh

The image of a notion in the literary works is considered as one of the most productive areas in comparative literature. In five steps, this paper examines the Chardin’s Travel book and his vision of the Iranian culture and identity relqted to Safavid period: In the first part, we discuss the conception of the Other and express the discrepancy between two reality orders and two spaces. Next step includes the efforts of becoming the same with the Other, obligations of a traveler among other nations and understanding identity through the use of the comparison. Our focus in the third step is on the lexical analysis including adjectivising. In the following step, we examine the creation of the Clichés and stereotypes and also the adjustment, verification and enhancement of traveler’s subjective assumptions made when faced with the reality, relating text to its socio-historical contexts. And in the last step, we consider the descriptions of the certain aspects of reality and show how some of the stereotypes dominate others. Finally, we conclude that the image of Iran and Iranian’s identity in Chardin’s narration is influenced by both the reality, his insights, his subjective assumptions, and the socio-historical context at a particular historical period.