Food Science and Technology

25-34

Authors: Kaprelyants L., Zhurlova O., Shpirko T., Pozhitkova L.

The current study is a review of characteristics, production, physiological properties and application of xylooligosaccharides (XOS). XOS are the carbohydrates, their molecules are built from xylose residues linked mainly by в-(1→ 4)-glycoside bonds. Xylan is important for plant cell walls and is widely spread component in agricultural by-products. XOS are products of xylan hydrolytic degradation, and exhibiting the high prebiotic potential. The XOS preparation of wheat and rye bran stimulated the cells accumulation - 1,4∙1010 CFU/cm3 of L. аcidophilus and 9,2∙1010 CFU/cm3 of В. bifidum. A difference in XOS molecules branching causes a wide range of their physiological properties: antioxidant, immunomodulation, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic. XOS can reduce high cholesterol level and triglycerides in blood plasma. XOS application reviewed in this article opens new perspectives on its potential use for human consumption. The rich sources of xylan are wheat, rye and barley bran, rice husk, wheat straw, corncobs, cotton stalk. Industrial way of XOS production includes chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis with following purification. Chemical methods are based on hydrothermal pretreatment and acidic or alkali extraction. Obtained oligosaccharides have a wide range of polymerization degree (DP) from 2 to 20. Enzymatic methods include fermentation with xylanase that allow controlling the XOS accumulation with certain DP. The different chromatographic purification after hydrolysis is used for analytical purposes. There are anion-exchange, size-exclusion, affinity, size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, biomethods are preferred for XOS used in food, because such preparations do not contain monosaccharides and furfural as contaminants. XOS are stable in a wide range of temperature and pH, justifying the development of new synbiotics generation. Most widely XOS are used in production of functional products and pharmaceutical preparations. But they are also applied in cosmetic, agricultural and mixed feed industries.

42-52

Authors: Tkachenko N., Kruchek O., Kopiyko A., Ramazashvili G.

Expediency of development of recipes and innovative biotechnologies for combined milk-vegetational products with balanced chemical composition, strengthened probiotic properties and extended shelf life was proven in field of establishing proper diet for adult healthy people, both in everyday consumption and during treatment of illnesses and rehabilitation after it. Principles of scientific approach to creation of biotechnologies for fermented combined products with balance of basic food nutrients are described here, as well as innovative biotechnological approaches, which provide the possibility of getting desired products (yoghurt drinks) with high probiotic properties and long shelf life. Main stages of development are described for recipes and biotechnologies of bifido-enabled combined yoghurt drinks with balanced chemical composition, rich on lively bifido- and Lactobacterium cells and long shelf life. A scheme for production of desired products with explanation of technological process parameters is provided, it was tested in industrial conditions at “Gormolzavod №1” Ltd. in Odesa, Ukraine. In samples of milk-rice and milk-spelt yoghurt drinks, which were produced in industrial conditions, we determined chemical composition and primary quality objectives. Desired products have balanced ratio of proteins : fats : carbohydrates (1 : 1 : 4), high sensory qualities, standard quality values during long shelf life (20 days in sealed tare), contain a high concentration of viable cells of probiotic cultures – such as B. animalis Bb-12 (not less than 3.6∙108 CFU/cm3) and mixed cultures of L. bulgaricus + S. thermophilus (not less than 4.0∙108 CFU/cm3), as well as physiologically significant number of prebiotics – lactulose and fiber (30 and 10 %, according to the daily consumption norm when consuming 500 cm3 of product).

61-70

Authors: Fedorova D.

Rational use of the domestic fish products is a relevant problem of the national economy. Substantial amount of harvesting and high nutritional value determine the necessity of efficient use of the gobies found in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, in particular, in production of dry fish and plant semi-finished food stuffs for the food products of increased nutritional value. The purpose of the research is to study the fatty acid composition of the lipids of the dry fish and plant semi-finished food products made of the minced gobies found in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov and to access their bioavailability. The subject of research is the dry fish and plant semi-finished food products made of the minced drawn Black and Azov Sea gobies without heads treated with steam heat, with use of the plant compositions (linseed meal, wheat bran, oatmeal bran, and rye bran). The obtained experimental findings of the fatty acid composition of lipids contained in the dry fish and plant semi-finished food products made of the gobies found in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov prove a substantial amount of essential fatty acids in such foods, in particular, omega- 3 acids. It has been established that the lipids of the dry fish and plant semi-finished products correspond to the ultimate values of bioavailability according to most of the estimated characteristics. Considering the existent scientific data on the wide range of clinico-pharmacological effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (antiatherogenic, cholesterol-lowering, antithrombogenic, anti-inflammatory etc.), dry fish and plant semi-finished food products may be recommended for use in the production of healthy foods.

80-86

Authors: Kalugina I., Vikul S., Novik Yu.

The article shows the necessity of healthy foods development and introduction into population`s food ration, which are enriched with scarce micronutrients, especially with iodine, to strengthen health and prevent diseases. There is a review of Laminarium chemical composition and proved the possibility of using these algae as iodine-containing ingredient to produce foodstuffs aimed to prevent iodine deficient disorders. The correlation of iodine and selenium in Laminarium algae is unique and is (1.0 : 0.7). This is that correlation what is necessary for human`s thyroid gland to provide normal functioning and optimal producing of the most important hormones – Thyroxine (T6) and Triiodothyronin (T3). While the development of pancakes with Laminarium stuffing, it was made a number of physical and chemical indicators of the stuffings compositions: humidity, active and titrated acidity. The important criteria for the stuffing formulation development was the product organoleptic estimation. It was found the optimal correlation of the formulation`s components of the Laminarium stuffing with the degree of homogenization considering. The application of modern research methods and experimental design, the study of organoleptic, physical, and chemical indicators of Laminarium and stuffing for pancakes with it allowed us to determine the optimum additive content in the stuffing and to optimize technological parameters of pancakes production. The Laminarium algae introduction in the recipe will enrich pancakes with a large number of macro-and microelements, vitamins and organic compounds. It has been found that the new product – pancakes with Laminarium stuffing characterized by high iodine content, has a high nutritional value and good consumer`s indicators. This allows to recommend it for using in preventive nutrition.

93-98

Authors: Pylypenko I., Pylypenko L., Yamborko G., Marinova I.

Potential pathogens of foodborne toxic infections – bacterial contaminants Bacillus cereus isolated from plant raw materials and food products from the Ukrainian region were investigated. When determining of the proportion of isolated bacilli from the plant samples, it was established that the epidemiologically significant microorganisms of Bacillus cereus as agents of food poisoning are the second largest. The average value of contaminated samples of Ukrainian plant raw materials and processed products with Bacillus cereus is 36.2 %. The ability of Bacillus cereus strains identified by a complex of morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties, to produce specific emetic and enterotoxins was studied. Molecular genetic diagnosis and detection of the toxin-producing ability of isolated 42 Bacillus cereus strains showed both the possibility of their rapid identification and the presence of specific toxicity genes. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out with specific primers to detect toxicity determined of various bacilli genes: nheA, hblD, cytK, cesВ. The distribution of toxigenic genes is significantly different among the Bacillus cereus isolates from various sources. The nheA, hblD and cytK enterotoxin genes were detected in 100, 83.3 and 61.9 % of the investigated strains of Bacillus cereus, respectively. The cesB gene encoding emetic toxin was detected in 4.8 % of strains. Molecular-genetic PCR-method confirmed that all the isolated strains belong to the Bacillus cereus group, and the ability to produce toxins can be attributed to five groups. The main toxins that produce the investigated Bacillus cereus strains were nhe and hbl enterotoxins encoded by the corresponding genes of nheA and hblD. The enterotoxic type of Bacillus cereus was predominant in Ukrainian region. Studies of domestic plant food raw materials and products have confirmed the need to improve microbiological control of product safety by introducing accelerated specific diagnostics of contaminants by molecular genetics methods.

111-118

Authors: Kryvoplias-Volodina L., Gavva A., Tokarchuk S.

In this paper, theoretical computation study of linear induction motor characteristics are considered and performed, depending on the main technical and design parameters of bag-forming machines. The object of the study is a linear induction electric motor which is part of electric drive of bag-forming machine functional systems displacement modules. Induction drive on the basis of the linear motor may be an alternative type of actuator and transport systems. The advantages of this system: the missing link of transmission of the tractive force, i.e. the simplification of the kinematic scheme; no rotating parts, hence improving reliability; for a more accurate speed control and positioning; use of the normal effort to unload the supporting rollers. In case of outage work on can be easily delivered to the desired location (without the clutch). A look at a new system of frequency regulation of the asynchronous engine with use of blocks of the correction and direct torque control. The control system supports the torque of the engine at a critical level, this is when the engine as a control object, is in an unstable state, and the control system they have to maintain this unstable state. As a research method we used the sequence of calculation of characteristics of a linear induction motor. The obtained results of theoretical computation study make it possible to choose parameter values for designing of functional displacement modules with linear induction motor. The use of transport system with electric drive in bag-forming machine on the basis of linear induction motor allows to simplify its kinematic scheme and to increase reliability indicators. The data obtained as a result of the studies can also be recommended for other technological machines and lines industrial complex.