The Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal

6-11

Authors: Şükrü Hayta, Emel Akbaba

Prangos ferulaceae which is quite common in the Nemrut Caldera, declared as the Ramsar area in Bitlis Province, Turkey was collected from the natural habitats. Using the hydrodistylation method, the yield of essential oil was determined as 0.5% (v/w) in the fruits, and 0.6% (v/w) in the leaves. Essential oil analyzes of the fruits and leaves of this species were made by GC/GC-MS. In total, 47 and 29 components were determined as 94.4% and 93.4% of the oil, respectively. In fruit essential oil, β-elemene 26.9%, β-phellandrene 18.9%, α-terpinolene 14.2%, and α-phellandrene 9.7%, while in leave essential oil β-elemene 48.9%, α-terpinolene 14.6%, and ethylbenzene 9.7% were found as the major compounds. In addition, quantitative and qualitative differences were found in the essential oil composition in different parts of this species. Furthermore, this plant is widely used in livestock in Van and Bitlis provinces, while it is also consumed as vegetable. In addition to cooking, the brine is also made. Local people call this plant as “Heliz”. The brine is cooked with egg and a dish with a local name as “cag” is made.

21-28

Authors: Mohd. Shuaib, Devansh Mehta, Mohd. Ali

HPTLC analysis of plants and to analyse their phytoconstituents has been the modern practice of phytochemistry and plant medicine analysis which has accuracy around 90 %. For this present research, we studied and analysed three plants, mainly Commiphora myrrha, Operculina turpethum, and Pinus roxburghii Sarg. The results are highly interesting.

45-53

Authors: Ikenna C. Nwokedi, Philomena K. Igbokwe

Mass transfer coefficient and kinetic studies of CO2 sequestration into aqueous ammonia was carried out to reveal the extent of the effect of the CO2 and CO capture for the reactions which is an important characteristic in determining the efficiency of absorption. Experimental parameters for concentration of solution were 2 to 10 mol/dm3, process duration of 20 to 100 seconds and volume of solvent 40 to 200 millilitres with ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure as the conditions during the work. Data for kinetics of CO2 sequestered were obtained via numerical differential formula, absorption of CO2 into the ammonia solution conformed to the first-order reaction as the calculated values of the Hatta Number as shown were all above 100 and the regression coefficient, R2, value obtained from is greater than 0.9 with good linearity. An empirical volumetric mass transfer coefficient KGAV correlation for the system was proposed, KGAV was found to increase with an increase in concentration of solvent and volume of solvent.

67-71

Authors: I. O. Vedernykova, Ye. O. Tsapko

Infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm incorporation of magnetic particles into dispersion system. Synthesis of magnetite particles was performed by chemical coprecipitation: average particle diameter = 20 nm, X-ray density ρ = 5.2 g∙cm-3. The samples of magnetite nanoparticles suspended in water-based (surfactant were sodium oleate, 0.5% aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, 3% aqueous solution of pectin) and polyethylene-based (PEG1500:PEG400 8:2) were investigated. Using IR-spectroscopy the chemical interaction of SAS molecules with the surface layer of magnetite iron cations was determined.

78-86

Authors: Déto U. J–P N'GUESSAN, Songuigama COULIBALY, Mahama OUATTARA, Denise A. B. GUINA, Drissa SISSOUMA, Nanga Y. ZINZENDORF

A series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl-chalcones (5a–k) have been synthesized by claisen chimdt condensation between 3-acetyl-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (3) and various benzaldehydes (4a–k). The structures of all the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The antibacterial activities of these synthesized compounds were tested against sensible and clinical strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, using commercially available antibiotics, Azithromycin, Cefotaxim and Ciprofloxacin as reference drugs. The antibiogram showed that the clinical strains used were either intermediate or resistant to the antibiotics tested. The range of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 200 – 3.125 μg /mL against ATCC and clinical strains. With MICs values of 6.25 μg / mL and 3.125μg / mL, compound 5h was found to be the most potent of all, respectively against clinical and reference strains of Gram-positive bacterium (S. aureus). Structure activity relationship studies revealed that the presence of electron-withdrawing substituent or of bulkier group at phenyl ring is favorable to low bactericidal activities and a shrinking of the spectrum of action toward P. aeruginosa. On the contrary, the presence of an electron donor substituent on the same nucleus is closely related to the broadening of the spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including the drug-resistant species of E. coli.

96-104

Authors: Samuel Cosmas, Evalde Ngabonzima, Bazil Ekuh Ewane, Chibueze Kelechi Ene, Chioma Blessing Okeke, Ndubuisi Michael Chigbu, Olanrewaju Ayodeji Durojaye

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes. Once rare in developed countries, tuberculosis infections began increasing in 1985, partly because of the emergence of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. HIV weakens a person's immune system so it can't fight the TB germs. In the United States, because of stronger control programs, tuberculosis began to decrease again in 1993, but remains a concern. Many strains of tuberculosis resist the drugs most used to treat the disease. People with active tuberculosis must take several types of medications for many months to eradicate the infection and prevent development of antibiotic resistance. Materials and Methods: The chemical structure and formular of gedunin was obtained from the PubMed database. This structure was redrawn using the ChemAxon software and converted into isomeric SMILES for the running of pharmacokinetic parameters using the SwissADME software. Molecular docking study was carried out using the Autodock Vina software while the 3D structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis NAD+ kinase was downloaded from the Protein Data Bank. Results: The molecular docking of gedunin against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis NAD+ kinase showed a high binding score of -8.4Kcal/mol while parameters obtained from the in silico pharmacokinetics studies showed that gedunin violated none of the lipinski’s rule. Discussion: Results from the molecular docking study showed that gedunin might be a potent antitubacular agent owing to the high binding energy observed against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis NAD+ kinase. Gedinin has also been shown to be safe for oral administration based on results obtained from pharmacokinetic studies.

111-116

Authors: Davoud Balarak, Ferdos Kord Mostafapour, Ali joghataei

In current study Lemna Minor (LM) has been utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of a reactive red 120 (RD-120), from aqueous solution using the batch adsorption technique under different conditions such as temperature, contact time and initial dye concentration at pH fixed 7. The optimum sorption conditions were found as following: contact time 90 min, initial dye concentration 25 mg/L and temperature 50 °C. Different thermodynamic parameters i.e., changes in standard free energy, enthalpy, and entropy have also been evaluated. The ΔH0 and ΔS0 values are thus found to be 5.17 KJ/mol and ΔS0 0.0342 J/K mol, respectively, while the ΔG0 values were -4.17, 4.89 and -5.38 J in 293-323 K and it has been found that the reaction was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. On the other hand, equilibrium parameters have been investigated with Langmuir and Freundlich. The result of experimental data indicates that Langmuir equation fit better than the other.

126-140

Authors: Gül Kotan, Haydar Yüksek

In this study, 1-(morpholine-4-yl-methyl)-3-(p-methoxybenzyl)-4-(4-isopropylbenzylidenamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one molecule was optimized by using the B3LYP/HF 6-31G(d) and B3LYP/HF 6-311G(d) different two method. This optimized structure used to calculation of the various theoretical properties of the compounds. IR absorption frequencies of analyzed molecule were calculated by two methods. Then, they were compared with each other and experimental data, which are shown to be accurate. Infrared spectra were composed by using the data obtained from both methods. The veda4f program, was used in defining IR data, which were calculated theoretically. 1H NMR and 13C NMR isotropic shift values were calculated by the method of GIAO using the program package Gaussian G09W. Experimental and theoretical values were inserted into the graphic according to equation δ exp=a+b. δ calc. The standard error values were found via Sigma Plot program with regression coefficient of a and b constants. Additionally, bond angles, bond lengths, mulliken charges, the HOMO-LUMO energy, ELUMO-EHOMO energy gap (ΔEg), dipole moment, electronegativity (χ), electron affinity (A), global hardness (η), softness (S), ionization potential (I), chemical potential (Pi), electrophilic index(ω), Nucleophilic index (IP), total energy of the molecule and thermodynamic parameters of this compound was investigation by using the B3LYP/HF 6-31G(d) and B3LYP/HF 6-311G(d) basis sets.