International Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology Research

Number Vol. 1(1), 2013

9
A comparison of methods for estimating the mean annual runoff coefficient at ungauged stream in southwestern region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Authors: Abdel-Lattif , A. and Al- Shamrani M

Abstract

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Water plays an important role in the development of human society as it subjected to be used for various purposes, among which the domestic use deserves more attention in arid and semi arid regions. There are numerous methods used to calculate the runoff coefficient in the ungauged streams. The objective of this study is to create a simplified method to calculate the runoff coefficient, by comparing several methods concluded by different earth scientist in the ungauged streams. Hence, a relationship has been developed between runoff coefficients calculated from basin area to make correction for area as function for thirty seven catchments distributing in southwestern region of K.S.A. The comparison between the resulting runoff coefficient of these methods by statistical programming to produce Dendritic, diagram found that the measured runoff coefficient and runoff coefficient calculated from the new relation is located on the same similarity level 2 and put in the same class. Where the runoff coefficient resulted from other methods located at different similarity. Then according to the statistical results which indicate that measured runoff coefficient and calculated are of have the same similarity level and the same class which is very accurate than the other methods. Keywords: Annual runoff coefficient, Catchments area, Ungauged streams.

11
Investigation of Reclaimed Effluent Water from a Constructed Wetland Domestic Sewage Treatment Plant as Additional Source of Raw Water at the University of Lagos, Nigeria

Authors: Adeniran A. E., Aina A. T. and Oshunrinade O. O

Abstract

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Number of views: 417

The University of Lagos, Nigeria (Unilag) mainly depends on internal boreholes and municipal supply (the Lagos State Water cooperation) as sources of water supply to the University. While a number of boreholes serve as the source of raw water to the University's water treatment plants, the municipal water is pumped directly for distribution. In addition to water shortages that do arise occasionally from these sources, the combined quantities of the internal and municipal water supply are far below the current water demand of the University. In this study, we examined the quality and quantity of water reclaimed from the constructed wetland based domestic sewage treatment plant (CWDSTP), which has been further processed through slow sand filters (SSF), as possible source of additional raw water for the University Water Treatment plant. The study revealed that the reclaimed water from the CWDSTP further processed with the SSF is good enough for use as addition source of raw water and conform with both FEPA and WHO standard for water to be further processed for drinking with parameters such as pH, Turbidity, total dissolved solids, colour, iron, nitrate and E. coli. The study also confirms that some additional 385m3/day can be reprocessed from the reclaimed water. The study concludes that the reclaimed water from CWDSTP and SSF can be recycled as additional source of raw water to reduce the existing gap between water demand and supply in the University.