Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

7 - 16

Authors: Ahmad M. Tarek Jasser M.Jamil Al-hadethy

This research carried out in the laboratory of Technical Institute / Musayyib in 2011، has been tested six isolates local bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis on the first stage and the last of the larvae of a figs moth Ephestia cautela (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) reared on the artificial diets ، while treated control with water only. ، and took the percentage of mortality results after 2، 5، 8 days since results showed that the highest mortality rate of 96.6% on the eighth day in each of the isolates DE 1-8 and NA 2-1 and DE 2-3 when Concentration 1.2 × 106 spore /ml. While less kill ratio at treatment SL 4-1 in the concentration of 1.2 × 104 spore /ml، amounting to 23.3%. isolation DE 2-3 achieved the highest rate at 72.2% at the concentration 1.2 × 106 spore /ml. within eight days، while the lowest rate was 23.3% when isolation SL 4 -1 Concentration 1.2 × 104 spore /ml. The higher efficiency relative to Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria in the mortality of the last instar larvae of the insect fig moth Ephestia cautella rate has reached 34.7% in isolation DE 2-3 focus 1.2 × 106 after the fifth day، while less relative efficiency rate was 6.8% when SL 4-1 in isolation Focus 1.2 × 104 . The overlap between the concentration and the periods of isolation has achieved higher mortality in DE 2-3 at 46.8% at the concentration of 1.2 × 106 spore /ml after 5 days of treatment either at least it was 0.00% in isolation SL 4-1 at the concentration of 1.2 × 104 spore /ml after 2 days of treatment. As for the larvae that has not reached the stage of the pupae is observed that the lowest rate could not be reached 52.6 when isolation DE 2-3 focus 1.2 × 106 spore /ml . Which differed significantly from the treatment comparison، while the percentage larvae that could not is when isolation SL 4-1 in Focus 1.2 × 104 at 94%، which did not differ significantly from the treatment comparison، either adult that emerged from these pupae There was no significant effect on emergence percentage compared to the treatment of comparison where the lowest percentage rise of 88.8% when isolation AN 8-3 consecration 1.2 × 106 spore /ml while did not differ the rest of the other treatments for the of control mortality. The mortality efficiency was shown in the last larval instar compared to the first . Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis ، Ephestia cautella ، Biological Control . Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 7 ( 1 ) : 7– 16. ( 2015 ). ISRA impact factor 4.758. http://www.agriculmag.uodiyala.edu.iq http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=issueTOC&isId=4427&uiLanguage=en

44 - 54

Authors: K. M. Al-Azawi * A.A. Alarazah

A field experiment was carried out in one of Yousifia village fields – Baghdad Province to investigate the effect of dried sewage on accumulation of some trace elements in calcarious clay loam textured soil and their effect on the growth and yield of Lettuce plant using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) of triplicates. The experiment included two treatments ,the first one using mineral fertilizers and the second treatment is using mineral fertilizers with 40 ton.ha -1 of dried sewage sludge , mixed with soil to a depth of 30 cm. Mineral fertilizers were applied to all treatments in an average of 180, 220 and 80 kg.ha - 1 of Urea (46% N) , super phosphate (20% P) and Potassium sulphate (41% K) respectively. Lettuce were planted on 2/11/2012 and irrigated with a river water after consumption of 75% of available water. In 18/2/2013 the plants were harvested randomly from each replicate , fresh and dry weight measured . Soil and leaves samples from all treatments were taken for analysis. Results showed: Significant reduction in soil pH and significant increase in each of these parameters : Concentrations of some trace elements (Zn , Mn, Pb, Cd) extracted by DTPA , leaf content of N, P, K, Zn, Mn and Pb. Plant growth and yield, soil content of Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd while there was no effect on available cadmium concentration in soil or leaf content. In general the concentrations of trace elements were lower in soil and plant and did not reach the critical or toxic levels therefore there are no pollution by these elements in soil and plant. The results indicated the possibility of using sewage sludge as a good organic fertilizers in Iraqi calcareous soils without any pollution or accumumilation by trace elements in soil and plant. Key words : Sewage , sludge , Accumilation of trace elements , pollution Calcarious soil . Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 7 ( 1 ):44- 54 . ( 2015 ). ISRA impact factor 4.758. http://www.agriculmag.uodiyala.edu.iq http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=issueTOC&isId=4427&uiLanguage=en

63 - 71

Authors: A.M. Sultan* K.E. AL-allaaf** M.N. Abd-alqader

Field experiment was conducted to investigated the efficacy of tillage by chisel (Ch) or disk plow (Di) and herbicides by gramaxon (Gr.) or glyphosate (Gly) on controlling Cynodon dactylon at Hawiy location in the summer growth season 2012 in Nenavia province. The experiment was carried out as factorial experiment , the first factor was methods of weed control (plowing by Di or Ch one time ، Di or Ch two time with duration of 2 and 3 weeks، also Gr at 0.8 L/ha or Gly at 1.92 L/ha for one application ، Gr and Gly sprayed two times with duration 2 and 3 weeks after application. Weedy treatments with three time of taking plant samples were included. The second factor was the time of plant samples .The result showed that percentage of control was super pass in the time of plant samples. The percentage of control was 96.4% , 80.6% , 41.6% ,71.9% for treatments respectively . In general Di plowing was more effect on controlling C.dactylone than Gr. However Ch plowing in the second time of plant samples gave less effect on percentage of weed control (1.13%) with increasing number of plants (15.2 plant/m2 ),dry weight (317g/m2 )and moisture content in plants (473.2g/m2 ) if it compare with unwedded treatment . Key words: Cynodon dactylon , Herbicide , Chisel plow , Disc plow

87 - 101

Authors: Hadi A. M. Alsaidy* S. H. Sameer

This study was conducted in the Department of Plant Protection - College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad- Iraq, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of urea in degradation aflatoxin B1 in sunflower meal bio-available on broiler chickens type Fabro – CD. The Urea in concentration 5% caused the complete inhibition of the growth of fungus A. flavus and production of aflatoxin B1 and degradation it in sunflower meal. Results of bioassay proved that the presence of aflatoxin B1 at concentration 4.7 µg/g in sunflower meal in feed of chicken at one day age until 21 days caused significant reduction in chicken weight 12333, 286.67, and 360.0 gm and increased mortality 27% compared to the control treatment 186.67, 833.33 and 1066.67 gm and 0.0 respectively and weight of liver and spleen and gizzard 4.08, 0.19 and 8.96 gm/100gm compared to the control treatment 3.84,0.08and 6.53 gm/100gm and significant reduction in bursal fabricious weight and body weight 0.11 and 114.2 gm/100gm compared to the control treatment 0.16 and 270.4 gm/100 gm respectively. However , there was no significant difference in heart weight 0.90 compared to the control treatment 0.93.More ever , results showed that aflatoxin B1 caused significant reduction in blood characters , hemoglobin and number of red blood count RBC 5.29 gm/100gm and 1.81x10⁶ cell/ml³ measurement to the control treatment 8.78 gm/100gm and 2.39х10⁶ cell/ml³. However aflatoxin B1 achieved increase in number of white blood cell count WBC 22.96х10³ cell/ml³ and heterophills to lymphocytes ratio H : L was 0.47 measurement to the control treatment 19.48х10³ cell/ml³ and 0.24. Also , aflatoxin B1 changed the biochemical characteristics of blood , reduction in total protein , glucose and cholesterol 4.33, 1660.0 and 182.7 µg/100 ml and increased uric acid 9.67 gm/100ml compared to the control treatment 5.73, 176.7 and 192.7 µg/100 ml and 4.27 gm/100ml respectively with reduction of albumins (Pre-alb. , albumin , Post- alb.) 1.61,17.43and 16.43% and globulins ( α , β , and γ globulin ) 13.66, 7.64 and 19.57% and transferrine 8.26% compared to the control treatment 2.51, 24.88 and 20.73% and 15.26, 11.55 and 25.65% and 10.11% respectively. As well as reduce the effectiveness of the enzymes GOT, GPT and ALP 67.3, 4.5 and 25.4 IU/ml compared to the control treatment 104.3, 9.8 and 32.4 IU/ml. Aflatoxin B1 reduced significantly moister and protein of liver 70.32 and 15.66% compared to control 77.00 and 17.76% and increased lipid ratio 11.78% with no difference in ratio of carbohydrates and ash 1.03 and 1.21% compared to the control treatment 5.98, 1.04 and 1.22% respectively. The urea 5% showed a significant improvement in the all studied characters and reduce the negative effect of aflatoxin B1 in broiler chickens. Key words: Sunflower meal, Aflatoxin B1,Urea and Broiler chickens. part of thesis for first author . Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 7 ( 1 ):87-101. ( 2015 ). ISRA impact factor 4.758. http://www.agriculmag.uodiyala.edu.iq http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=issueTOC&isId=4427&uiLanguage=en

121 - 132

Authors: MAKKIYAH KADHIM ALAG

A field experiment was conducted at farm of Field Crops Dept., College of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad- Iraq, during the seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 to study the effect of spraying (MS) nutrition solution and boron only or together during the important stages of the plant faba beans the growth, yield and quality. A split plot on in with R. C. B. D. distribution was three replicats. Levels of boron used 0,200, 400 mg.L-1 .they were assigned to the main plots. While the number of spraying in three intervals (spray the plants with water only) and the treatment of two spray times before flowering and at flowering 25% and the treatment three spray times before and at flowering 25% and flowering 50% were assigned as sub plots. The results showed a significant effect of the number of times spraying (MS) nutrition solution on plant height, biological yield, chlorophyll content, fertility rate, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed weight, seed yield, protein and carbohydrates content, except Width pod in both seasons. The treatment that was sprayed two time give the highest plant 52.82و 63.33cm, number of branches. plant -1 5.03و 9.00 branch plant, biological yield 10.77و 14.16 t.ha - 1 , chlorophyll content of 53.23 and 56.26 (Mu.gm.cm - 1 ) 2 number of pods per plant 6.06و 12.00 Pod ،seed weight 1312 و 1299mg, total seed yield 6.56 and 6.97t.ha - 1 , ratio of protein 26.26و 25.84% and carbohydrate 24.25و 25.01% for two seasons respectively. While the treatment that was sprayed three times gave the longest pods 18.19و 16.22cm ،fertility rate 8.12و 13.33%، number of seeds.Pod-1 .,4.57و 3.78 for two seasons respectively, harvest index 63.12% for the first season only. Significantly influenced levels of boron and interaction in most traits, except width Pod in both seasons. The results showed that the highest seed yield 7.37و 8.80 t.ha 1- of significant interaction between two sprays times of (MS) nutrition solution with concentration of 200 mg.L-1 of the boron during two seasons respectively. Key words: (MS) Nutrient solution ،Boron،Faba bean.، yield، quality. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 7 ( 1 ):121-132.( 2015 ). ISRA impact factor 4.758. http://www.agriculmag.uodiyala.edu.iq http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=issueTOC&isId=4427&uiLanguage=en

148 - 159

Authors: Abdul-Salam Gh. Al-Alwan Shakir H. Aday Dakhil R. Ndewi

A study was carried out on the compound subsoil plow with moldboard which designed at the department of Agricultural machines and equipment, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah by adding the mold board plow to the subsoil plow to operate co-ordinately within the compound subsoil plow. Two types of plows were used , subsoil plow alone after removal of moldboard plow with three singular treatments for tillage depths S30 , S40 and S50 and subsoil plow with six double treatments for tillage depths S30M20, S40M20, S40M30, S50M20, S50M30 and S50M40 into silty clay soil with two moisture levels. Soil moistures were (1) 18.01% and (2) 27.34%, to study the drag force that the plow requires and the area of disintegrated soil to evaluate the field performance. Results showed a significant increase in drag force which reached 44.29 and 71.07% for both plows respectively, when tillage depth increased from 30 to 50 cm. Soil moisture 2 was superior on 1 in drag force. The double combinations of compound subsoil plow (S30M20, S40M20, S40M30, S50M20, S50M30 and S50M40) surpassed the singular treatments (S30, S40 and S50) in the area of disintegrated soil for all tillage depth and both soil moistures. The area of integrated soil was higher with the lower soil moisture. To obtain better mechanical assembly for plow, the compound subsoil plow gave the best field performance with deeper tillage depths with soils of lower moisture contents. Key words: combined subsoil plow with moldboard, double treatments, drought force, disturbed area. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 7 ( 1 ):148-159. ( 2015 ). ISRA impact factor 4.758. http://www.agriculmag.uodiyala.edu.iq http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=issueTOC&isId=4427&uiLanguage=en

174 - 188

Authors: AZIZ M. A. Al-Shammary

Implemented a field experiment in the area of AL-Salam- Diyala province during the growing season in 2013 to study the effect of genotype and fertilizer liquid organic in growth and yield, and included workers; first cultivation of four genotypes of sweet peppers, imported recently to Iraq, E 41 Dutch origin of the company Enzazaden; Louay The source of the company imported Al-Reef AI-khadra Baghdad; Denver comes from Holland; Gedeon and originating from India, and the second Foliar nutrient and organic ensures acid of Humic concentration of 75 ml per 100 liters of water which is produced by Humin Tech German, and compost vegetable Alga cefo 3000 concentration of 300 g / 100 liters of a production company Sipho Italian, and treatment comparison (sprayed with distilled water only). Applied according to experience cutting system dissident Split plot in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and contained 12-treatment and three replications. Seedlings planted permanent place on 23 \ 3 \ 2013, and use a drip irrigation system. Seemed to spray fertilizer after two weeks of Agriculture and adopted at a rate of one workshop in every ten days to the end of the crop. The results showed marked by genotype Denver qualities along the germination and the number of branches and number of fruits and average fruit weight and yield / plant and total yield, while characterize genotype E41 qualities stem diameter and average fruit weight and percentage of total soluble solids and vitamin C, and characterize the genotype Louay qualities plant height and thickness of the leg. Excelled pepper plants treated manure Alga cefo 3000 qualities yield / plant and total yield and average fruit weight and the proportion of total dissolved solids and vitamin C, Panama characterized treatment plant fertilizer Humic length of the plant, number of branches and stem diameter and number of fruits. Key words : pepper, organic fertilization, foliar spraying, yield. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 7 ( 1 ):174-188. ( 2015 ). ISRA impact factor 4.758. http://www.agriculmag.uodiyala.edu.iq http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=issueTOC&isId=4427&uiLanguage=en

202 - 216

Authors: Othman Kalid Alwan AL-mfargy* Faisal Moafaq Mazher AL-mfargy

This study was conducted evaluation to the genetic parameters for seven genotypes of tomato.( Lycopersicun esculentum.Mill) are: (local, Polaris, SG112, Sumaya, Red Rock, Sun, Mercar) under the effect of three types of fertilizers are: (poultry manure, Alheiomk compounds, chemical fertilizers) in Diyala governorate during the 2012 spring planting season, according to Strip- Plot Design with three replications to study the genotype effect and types of fertilizer in the yield characters of quantitative and qualitative. and some genetic parameters . The results of the variance analysis showed significant differences between the mean for all varieties squares studied characters and the superiority of the product Mercar genotype plant gave the being of 4.788 kg / plant, and significant effect between the types of fertilizers for all characters except for firmness and total acidity. As the interaction between genotype and types of fertilizers no significant effect for all characters and yield highest per plant was 7.348 kg / plant when the interaction with poultry manure cultivar Mercar. The broad sense heritability was high for all characters except (TSS), which was medium. It also showed the genetic variation and phenotypic difference significant for all characters except (TSS) of the genetic variation, while the differences did not significant for environmental variation for all characters . The percentage of genetic improvement was expected for the high qualities of the average fruit weight and number of fruits and ratio of soluble solids TSS and the degree of firmness and the average for the rest of characters. It was not the genetic correlation between moral qualities while the link environmental and positive treatment effect between the number of fruits and yield of plant and better correlation phenotypic was negative and significant treatment effect between the number of fruits and average fruit weight . Al-mafargy&Al-mafargy Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 7 ( 1 )202 – 216 ,2015    Key words: genetic variation, genetic improvement, heritability yield , fertilization, tomato Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 7 ( 1 )202-216. ( 2015 ). ISRA impact factor 4.758. http://www.agriculmag.uodiyala.edu.iq http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=issueTOC&isId=4427&uiLanguage=en

230 - 242

Authors: A.H.A . AL-Wagga

A field experiment was carried out in Diyala province / Al-Muqdadiya district during growing season 2011-2012.The aim of present study was to control Imperata cylindrical L. grown in pomes grant orchard using glyphosate in two application methods, first by knapsack spryer in rate (1.8kg ai/ h) and the second use rope-wick wiper technique in different rate (1 L herbicide diluted with water from 1- 6 L ). The experiment was set out as factorial design in randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed superiority T2(1:1 )(herbicide: water ) in killing degree up 6.24 ,and T2(1: 1herbicide : water) and T3 (1:2 herbicide : water) gave less average in percentage of regrowth caused and go we 8.16,7.87 respectively Time periods 60 and 90 day after control high killing degree up 5.02 , 5.03 and reduce percentage of regrowth up to 6.45 ,6.68 respectively .Moreover the efficacy of glyphosate in weed continue until 360 day after application . as well caused significant effect in reducing height Imperata cylindrica L. the T5(1:4 herbicide : water ) gave less height 74.33cm. and T2,T4,T5 gave reduction in dry weight 127.00,125.67and 129.67 gm/m², respectively. T4 gave less dry weight of rhizomes 141.33 gm/m², and with wipe technique get good and satisfactory result specially T2(1:1 herbicide : water ) which gave 68.11 % control compared with T8 (1.8kg ai/ h)as application spray 49.62%. Key words: Imperata cylindrica L , Glyphosate ,Chemical control , Herbicides methods application . Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 7 ( 1 ):230-242. ( 2015 ). ISRA impact factor 4.758. http://www.agriculmag.uodiyala.edu.iq http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=issueTOC&isId=4427&uiLanguage=en

255 - 266

Authors: Bassim Hussein Farhan Abdul -Amir Th . Salih

Implemented field experiment to grow the crop sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) class Ingath of the autumn season 2012 in the fields of the General Company for Horticulture and Forestry- Zaafaraniya / Ministry of Agriculture , south of Baghdad. In the soil of silty clay according to design were arranged in a split-plot design with three replications, which included major treatment proportions of moisture depletion as added irrigation water after depleting 50%, 70%, 90% of available water to plant, and included secondary plots the depth of the irrigated zone is D1 (0-30 cm) from the beginning of planting to the harvest and the second depth D2 (0-10 cm) from agriculture to the beginning of the vegetative growth stage, then increase depth of irrigated zone (0-20 cm) to the beginning of flowering, and (0-30 cm) to the end of physiological maturity. This experiment is designed to study the effect of the proportions of moisture depletion and the depth of irrigated zone on the plant growth of sorghum and estimate the water consumption of the crop under conditions of Iraq center . Calculated the amount of water added for each irrigate for compensate depletion moisture during the growing season, depending on measurements of the water content weighted method . Estimate the actual water consumption by measuring the water content of the soil after irrigation and before next irrigate on the length of the growing season. Calculate reference evapotranspiration By the Penman-Monteith modified equation . Calculate the crop coefficient (Kc) , the yield response factor (Ky) and field water use efficiency (WUEf) and crop water use efficiency (WUEc) . Has been studying factor of yield of the main results can be summarized that have been obtained, including the following: The highest grains yield (6428) kg.h-1 from at treatment of T1D1, and reached less yield grains (3622) kg.h-1 at treatment of T3D2. The treatment T1D1gave highest bio-yield reached 25.187 ton.h-1 and the T3D2 treatment gave the less bio-yield 11.578 ton.h-1 . Moisture depletion treatments , depth of the irrigated zone and the interaction between them didn't have a significant impact on (WUEc , WUEf) , treatment T2D2gave the highest value of WUEc , WUEf reached to (1.06, 1.09) kg of grain.m-3 respectively, while the treatment T3D2given lower value to WUEc , WUEf reached to (0.88, 0.92) kg of grain.m-3 , respectively . treatment T3 gave the highest value of yield response factor Ky reached (1.05 to 1.21) for D1 and D2, respectively. This means that these two treatments were more sensitive to the deficit of irrigation from the rest abc8976@yahoo.com Farhan & Salih Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 7 ( 1 ) 255–266,2015   of the other treatments that Ky values have ranged between (0.63 to 0.87). Key words : depletion moisture , Irrigated Zone Depth, water consumption Coefficient ,sorghum . , Water use efficiency , Yield Response, Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 7 ( 1 ): 255 – 266. ( 2015 ). ISRA impact factor 4.758. http://www.agriculmag.uodiyala.edu.iq http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=issueTOC&isId=4427&uiLanguage=en

195-204

Authors: AHMED A.J.JASIM NABIL J. KADHUM HUSSAIN A. FARRAJ

ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted on vegetable field - Horticulture Department – College of Agriculture -Abu Graib , Tomato (Hybrid Jenan) cultivated in spring season of 2012 , A factorial experiment with randomize completely blocks design with three replicates and twenty four treatment, phosphate fertilizer was added from TSP source on four levels (0,40,80 and 120 Kg P.h-1 ) ,three levels (0 , 6 and 12 Ton .h-1 ) from organic matter (ground corn cobs composting )and two levels of biofertilizer ,Mycorrhizae source (G. mossea ) (with or without),All fertilizers was added in soil mixture .The experimental results showed that all fertilizers applied significantly affected on early and total fresh fruit yield , fruit weight and number. Data showing the early and total fresh fruit yield high value was 42.93 and 50.08 Megagram.h-1 respectively .also the results showed a high value for the number of fruit was 9.00 fruit .plant -1 and the percentage of increases 110.77% compared to that of control . and the level 40 Kg P.h-1 with 12 Ton .h-1 with inoculation gave the highest value for fruit weight (111.51 g.fruit -1 ). Keywords : T.S.P.,ground cob corn manure , mycorrhizae,tomato plant . Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 6 ( 2 ) 195 – 204,2014

1-8

Authors: Mahbuba A.GH. Mustafa Muhammad Sulaiman Lajan Salahaddin

ABSTRACT In this experiment we study the effect of acetic acids on the performance of broiler chickens. A total of one day old broiler chicks 215 of Cobb-500 strain and 215 of Ross-308 strain were distributed randomly into 3 treatments and 3 replicates. Broiler chickens in control group (T1) were drinking only tap water, T2 and T3 were added 1% and 2% acetic acid mixed in drinking tap water. The results showed significantly increase (P<0.05) in body weight, body weight gain, better feed conversion, Villi height and crypt depth of (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and Lactobacillus content when added acetic acid 1% and 2% in the treatments T2 and T3 respectively in the both strains Ross-300 and Cobb-500 as compared with T1 (control), While, the results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in mortality, Enterococcus and E. Coli content in the treatments T2 and T3 for both strains especially T3 when added 2% acetic acid to drinking water. While, there were non- significant effect between the two strains (Ross-308 and Cobb-500). Keywords: acetic acid; water; broiler; performance; histological Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal,6(1):1-8.

11 - 21

Authors: E.Al- Rawi , M. N. SALH

ABSTRACT This study was conducted in the Al-Rasheida station, Mosul, public agricultural research to estimate the effect of adding the Nigella sativa seeds and Fenugreek seeds individually or jointly in the ration on the production of milk, its chemical composition , growth of lambs, and some blood parameters on ewes, in the last period of pregnancy, fifteen days before birth, was chosen 32 pregnant ewes comparable ages (3-4 years) and weights (48.45 ±1.58 kg), animals were distributed to four groups and fed on four rations equal in crude protein and energy, but they differ in the proportion of seed used, first ration (control) the second ration (Nigella sativa seeds ) the third ration (fenugreek seeds) and the fourth ration (Nigella sativa seeds + fenugreek seeds) to end of lactation season and very dry ewes. The results indicated high significant (P ≤ 0.05) in the production of milk and protein, and lambs weights in third ration (Fenugreek seeds) and fourth (fenugreek seeds + Nigella Sativa seeds) while outperformed ration second ( Nigella Sativa seeds) significantly in milk fat, also did not notice the presence of significant differences of the impact of the medicinal plants of red blood cells , white , hemoglobin concentration packed cell volume percentage. Key words: medical plants, ewes, milk production, Haematological. The citation for article : Al-Rawi E. and M. N. Salh . 2014 .EFFECT OF FEEDING SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE RATION ON PRODUCTIVE OF DAIRY AND SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS OF AWASSI EWES.Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 6 ( 1 ): 11-21.

30-38

Authors: Nada Suheel Ahmad MAZEN KAREAM EBTEHAL HAMED NSAYF

ABSTRACT In this study was used diode lasers to kill Escherichia coli.Two types of diode laser have been used. The first one 3-watt 810 nm wavelength and the second 7 watt wavelength 1064 nm. Irradiation of samples was taken place from the physiological saline containing the Escherichia coli in three sizes 0.3,0.2, 0.1 cm ³ in test tubes of size 0.5 cm³. Samples were irradiated at different periods of time for each laser. The results showed that after each irradiation a highest kill of 100% of the bacteria occurred by used laser diode (3 W) through a period of 20 minutes. In the diode laser (7 W) a recording of the highest kill rate of 100% has been obtained in 1.5 min period. Key words: laser diode ,kill bacteria . Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal,6(1):30-38.

53-64

Authors: M.J.AL-LAYLA

ABSTRACT The experiment was carried out at the Field of Agric.& Forestry \ Duhok University during two seasons (2011,2012). General and specific combining abilities were evaluated for estimating their effects and reciprocal effect. Gene action a heritability for yield its components within the method of a full – diallel crosses among four varieties of faba bean v1Z: -(1) Spain, (2) Turkish ,(3) Italy and (4) local variety and their F1, hybrids. Using Randomized complete block design with three replication ,according Griffing,(1956)and Hayman,(1954) methods . The results showed that general and specific combining ability was significant for most studied characters. The reciprocal effect was significant for all studied characters . The result also showed that the components of SCA was higher than the GCA variance for all studied character except protein percentage, it can be predicated for non additive gene action for this characters. Broad sense heritability was high for all the characters, while narrow sense heritability was higher for number of branch\plant, number of seed\plant , seeds yield| plant and protein percentage ,which indicate additive gene action for these characters . Average degree of dominance were higher more than one for all characters except number of branch\plant, number of seeds\pod, this indicated over dominance control for these character. Key words: General and Specific ability , Heritability ,Faba bean. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 6(1):53-64.

76-88

Authors: Kamal B. Esho Majid K. AL- Kumar Jaladet M. S. Jubrael

ABSTRACT This study was carried out during (2010/2011) growing season in the Vegetative Field Research, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design , College of Agriculture and Forestry , Mosul University . The aim study of this research was to study Diallel Analysis using Hayman Method to study genetic architecture of yield and it's component in Peas (Pisum sativum L.) . Seven genetic line peas were used in this study namely (1=G.S.C.22763 , 2=P.S.305301572 , 3= Thomas Laxton , 4= Solara, 5=Pitet Provael , 6= Duna Pea , 7= English) . These genotypes were crossed in all possible combinations (Full Diallels Cross) . The seeds of seven parents and their F1's including reciprocals. Using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replication . The following traits were studies : number of days to 50% flowering , number of flowers per plant, number of days for dry pods, numbers of pods per plant, 100 seeds weight , pod weight and the total seeds yield per donum. Results showed that the value of ( a, b1 , b2 , and b3) were significantly for all characters except for pod weight , the √ H1/D was les than one for the number of flowers per plant and 100 seeds weight , the value of (p¯q¯) was les than 0.25 for all traits except for pod weight , the value of KD/KR was more than one for the number of days to 50% flowering , number of flowers per plant , number of pods per plant and total seeds yield per donum . The broad sense heritability was higher for all characters except the number of days to 50%flowering and pod weight , the line regression between (Wr/Vr) was cut the head line over the original point for all characters. Key words : Architecture , peas , Hayman method , yield component Part of Ph . D. of the first researcher. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 6(1):76-88.

101-115

Authors: Bahaa Al-Hadethi Ashrf Mhmed Shref ALazawi

ABSTRACT Pots factorial experiment of three factors was carried out ,using sterilized silty clay loam soil ,under RCBD. the experiment included (36) experimental units of a combination of bio- inoculate Mycorrhiza , G.mosseae , in two treatments [M0]with out fertilization ,and [M1] with fertilization ,and bio fertilizers consists of A. niger of two treatments [A0] with out fertilization and [A1] with fertilization , in one source of phosphorous , the rock phosphate three levels [P0] with out fertilization , [P1] application of full fertilizers recommendation of Rock phosphate , [P2] double of the fertilizers recommendation of the rock phosphate , in three replicates . A. niger was isolated and diagnosed, using 2 fungal isolates in different areas ( taji, abu ghraib) the most efficient isolate of solublizing phosphorous in rock phosphate in Martins Medium for fungi was chosen and used as bio fertilizer in the experiment . Mycorrhiza was collected from the (Ministry of science and Tecnology) that consists of (spores + infected mycorrhizal roots and dry soil) . Results showed that there was a significant increase in plants heights ,shoots dry weight when bio fertilizers applied individually or as group . they showed highest values in the first period of growth (branching ) when bio fertilizers applied in an interacted way (G.mosseae and Aspergillus niger) where values of plant heights were (14,15) cm and the dry weight of shoot system were (7.40,7.80) gm/pot when addition the equivalent recommendation of fertilizers and double recommendation of fertilizers of rock phosphate respectively . also, the application of fungal bio fertilizers individually and pairly led to a significant increase in the shoot system of phosphorous (0.2035,0.2218)% and phosphorous in soil (20.76,29.52)mg kg-1 . the highest values were in the first growth period (branching stage) when double bio fertilizers applied and addition equivalent recommendation of the fertilizers and double recommendation of fertilizers rock phosphate respectively ., wheat roots infection ratios were increased significantly when fungi available with same of (G.mosseae and A. niger ) as compared to the application of Mycorrhiza individually ,while results showed a decrease in the infection ratio in wheat plants roots when recommendation and double recommendation of rock phosphate application . Key Words : Mycorrhiza , Aspergillus niger , Rock Phosphate , Wheat , Calicerous Soil . Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal,6(1):101-115.

125-139

Authors: Shamil Y.Hassan AL-Hamdany

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of eight varieties of Peas (Pisum sativum L.) viz, (Carina ، Early on World ، English ، Granger ، Green Feast ، Jof ، Little Marvel and Major).The experiment was carried out in the Field Dept. of Hort. & Landscape Design, College of Agric. & Forestry , Mosul University , during growing seasons 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 , were sowing by using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications. To study genetic , phenotype variations , heritability and expected genetic advance and determine phenotypic and genotypic correlation for studied characters. Combined analysis results exhibited significant differences that the mean squares varieties between the two growing seasons for all the studied characters. A significant varieties x year interaction effect was found for all the studied characters except the number of pods/plant , pod length and 100 seed weight. The results showed that the mean varieties were differed significantly for all the studied characters , Little Marvel variety was highly superior for green , dry pods yield , seeds yield and biological yield. There was a high genetic variation for number of pods/plant , for green , dry pods yield , seeds yield and biological yield. High heritability for pod length , number of seeds/pod , 100 seed weight , green , dry pods yield and seeds yield , which means that most of the phenotype variation between varieties was due to genetic. High expected genetic advance for number of pods/plant 100 seed weight , green , dry pods yield and seeds yield. The higher phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found between dry pods yield and seeds yield. Key words: Peas (Pisum sativum L.) , Genetic Variability , Genetic Advance , Heritability , Yield. Diyal Agricultural Sciences Journal, 6(1):125-139.

152-158

Authors: A.K. Hmood * H. A. Salim E.H. Dhereb N.H. Kaab

ABSTRACT This study was carried out in plant diseases laboratory Diyala agriculture directorate during season 2011 to evaluate licorice extract and sodium hypochloride and uses different packages on qualitative characters on onion that storage in temperature 13-31C and humidity 52-75 % The results of this study showed superior treatments of AlFal + sodium hypo chloride and AlFal + licorice extract in reduces weight loss percent which reached 8.55 , 9.97 % respectively and reduces damage percent which reached 13.55 ,14.97 % respectively after (14) days from storage of onion and prolong storage period of onion which reached 18 days Key words : Licorice ,Onion storage ,Packaging, Sodium Hypochloride Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 6(1):152-158.

172-178

Authors: Harith B. Abdulrhman

ABSTRACT This study was carried out in the agricultural station of the horticultural and landscape department / College of Agriculture/ Tikrit University, during the season of 2010 to study the effect of spraying nutrition Alga 600 (with the concentration of control, 4ml/ltr, and 6ml/ltr) and variety local and foreign on the growth yield of radish. RCBD design were used as an experimental factor in three replications. The results showed that spraying Alga 600 by 4 and 6 ml/ 1tr caused a significant increased in most properties studied as compared with control treatment . Concerning variety, it has been noticed that the local variety showed significant increase in most properties studied as compared with the foreign variety. The interaction between spraying Alga 600 and the variety of the whole properties give a significant results as compared with the control treatment. Keywords: SPRAYING, ALGA 600, VARIETY, RADISH Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 6(1):172-178.

187-201

Authors: Hussien Aziz Mohammad

ABSTRACT This study was carried out during fall season of ( 2012-2013) at experimental field , Horticulture Department , College of Agriculture – University of Diyala, to study the moisture depletion concentrations of Potassium and Boron applied on foliar on Plant height ,leaf area, grain yield, proline and protein contend of faba bean (Vicia faba, L.) cultivar (Babylon). The layout of the experiments was Split- split plot design as RCBD with three replicates. Three concentration of Potassium 4500 ,5000 ,5500mgK.L-1 added as K2SO4 (41%K)and three concentrations of Boron 0 , 300 , 350 mgB.L-1 used Boric acid (17.4%B) and three periods of irrigation after25,50,75% depletion of available water . Foliar application were applied at three times during of plant growth. Results drawn from this experiment are summarized as follows: The differ significantly in all of characters with increasing Potassium concentrations . Plant height ,leaf area and grain yield increased with the second level of Boron concentration (5000) mgB.L-1. . The differ were significantly between Potassium levels and water stress levels in most of characters. Plant height ,leaf area and grain yield increased with the interaction between water stress levels x the second Boron levels . Also the most of characters were significantly influenced by interaction between moisture levels x Potassium and boron concentrations . Boron did not effect the proline and protein content , proline and protein increase with water stress. Key words : Boric acid, proline and water stress. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 6(1):187-201.

215-225

Authors: SHAKER, A. T. ABDULLAH, A. S.

ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted out at the field of college Agriculture and Forestry at two agricultural seasons 2009 – 2010 and 2010 – 2011 in clay loam soil. The aim of the present research is to study the effect of two varieties: RPG902 and Bristo, and two tillage systems: minimum tillage (at the depth 8 – 10 cm) using a disk harrow and convential tillage (at the depth 18 – 20 cm) using mold board plow, and three mulching levels: control (without mulching), mulching with 2000 and 4000 kg.ha -1 wheat straw, on the growth and yield of rapeseed. The experiment was laid out as factorial experiment in split – plot design with three replicates. The tillage system engaged the main – plots, whereas two varieties and mulching considered as sub – plots. The result of two seasons reveled that minimum tillage and mulching with wheat straw showed a greater water retention capacity with low bulk density and high soil porosity compared with convential tillage and without mulching treatments, this led to improved soil structure and plant growth. The following characters were significant surpass: no. siliqua / plant, 1000 seed wt. , seed yield and oil percentage affected by RPG902 variety. The previous characters were also surpass at the minimum tillage except for 1000 seed wt. . using mulching with wheat straw led to significant increase in most of characters studied. The highest no. Siliqua / plant, seed yield and oil percentage were achieved by interaction RPG902 variety with minimum tillage for both seasons, whereas interaction minimum tillage with straw mulching gave a significant increase in the No. siliqua / plant and seed yield for the first growing season only. Key words: Varieties, tillage system, soil mulching, yield and yield component, rapeseed. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 6(1):215-225.

239-250

Authors: Ali G. Zaidan Sadoon F. Khater Eskander H. Ali

ABSTRACT The study aimed to identify the cost structure functions estimate costs and economies of scale for the production of honey bees. The results showed an analysis of the cost structure of honey production variable costs accounted for approximately 43.3% of total costs accounted for feeding on the most important by 33.2%, while fixed costs are formed 56.7% of the total costs, such as family work the important by paragraphs 63.35%. The results of quantitative analysis that cost function Cube long-run is most appropriate for relationship adopted in study according to tests of statistical and standard, economic, The results showed size of production optimization 522.2 Kg , size best about 55 beehive. The estimated elasticity of costs, amounted 1 achieved at optimal level of production 522.2 kg. Were calculated as the minimum price 16195 JD / kg. was derived function supply in long -run, shown that is a positive relationship between quantity supplied of honey bees and price, when price is greater than 16195 JD. and results the show the average cost decreases until it reaches to optimal level of production while proportion economies of scale achieved to the maximum value 100% at optimal level of production .average cost and flexibility equal zero to the level of production optimization. Keywords: bees, the costs of production function honey. Economies of scale. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal,6(1):239-250.

92-103

Authors: K. H. Hassan Ahmad A. Ahmad Thana A. Dawood Noor K. Fadil

ABSTRACT This study was conducted in Animal Resources Dept. – College of Agriculture – University of Diyala during the period 1 Feb. to 8 April 2013 , aimed to determine dress percentage , some relative weight of carcass parts( include breast , thigh and back ) , some vital organs( heart , liver ) at various ages in Japanese quail in Iraq. The study use 100 one day old chicks , the study slaughtered random sample of them consist of 70 birds , as 20 , 20 , 15 , 15 birds in 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 week of age respectively , and the measurements taken in each age and the correlation coefficients were calculated among the various measurements . The results indicated that, the age has highly significant effect in body weight , carcass weight , intestine length , also there was significant effect of age in thigh weight . The sex has significant effect in body weight , dress percentage , intestine length , liver weight , back weight , there were highly significant effectof the interaction between age and sex in body weight and carcass weight , while there was significant effect of this interaction in relative weight of liver. There were highly significant correlation coefficients among all measurements included in the study. Key words: Japanese quail , dress percentage , carcass parts , vital organs . Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal , 5(2):92-103. 2013