Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

1 - 8

Authors: Engeldal SEC, Subandriyo ., Handiwirawan E, Noor RR

Placing animals in cages with certain density and good grouping were two important aspects needed in intensive livestock production system to produce optimal production and animal welfare. The objective of this study was to examine effect of stocking density, breed and elapse of time on behaviour of newly regrouped, unacquainted adult rams from three sheep breeds i.e. Barbados Blackbelly Cross, Local Garut and Composite Garut, as possible factor causing variation in welfare status. Instantaneous scan sampling was used for recording sheep behaviour at three different stocking densities. Thirty-six adult rams were used in this research and divided into three groups (n = 12) on the basis of breed. At each stocking density four rams of the same breed were observed during two consecutive days. The recorded behaviours were agonistic-, self-care-, exploratory-, aberrant-, mating-, locomotive- and standing behaviour. The results showed that during the entire experiment agonistic behaviour was observed at the highest frequency. Stocking density was found to have a significant effect on exploratory-, locomotive- and standing behaviour. The effect of breed was found to cause significant differences in agonistic-, self-care-, aberrant- and mating behaviour. Significant differences were also found between day 1 and day 2 of regrouping for agonistic-, exploratory, self-care- and mating behaviour. It is concluded that the three breeds do differ in their behavioural reactions to different stocking density levels and time needed for adaptation after regrouping. Key Words: Sheep, Stocking Density, Behaviour, Animal Welfare

17 - 26

Authors: Syahruddin E, Herawaty E, Yoki

This study was aimed to determine the right level of vitamin C in extracted pineapple rind to prevent heat stress effects so it does not interfere with the performance of broiler chickens. This study was done in a series of field experiments. Experiments in the field/cage was biological test of the effect of vitamin C from pineapple rind on production responses (percentage of body weight gain and carcass) and physiological responses (thyroxine hormone levels) in broiler chicken aged 3 weeks as many as 360 of Strain Arbor acress. The basic design used was CRD 3 x 4 factorial models and 3 replications with 10 chickens for each box, as factor 1: Room temperature (21 : 27 and 33ºC), and factor II: level of vitamin C in the pineapple rind (0:500:1000 and 1500 ppm). The data obtained were statistically analyzed using SAS program package, and if it showed any significant effect then followed by Duncans test/DMRT. Variables measured were body weight gain, carcass percentage and levels of thyroxine hormone of broiler. Results showed that addition of pineapple rind containing 500 ppm vitamin C in the drinking water reduced heat stress in chicken that were kept at temperature of 27ºC, while at 33ºC needed 1000 ppm vitamin C. Both treatments increase level of thyroxine hormone, produce weight gain equal to control, more over, there was no effect on the percentage of carcasses. Key Words: Ananas comosus L. Merr, Vitamin C, Tyrosine, Anti-Stress, Broiler Chickens

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Authors: Purba M, Ketaren PP, Laconi EB, Wijaya CH

An experiment was conducted to identify the effectivity of antioxidant supplemented in ration for fat and fatty acid consentration and sensory quality of male local duck meat. Two hundred and eighty day old ducks (dod) reared for ten weeks were allotted to either one of 10 treatments in 4 replications with 7 ducks/replication for each treatment. The treatments were: (R0) basal-diet (RB) without antioxidant (control); (R1) RB+50 ppm santoquin (Sq)+100 IU vitamin E (VE); (R2) RB+50 ppm Sq+200 IU VE; (R3) RB+50 ppm Sq+300 IU VE; (R4) RB+100 ppm Sq+100 IU VE; (R5) RB+100 ppm Sq+200 IU VE; (R6) RB+100 ppm Sq+300 IU VE; (R7) RB+150 ppm Sq+100 IU VE; (R8) RB+150 ppm Sq+200 IU VE; (R9) RB+150 ppm Sq+300 IU VE. The experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with one of the treatments as a control and the others were with antioxidants supplementations. The variables observed were: fat concentration, fatty acid composition and concentration, as well as sensory quality (off odor intensity and description values) in male duck meat. Result showed that Sq+VE supplementation could reduce fat content in duck meat. R1 and R4 were the best level to reduce fat contents in fresh meat, but in boiled meat R8 and R9 treatment was the best. Total composition and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids were higher then those of saturated fatty acids. The fatty acid concentrations of linoleat (C18:2) and arakidonat (C20:4) increased parareled with the antioxidant supplementations in fresh and boiled duck meat. Sq and VE supplementations significantly decreased (P<0,05) intensity off odor (fishy odor) in fresh or boiled duck meat, and 50 ppm Sq+100 IU VE or 100 ppm Sq+100 IU VE was the best treatment to reduce the intensity off odor (fishy odor)on fresh meat, while 150 ppm Sq+200 IU VE or 150 ppm Sq+300 IU VE was on boiled duck meat. It is concluded that lipid oxidation was effectively protected by Sq+VE supplementations resulted is reduced intensity off odor, while the sensory quality of local duck meat increased. Key Words: Local Duck, Antioxidants, Carcass, Fatty Acids, Off Odor, Sensory

54 - 62

Authors: Kostaman T, Yusuf TL, Fahrudin M, Setiadi MA

Avian primordial germ cell (PGCs) show a unique migration pathway during early development. During the early embryonic development, as soon as the formation of blood vessels, PGCs enter the circulatory system and migrate to the gonadal primordial. The aim of this study was to examine the number of circulated-PGCs from Gaok chicken at different developmental stages of embryo. One hundred fertile eggs were divided into 5 groups and incubated in a portable incubator at 38oC and humidity 60%. Hatching was set according to the embryonic development stage between 14-18. The blood collection was done through the dorsal aorta using micropipette under microscope. The collected blood was grouped based on the embryonic stages and placed on a 1.5 ml eppendorf tube which had been filled with 1.000 µl of Calcium and Magnesium-free phosphate buffered saline (PBS -). The PGCs were then purified using nycodenz density gradient centrifugation. The results showed that the average number of circulated-PGCs per embryo from Gaok chicken were significantly affected by the stage of embryonic development (P < 0.05). The number of circulated-PGCs at stages 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 were 42.8 ± 8.9, 51.0 ± 5.8, 37.6 ± 5.9, 32.8 ± 3.6 and 32.6 ± 3.2, respectively. However, the number of circulated-PGCs was no different between stage of 17 and 18. At Gaok chicken, the number of circulated-PGCs reach the peak at stage 15, it is recommended that collection of PGCs embryonic chicken from blood circulation was the best on stage 15. This information is useful in efficiency production of germline chimera and to preserve PGCs of other Indonesian native chicken. Key Words: Gaok Chicken, PGCs, Embryonic Development Stages

70 - 80

Authors: Suherman D, Purwanto BP, Manalu W, Permana IG

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) simulation for industrial engineering is used to define critical temperature of Fries Holland (FH) heifer based on physiological responses on models to predict heart rate and respiratory rate, using ambient temperature and humidity inputs. The research was conducted using six dairy cattles in Bogor and in Jakarta. The heifers were fed at 6 am and 3 pm daily. The environmental condition (Ta, Rh, THI, and Va) and physiological responses (heart rate and respiration rate) were then measured for 14 days in two months at 1 h intervals started from 5 am to 8 pm. By using this ANN simulation, the critical temperature for FH heifer were defined, from heart rate at Ta 24,5°C and Rh 78% at Bogor, and at Ta 23,5°C and Rh 88% at Jakarta, from respiratory rate at Ta 22,5°C and Rh 78% at Bogor, and at Ta 23,5°C and Rh 78% at Jakarta. The respiratory rate on FH heifer was more sensitive to stress due to Ta and Rh fluctuation than the heart rate. Key Words: Artificial Neural Network, Critical Temperature, Heifer, Physiological Respons