Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

92 - 99

Authors: Riasari Gail Sianturi, B Purwantara, I Supriatna, Amrozi ., P Situmorang

Artificial insemination (AI) program in swamp buffalo will be more efficient by implementing synchronization of estrus and ovulation. By synchronizing of ovulation, AI can be done at a fixed time schedule without concerning to estrus detection. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have been used in protocols of estrus synchronization to induce ovulation. A study of AI in swamp buffalo was conducted on 83 buffaloes to evaluate the impact of protocol of estrus synchronization on reproductive efficiency of swamp buffalo. The three protocols used were Ovsynch (GnRH-PGF2α-GnRH-AI), convensional (PGF2a-PGF2a-AI) and Select-Synch (GnRH-PGF2a-AI). Inducing of ovulation were done by administration of GnRH or hCG after prostaglandin (PGF2α) injection. AI was done at 18 and 24 hour after the second GnRH injection (66 hours and 72 hours after PGF2α injection) for Ovsynch method and 72 hours after the last PGF2α injection for convensional and Select-Synch methods. Parameters observed were percentage of estrus and pregnancy from the three estrus synchronization protocols and the differences were analysed by statistics. All of buffaloes (100%) in the three synchronization protocols showed estrus behavior prior to AI. The percentage of pregnancy was 64.71; 77.14 and 83.87% for the Ovsynch, convensional and Select-synch respectively and there was no significantly different (P > 0.05) among the three protocols. hCG administration after the last PGF2α also did not affect pregnancy rate, ie: 76.47 vs 77.78% (with hCG vs without hCG) for the convensional and 88.24 vs 78.57% for the Select-Synch. It is concluded that the synchronization of estrus protocols in this study can synchronize the estrous and ovulation and AI can be done in a fixed-timed and could reach better pregnancy rate of swamp buffalo. Key Words: Swamp Buffalo, Synchronization, Estrus, Ovulation, AI

107 - 111

Authors: Yendraliza ., B.P Zespin, Z Udin, Jaswandi

A study of reproductive performance of buffalo treated with levels of GnRH was conducted on twenty buffaloes of Kampar. The animals were divided into five groups. Group 1 received 200 µg GnRH, the second group received 250 µg GnRH, the third group received 300 µg GnRH, the fourth group received 350 µg GnRH and the fifth group received 400 µg GnRH. Each group also received 12.5 µg PGF2α at days 7 following GnRH injection. Sign of estrus was observed 9 days after GnRH injection. Statistical analysis was performed based on completely randomized design. Results showed that the injection of 300µg of GnRH that was followed by 12,5 µg of PGF2α was able to show obvious sign of post-partum oestrus, with sign of estrus appeared at oestrus rate of 27.8 hours, following PGF2α injection, with 100% of pregnancy rate and 100% of calving rate. Key Words: Estrus, Pregnancy Rate, Calving Rate

120 - 131

Authors: M Syamsul Arifin Zein, S Sulandari

Until now no studies evaluating the position of Kampung chickens in chicken clade of Asia. Thus studies based on molecular DNA sequence hipervariable-I on Kampung chicken is needed. Molecular studies based on DNA sequences hyper variable-I of Kampong chicken was done to confirm the results of previous evaluations conducted on 15 families of local chickens of Indonesia. An analysis of 210 individuals Kampung chicken (Aceh, North Sumatra, Lampung, Banten, Central Java, Lombok, Sulawesi, Ternate, Morotai and Halmahera) resulted in 51 haplotypes derived from 62 polymorphic sites. Polymorphic sites among the highest seen at 112-397 (93.22%). The highest haplotype frequencies contained in the haplotype H-4 (36.19%), followed by H-1 (18.57%) and H-5 (10, 95%). Kampung chicken phylogeny analysis formed four haplogroups/clade from 7 references of Asian chicken clade. Four haplogroups are clade II = 84.31% (43 haplotypes), clade IIIC = 1.96% (1 haplotype), clade IIID = 3.92% (2 haplotypes), clade IV = 7.84% (4 haplotypes). The results prove of that Indonesian local and indigenous chickens were equally dominated clade II. Analysis of genetic diversity showed haplotype diversity of 0.825 ± 0.021, nucleotide diversity of 0.00600 on average, the genetic distance between populations ranged from 0.003 to 0.011, and the genetic distance within populations ranged from 0.00395 to 0.01031. Genetic distance between individuals in all populations of Kampung chickens was significantly different (P < 0.01). Fu's Fs values was negative, indicating high genetic diversity and population expansion on native chicken in Indonesia. Other important result was shown with the major haplotype spread from western to eastern Indonesia, and had strengthened the position of Indonesia as one of the centers of domestication of the chicken. Key Words: Kampung Chicken, Hypervariable-I, Control Region, Mitochondrial DNA, Haplotype, Clade

142 - 151

Authors: Supriyati

In this experiment the effect of feeding milk replacer and dairy milk on the growth performance of pre-weaning of Etawah Crossbred goats was studied. Thirty eight heads of pre-weaning of Etawah Crossbred kids were divided into 2 groups, Group A receiving dairy milk and Group B receiving formulated milk replacer. All kids were fed with colostrum at the first 3 days. The milk replacer was formulated from skim milk, cassava flour, soy flour, corn flour, vitamin, mineral, salt and amino acids (lysine and methionine). The milk replacer was diluted ten times with warm water, then probiotic and sugar were added. The pre-weaning kids fed 300-600 ml milk twice a day, in the morning and in the afternoon. The liveweight of pre-weaning kids were measured every 2 weeks. The experiment was carried out for 12 weeks. The parameter measured were nutrient intakes, ADG and mortality rate. Data was analysed by T test. The proximate analysis results of milk replacer were DM 93.50%, CP 22.20%, Fat 4.62%, GE 3869 kcal/kg, CF 1.31%, ash 4.22%, Ca 0.60% and P 0.46%. The DM and CP intakes were 111.98 and 28.93 g/d; 97.31 and 23.10 g/d, with ME 659 and 379 kcal/kg for group A and B, respectively. The ADG of pre-weaning kids for Group A and B were significantly different (P < 0.05) which were 96.03 ± 11.83 and 83.62 ± 16,34 g/d; mortality rates were 0% and 10% for group A and B, respectively. It is concluded that the rate of the pre-weaning kids of Crossbred Etawah goat fed formulated milk replacer grew slower than kids receiving dairy milk. Key Words: Milk Replacer, Pre-Weaning, Growth, Crossbred Etawah Goats

161 -167

Authors: Iwan Herdiawan, E Sutedi

This study was aimed at determining the interaction between drought stress and defoliation interval on the productivity of Indigofera sp. This study was done based on Complete Randomized Design (CRD) 3x2 factorial, the first factor was without drought stress (100% FC), medium drought stress (50% FC), and severe drought stress (25% FC), and the second factor was the defoliation interval of 60 day and 90 days, each treatment was repeated 5 times. Observed variables were biomass production, and leaf/stem ratio. Results showed that there were significant interactions (P < 0.05) between drought stress and defoliations interval on the productivity of Indigofera sp. The highest biomass production of Indigofera sp. (424.47 g/plant) was obtained from treatment of wihtout dought stress (100% FC) combined with defoliations interval of 90 days, while the lowest (184.55 g/plant) was reached at treatment of severe drought stress (25% FC) and depoliations interval of 60 days. The highest leaf/stem ratio (1.47) was reahced at treatment severe drouht stress (25% FC) and depoliations interval of 60 days and the lowest (1.05) was reached at combination treatment of drought stress and depoliations interval of 90 days. Defoliations interval of 90 days showed higer biomass production than depoliations interval of 60 days. Key Word: Drought Stress, Depoliation, Indigofera sp