Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

214 - 219

Authors: D Lubis, B Haryanto, E Wina, T Sugiharyantatmo

Utilization of yeast and or filamentous fungi as feed additive to ruminants has been of interest since the late 1980’s. Two fungi species have been commercially produced in the United States, (1) Yea-Sacc containing living cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and (2) Amaferm bearing Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract. It has been demonstrated and proven that the cultures can enhance rumen development and function in young ruminants. This paper concerns the use of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation culture (AOFC) as feed additive for young-growing male ‘Garut’ sheep. The A. oryzae was cultured in a media made of mineral-enriched ‘onggok’ flour, a material of tapioca processing waste. The AOFC was prepared gradually by incubating the fungus at room temperature (26 – 300C) for 5 days, dried at 400C and ground. The AOFC was added to a commercial concentrate (GT-03) at 0, 5 and 10% (w/w) levels, as treatment C0 (control), C1, and C2, respectively. Fifteen growing ‘Garut’ sheep were used and the concentrate feed treatments were randomly allotted based on a randomized block design. Drinking water was available at all time. The amount of feed offered (chopped King grass and concentrates) and their refusals were weighed daily and live-weight of sheep was measured once a week in the morning. Daily feces was collected and weighed in the last 10 days of the 14-week experimental period. All feed and fecal samples were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, total fiber (NDF), and ash. AOFC supplementation resulted in higher weight gains (P<0.05), which were 94.81; 122.08; and 140.52 g/d for C0, C1, and C2 treatments, respectively. Dry and organic matter, as well as protein intake was also significantly increased by inclusion of AOFC into concentrate diet (P<0.05). The increment in nutrient intake was from increased consumption of concentrates, and not from King grass, however, there was no effect of AOFC supplementation on feed efficiency. Key words: A. oryzae, sheep, gain, efficiency

227 - 236

Authors: Bess Tiesnamurti, Ismeth Inonou, Subandriyo

A study was conducted to investigate the milk production capacity and preweaning performance of the prolific Priangan sheep, at sheep breeding station of the Research Institute for Animal production, Bogor using 126 ewes during three lambing periods in three consecutive years. The milk production was estimated weekly, started at day 7 after lambing date, till lambs were weaned at 90 days of age. The results showed that total milk production was significantly affected (P<0.05) by parity and the number of lambs born with average daily milk production of 519.5 g head-1 day-1. Estimated total milk production was 43.6 kg/lactation (N = 126; SD = 7.8; CV = 19.4%; range = 28.7-53.6 kg). According to the dam parity, the highest milk production was estimated at third parity (40.1 kg head-1 lactation-1), whereas on the basis of litter size, ewes with twin born lamb had the highest production (39.9 kg head-1 lactation-1). The preweaning lamb performance (weaning weight and preweaning daily gain) was significantly affected (P<0.05) by ewe parity, sex, litter size and type of birth and weaned, with the average weaning weight of 10.62 kg (N = 208; SD = 3.37; CV = 25.08%) and 130.9 + 41.8 g head-1 day-1 (N = 208; SD = 33.5; CV = 31.26%), respectively. Where as lamb birth weight was significantly affected (P<0.05) by ewe parity, sex and the number of lambs bornwith average of 2.39 kg (N = 208; SD = 0.66; CV = 9.8%). Key words: Milk production, prolific sheep, preweaning performance

244 - 250

Authors: Kusumaningrum D.A, P Situmorang, A.R Setioko, T Sugiarti, E Triwulanningsih, R.G Sianturi

This study was conducted at Laboratory Reproduction of Physiology, Research Institute of Animal Production. The experiment was factorial design with two kinds of cryoprotectant (DMF and DMA) as the first factor and two levels of them (7 and 9%) as the second factor. This study was invented to determine the effect of cryoprotectant and its level to survivability of drake semen. Sperm was collected from fifteen drakes two times per week using artivicial vagina. Only the best quality of sperm was used in this study. Collected sperm was diluted in medium to get concentration of 400 x 106 per ml. Equilibrated at 50C in mini straw (0.25 ml) for 60 minutes, then kept them up 8 cm above the LN2 for 4 minutes before plunged in LN2. Parameters measured of this study were survability of drake semen after diluted, at 50C and after freezing-thawing at 350C for 30 seconds. Result of this study showed that percentage of motility and percentage of live sperm were significant different (P<0.05) between DMA (33.24 and 42.03) and DMF (25.82 and 34.30). Level of cryoprotectant (7 and 9%) were not significant different. Based on this study, using DMA as cryoprotectan with 7% in medium was better than that of DMF. Key words: Cryoprotectan, survivability, drake sperm

259 - 264

Authors: Ni Putu Suratmini, Supriyati ., I Heliati, I.P Kompiang

A glass-house experiment was conducted to study the effect of biofertilizer, chemical fertilizer and their combinations on the growth and production of Panicum maximum. Four cultivars of Panicum maximum were used, namely cv. Riversdale, cv. Petrie, cv. Natsukaze and cv. Natsuyukata. The grasses were planted in Latosol soil. The treatments with 3 replicates were: (1) control, (2) urea 100 kg N/ha, (3) biofertilizer 10 l/ha and (4) urea 50 kg N/ha + biofertilizer 10 l/ha. The grass was harvested every 40 days for 10 times and data was polled. The average production of grass for cv. Riversdale was 20.0 pols, height was 77.2 cm, fresh weight was 40.5 g and dry weight was 9.0 g. The average production of grass for cv. Petrie was 36.4 pols, height was 63.9 cm, fresh weight was 42 g and dry weight was 9.2 g. The average production of grass for cv. Natsukaze was 28.6 pols, height was 67.2 cm, fresh weight was 40.7 g and dry weight was 9.2 g. The average production of grass for cv. Natsuyukata was 36.9 pols, height was 74.9 cm, fresh weight was 45.3 g and dry weight was 9.7 g. The average production of treatment (I) were 17.2 pols, height 59.7 cm, fresh 11.4 g and dry weight 2.6 g. The average production of treatment (2) were 22.8 pols, height 61.1 cm, fresh 19.3 g and dry weight 4.2 g. The average production of treatment (3) were 40.3 pols, height 82.5 cm, fresh 71.6 g and dry weight 14.9 g. The average production of treatment (4) were 41.4 pols, height 79.9 cm, fresh weight 66.1 g and dry weight 14.5 g. Biofertilizer significantly increased number of pols, height, fresh and dry weights grass production. Key words: Biofertilizer, chemical fertilizer, production, Panicum maximum

272 - 279

Authors: indrawati sendow

Bluetongue virus is one of arbovirus diseases which is transmitted by insects, Culicoides spp. Insect collection wasconducted weekly from 1991 to 1993 and forthnightly from 1993 to 1997 in West Java using Pirbright-type miniature light trapin to phosphate buffered saline for identification and viral isolation. A total of 1155 pools of insects were inoculated intoembryonated chicken eggs before passaging in a mosquito cell line and three times blind passages in BHK-21 cells. Fourteenpools of insects produced cytopathic effect in BHK-21 cells. Four of the infected BHK-21 cells reacted in the antigen captureELISA test using a specific monoclonal antibody to bluetongue (BTV) virus. Further identification into serotype in ReferenceLaboratory, indicated that BTV serotype 1 was isolated from C. fulvus, BTV serotype 6 was isolated from C. peregrinus andBTV serotype 21 from pools of C. shortii and C. orientalis. Key words: Bluetongue viruses, isolation, insects

144 - 149

Authors: U Santoso, T Suteky, Heryanto ., Sunarti .

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of feeding methods of katuk extract on performance and carcass quality of broilers. Sixty 20-d-old male broilers were distributed to 5 treatment groups of 4 replicates with 3 birds each. One treatment group was fed basal diet without katuk extract (P0), whereas other treatment groups were fed basal diet plus 18 g katuk extract/kg diet (P1), basal diet plus 9 g katuk extract/l drinking water (P2), basal diet plus 9 g katuk extract/kg diet plus 4.5 g katuk extract/l drinking water (P3), and basal diet plus 4.5 g katuk extract/kg diet plus 2.25 g katuk extract/l drinking water (P4). Experimental results showed that weight gain of P1 and P4 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of P0 and P2. Feed conversion ratio of P1 and P4 were significantly lower than those of P0 and P2 (P<0.05). Feed intake, water intake, the weights of heart, liver and gizzard were not significantly different (P>0.05), but the weight of intestine was significantly affected (P<0.05) Abdominal fat of P4 was significantly lower than that of P0, P1 and P2 (P<0.05). Carcass color of P4 was significantly better than that of P0, P1, P2 and P3 (P<0.01). Katuk extract feeding had no effect on smell and taste of meat (P>0.05). P4 had better meat color than P0, P1, dan P2 (P<0.05). Katuk extract feeding had no effect on meat bone ratio, carcaas weight and cooking loss (P>0.05). In conclusion, in order to improve performance and carcass quality, broiler chickens could be given katuk extract through diet plus drinking water at level of 4.5 g/kg diet plus 2.25 g/l drinking water. Key words: Katuk extract, performance, carcass quality, abdominal fat

155 - 161

Authors: Darwinsyah Lubis, Elizabeth Wina, Budi Haryanto, T Suhargiyantatmo

Cultures of fungi, especially Aspergillus oryzae, have been of interest to animal nutritionists to increase feed efficiency. Many experiments have been done and showed positive results on rumen fermentation and productivity of ruminants. This paper reports the results of an in vivo study on feeding Aspergillus oryzae, fermentation culture (AOFC) to growing sheep. ‘Onggok’ (tapioca processing waste) was used as media for AO cultivation after being enriched with a mineral mixture. Commercial concentrate (GT-03) was fed to 15 growing sheep supplemented with 0% (C0), 5% (C1), and 10% (C2) AOFC (w/w). Chopped fresh King grass was used as a basal diet. The 3 treatments were randomly allotted to the sheep according to randomized block design with 5 replications. The study was carried out for 14 weeks. Digestion trial was conducted in the last 10 days of experiment. All feed and fecal samples were analyzed for nutrients. Rumen fluid was sampled at the mid experimental period. Analyses were done on rumen pH, ammonia content, (VFA) volatile fatly acids concentration, and also total digestive tract digestibility of dry and organic matter, crude protein, and total fiber (NDF). Differences in treatment means were analyzed by Duncan’s MRT. Feeding AOFC resulted in increased (P<0.05) digestibility of crude protein from 59.6% in control sheep to 65.5% in sheep fed concentrate with 10% AOFC supplementation. The same pattern also occurred for NDF, but no effect was found on dry and organic matter. Higher fiber digestibility with AOFC supplementation was in line with an increase (P<0.05) in cellulolytic bacteria population in the rumen. VFA produced also increased (P<0.05), as well as individual acids content, primarily acetate and propionate. No differences (P<0.05) were detected in rumen pH and ammonia content. It appears that AOFC is more suitable for the purpose of meat production. Key words: A. oryzae, sheep, digestibility, rumen, in vivo

167 - 180

Authors: I-W Mathius, D Sastradipradja, T Sutardi, A Natasasmita, L.A Sofyan, D.T.H Sihombing

Thirty-six Javanese thin-tail ewes were set out to study the energy and crude protein requirements for the last eight-week of pregnancy. The ewes were randomlly assigned to a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement and offered nine diets comprising three levels of energy (low, medium and high) and three levels of crude protein (low, medium and high) with four ewes per treatment. The diets were pelleted and offered four times daily at approximately in the same amount. Results showed that, despite a difference of energy concentration in the diets, dry matter intake was not significantly (P>0.05) affected, but crude protein concentration was (P<0.05). Energy concentration in the diet also had no effect (P>0.05) on protein intake. However, protein concentration in the diets significantly affected on protein intake and protein excreted in the feces. Moreover, an interaction between energy and protein levels was not detected on energy and nitrogen availability utilization. This study demonstrated that a high efficiency on nitrogen utilization could be achieved on low crude protein diets. It was also found that crude protein and energy requirements for maintanance during pregnancy phase were 0.67 g/kg BW0.75 and 0.425 MJ EM/kg BW0.75 respectively. Key words: Protein-energy requirement, pregnancy phase, ewes

188 - 193

Authors: R.G Sianturi, M Thein, H Wahid, Yono C Rosnina

Oocyte collection technique is important to obtain a maximum number of oocytes to be employed on in vitro production of embryos. In this study, immature bovine oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries by two techniques: aspiration of 2- to 6-mm follicles and slicing. Following collection, oocyte qualities were classified into four categories (A, B, C, and D) on the basis of cumulus attachment. Oocytes of each category were matured in vitro in CO2 incubator for 22-24 hours and cumulus expansion and maturation rates were observed. The total number of oocytes (group A+B+C+D) and yield of good quality oocytes (only group A and B) recovered per ovary by aspiration were 12.02 and 8.21, and by slicing were 29.38 and 19.65 (P<0.01), respectively. The total cumulus cells expansion rates of A, B, C and D oocytes were 97.1%, 88.3%, 6.0% and 20.6% respectively. Maturation rates for A, B and C categories of oocytes were 91.4%, 82.3% and 35.0% respectively while no matured oocyte was observed for group D oocytes. Maturation rates were significantly different between group A and C and also between B and C but not between A and B (P<0.05). In conclusion, slicing technique recovered more oocytes per ovary (2.4 times) than that of aspiration and the best maturation rate was observed from category A oocytes which surrounded by more than 3 layers of cumulus cells. However oocytes of category A and B can be considered as good quality oocytes. Key words: Collection technique, aspiration, slicing, oocyte quality, maturation

200 - 206

Authors: S Widjajanti, S Endah Estuningsih, Subandriyo Partoutomo, H.W Raadsma, T.W Spithill, D Piedrafita

The responses of eosinophil and packed cell volume (PCV) values were verified in infected sheep, in order to identify whether these parameters could be used to predict the flukes burden and their correlation with breed resistance. Fifteen Indonesian thin tail sheep (ET), 9 Merino sheep and 148 backcross sheep generated from mating of Merino sheep and F1 sheep (Merino X ET cross) were infected with 300 metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica. The blood samples were collected every 2 weeks by using EDTA venoject tubes in order to determine the amount of eosinophils and the PCV value. After 14 weeks of infection all of sheep were killed and the liver was collected in order to determine the number of flukes. The results showed that the amount of eosinophils increased 2 weeks after infection and reached the peak at week 4 after infection. The average of eosinophils in ET appeared higher than the other 2 breeds (Merino was the lowest and the backcross was in between). The correlation between the number of flukes recovered from the liver and the eosinophil counts were positive in ET and Merino, but negative in the backcross sheep. The PCV values remained constant along the trial, except at week 14 after infection; the PCV values were slightly decreased in backcross sheep and Merino sheep, but not in ET sheep. The correlation between number of flukes in the liver and the PCV values were negative in all breeds of sheep. These results suggested that the eosinophilic and PCV’s response of ET were higher compared to backcross and Merino sheep, thus that responses were thought to be associated with the resistant phenomenon. Key words: Fasciolosis, eosinophil, PCV, sheep

76 - 83

Authors: P.P Ketaren, L.H Prasetyo

Productivity and feed efficiency of Mojosari Alabio (MA) cross-bred duck on the first phase of laying from 20-43 weeks old was better when fed ad lib. using pelleted diet. An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of restricted feeding of pelleted diet on second phase of laying of MA cross-bred duck performances from 44-67 weeks old. The experiment was designed in a Completely Randomized Design. 156 MA cross-bred ducks were devided into three groups and fed three experimental diets: (1) 70% ad lib., (2) 85% ad lib. and (3) ad lib. All experimental diets were fed to ducks for 24 weeks and feed intake, egg production, egg weight, FCR, molting, egg yolk weight, albumen weight, egg shell weight and egg yolk colour score were measured as parameters. The results showed that the restricted feeding of 70 and 85% significantly (P<0.05) reduced egg production, egg weight and egg yolk percentage, egg yolk colour score and induced early molting, but did not adversely affect egg white and egg shell percentage. FCR of duck fed 70% (6.47) was significantly (P<0.05) the worst compared to the duck fed 85% (4.13) and ad lib. (3.55). The results indicate that MA cross-bred duck was more efficient being fed ad lib. Key words: Restricted feeding, MA crossbred duck, productivity and egg quality

90 - 98

Authors: Darwinsyah Lubis, E Wina, B Haryanto, T Suhargiantatmo

Studies regarding the use of living microorganisms as supplement have been done in the last two decades to improve digestion process in the rumen. Many factors affect the use of the supplement, such as ration composition and physiological status of the animals. Materials used in this experiment are Aspergillus oryzae (AO) derived from ‘tauco’ (salty fermented soybean) and soybean sauce processing factories located in Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi districts (15 sources), and also AO culture collections of the Indonesian Res. Inst. for Anim. Prod. (2 strains) and one strain from Indonesian Res. Inst. for Vet. Sci. in Bogor. The fungus was first isolated in potato dextrose agar (PDA), incubated at room temp. (26-300C) for 5 days for purification. The AO from PDA then inoculated into cooked rice enriched with mineral mix, oven-dried (40-450C), then ground and kept in refrigerator as a stock culture for further use. To produce more AO (scaling-up), the culture is inoculated in two basal media, i.e. soybean meal and ‘onggok’ (tapioca processing waste) enriched with mineral mix, dried and ground, then kept in refrigerator as A. oryzae fermentation culture (AOFC). Ground-dried King grass was used for in vitro digestion trials using sheep rumen fluid, which was not supplemented (control) or supplemented with the AOFC (10% w/w) from various sources. Three best AOFC (by origin) were chosen and used for further digestion study. The study was run using 2 (media) x 3 (AOFC origin) factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design and Duncan’s MRT was applied to test differences among treatment means. Preliminary results indicated of the AOFC-SP66, -F172, and -CT4 used, the best AOFC was SP66, as it increased (P<0.05) fiber (NDF) digestion (10.5% better than the control). Total VFA productions were similar, but acetate content in the rumen fluid was lowered (P<0.05), while propionate and butyrate levels were alleviated (P<0.05) by the AOFC-SP66. Ammonia content was not affected by addition of AOFC. No differences were detected on digestion parameters between the two media used for AO cultivation, therefore, it is suggested to use ‘onggok’ for producing AOFC in large scale. VFAs composition pattern suggests that AOFC was more suitably used for meat rather than for milk production. Key words: Fungus, King grass, digestibility, rumen fluid

110 - 115

Authors: I-Ketut Sutama, R Dharsana, I-G.M Budiarsana, T Kostaman

Progestagen is generally used for hormonal treatment in the synchronization program, but the cost of this stuffs is relatively expensive. An alternatif low cost agent for sinchronization is needed and this is a focus of the present study. Forty eight heads of mature does and 4 bucks of Peranakan Etawah (PE) goats was used in two phases of study. In the first phase, three types of composite compounds (TOP-A, TOP-B and TOP-C) were tested on a number of PE does. In the second phase of the study, the best TOP composite of the first phase was compared with Fluogestone Acetate (FGA) which is a commercially made of progestagen for synchronization. FGA was inserted intravaginal for 7 days (FGA-7) and 14 days (FGA-14). Results of the study in phase I showed that only 40-60% of does showed oestrus following TOP composite treatment, and 50-67% of them in groups TOP-A and TOP-B did not ovulate, while all oestrous does in TOP-C group ovulated. Oestrous cycle length was within a normal range of oestrous cycle (15 - 22 days) indicating that TOP composite did not have negative effect on reproductive activity of goats. The best TOP-C in the study phase I was tested in the study phase II and compared with FGA. The results showed that the number of does in oestrus in TOP-C group was only 63.6% which was much lower than those of FGA-7 (81.8%) and FGA-14 (100% ). Imperiority of TOP-C and FGA-7 were shown by a relatively high incident of oestrus without ovulation which were 14.3% and 11.1% for the respective groups. Consequently, ovulation rates in both groups were lower than those of FGA-14 (1.1 vs 1.4 vs 1.8, P<0.05). Pregnancy rate in TOP-C was also the lowest (27.3%) compared with those of group FGA-7 (63.6%) and group FGA-14 (81.8%). Based on the results obtained, it could be concluded that TOP composite used in this study was not as good as FGA in inducing oestrus in goat. Key words: Oestrous synchronization, progestagen, Peranakan Etawah goat

124 - 129

Authors: S.E Estuningsih, S Wiidjajanti, S Partoutomo, Spithill ., H Raadsma, D Piedrafita

Previous studies have shown that Indonesian Thin Tail (ET) sheep exhibit high resistance to challenge with Fasciola gigantica when compared with Merino sheep, and this resistance is expressed in early infection. In order to study the role of the immune system in this resistance to ET sheep, in vitro studies were undertaken in the laboratory. In vitro study to confirm the ability of immune cells from ET sheep in the killing of F. gigantica larvae has been done by incubating immune cells and F. gigantica larvae together with immune sera or normal sera. The viability of the larvae was observed over a period 3 days incubation by observing their motility. The results showed that the cells isolated from F. gigantica- challenged ET sheep in the presence of immune sera from ET were able to kill 70% of the larvae. In contrast, cells from infected Merino were unable to kill a significant number of F. gigantica using the same sera source. It seems that the cytotoxicity was dependent on the presence of immune sera and ET peritoneal cells, suggesting the potential role of an antibody-dependent cell cytotoxic (ADCC) mechanism in the resistant ET sheep. Key words: In vitro, Fasciola gigantica, peritoneal cell, sheep gigantica

12 - 17

Authors: Herdis ., Kusuma ., M Surachman, I.K Sutama, M Riza, I Inounu, B Purwantara, I Arifiantini

The sperm is very fragile to lipid peroxide reaction, that it can easily broken during the process of freezing. To eliminate this consequences an antioxidant agent added into the extender. A research was done to observe the effect of antioxidant agent α-tocoferrol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) presence in the extender on the quality of frozen semen. Once week, semen from six male Garut sheep ages about 2.5 years old was collected using artificial vagina and egg yolk skim-milk diluent used as the extender. The semen were treated in egg yolk skim-milk diluent without antioxidant as control, in egg yolk skim-milk diluent with α- tocoferrol 0,2 g/100 ml diluent and in egg yolk skim-milk diluent with butylated hydroxytoluene 0,2 g/100 ml diluent. The after thawing observation shown that in egg yolk skim-milk diluent with α- tocoferrol had life percentage (75.0 ± 3.5% vs 64.8 ± 7.8%) and membrane intact percentage (65.8 ± 6.8 % vs 55.2 ± 8.3%) significantly higher than control (P<0,05) but insignificantly different from with BHT addition. The presence of α-tocoferrol in the diluent, the motility percentage consideraly higher (P<0.05) than (45.8 ± 3.8%) using BHT addition (40.0 ± 4.5%) but not different from control (41.7 ± 4.1%); while acrosomal intake percentage after α-tocoferrol (54.8% ± 3.3%) expressively higher (p,0.05) than BHT addition (49.7 ± 3.6%) or control (49.8 ± 3.5%). In conclusion the presence of α-tocoferrol in the diluent could improve the quality of Garut sheep frozen semen. Key words: Antioxidant, sperm, Garut sheep

22 - 29

Authors: I-W Mathius, D Yulistiani, W Puastuti

Production respons was related to rumen undegradable protein feeding. Twenty-six local late pregnant ewes are penned individually and allocated to four dietary treatment groups of feed supplement, containing different amount of protected soybean meal and provided 0% (R1), 10% (R2) 20% (R3) and 40% (R4) crude protein of feed supplement respectively. Diets were fed until the first 8-week of lactation phase. Results showed that the mean of total dry matter intake (DMI) during late pregnancy was 3,42% of body weight (BW). Dietary treatments of protected-protein tended to increase daily mean intake of dry matter (P>0.05), ie. 76.9; 77.25; 77.49 and 78.81 g/kg BW 0.75 for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. A similar trend was noted in daily intake of crude protein with the mean of 9.75; 10.31; 10,75 and 12.1 g/kg BW0.75 (for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively) and were not different significantly (P>0.05) among dietary treatments. Increasing the amount of protected-protein in the ration influenced (P<0.05) the daily live weight gain (ADG) of ewes during the late phase of gestation which was 104.4, 99.4, 120.8 and 148.14 for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Feed efficiency (DMI/ADG) improved as substitution of protected-protein increased. The total birth weight of lambs (g/ewe) was not significantly different (P>0.05), by increasing level of protected-protein in the ration, averaging 3.2 kg/ewe. Increasing protected-protein, increased (P<0.05) the daily gain (g/ewe) of lambs during the first 8-week of lactation, and it was 127, 131, 165 and 211 g/ewe/d for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Consequently, the weaned weight at 8- week of ages increased significantly different (P<0.05) as the amount of protected-protein in the diet increased. Key words: Banana latex, protected-protein, ewes production

38 - 45

Authors: Pius P Ketaren, L.H Prasetyo

Feed cost is the major cost for duck-egg production which accounted to be more than 70% of total production cost. Feed efficiency of duck-egg production in Indonesia is low. The main reasons for the low feed efficiency (high feed conversion ratio, FCR) are (1) genetic trait (2) high feed wastage and (3) inadequate nutrient content of diet. An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of restricted feeding of pelleted diet on Mojosari x Alabio (MA) cross-bred duck performances from 20-43 weeks old. The experiment was designed in a Completely Randomized Design. 156 MA cross-bred ducks were devided into three groups and fed three experimental diets: (1) 70%, 85%. and ad libitum. All experimental diets were fed to ducks for 24 weeks and feed intake, egg production, egg weight, FCR, molting and egg quality: egg yolk weight, albumen wight, egg shell weight and egg yolk colour score were measured as parameters. The results showed that the restricted feeding of 70% and 85% significantly (P<0.05) reduced egg production, egg weight and induced early molting but did not adversely affect duck livability and egg quality. MA croos-bred duck was more efficient by feeding ad libitum than the restricted feeding. FCR of duck fed 70% (6.38) was significantly (P<0.05) worst compared to FCR of duck fed 85% (3.68) and ad libitum (2.88). Key words: Restricted feeding, MA crossbred duck, productivity and egg quality

55 - 61

Authors: Adin Priadi, Lily Natalia

Cross protection conferred by a live Pasteurella multocida B:3,4 vaccine to infection by P. multocida B:2, the haemorrhagis septicaemia causing bacteria in cattle was investigated. Intranasal aerogenic immunization and subcutaneous injection of the live vaccine were applied to groups I and II of 5 Bali cattle respectively. Another group (III) of 5 cattle were vaccinated with standard oli adjuvant killed vaccine intramuscularly. Cattle were observed for clinical signs and body temperatures were measured. Sera were collected monthly for 12 month and kept at -200C for further testing by ELISA. No adverse sign was observed at cattle of groups I and II after vaccination with the live vaccine. Both intranasal and subcutaneous vaccination of live vaccine showed a similar serological response which started at month-5, peaked at month-(6-7) after vaccination and still sustained at the level above positive cut-off (88 ELISA Unit) at the end of observation month-12. Cattle vaccinated with killed adjuvanted vaccine responded earlier, peaked at 5-6 month after vaccination and declined steadily till the end of investigation. At 6 and 12 months after vaccination catlle were challenged with P. multocida B:2. All vaccinated cattle challenged at 6 months (C-1) and 12 (C-2) months after vaccination survived and showed no clinical signs. Body temperatures of all vaccinated cattle were normal and ranged from 38.10C to 39.10C and 38.50C to 39.50C for cattle chalenged at C-1 and C-2 respectively. However, there was 1 cattle of group I at C-1 showed an initial increase of body temperature to 400C and decreased to normal at 42 hours after challenge. One catlle of group II had a body temperature of 40.70C detected at 5 hours post C-2 and reached a normal temperature at hour-11. Both unvaccinated cattle at C-1 and C-2 died and had body temperatures of 41.40C and 41.10C respectively at the time of death. This investigation shows that live vaccine P. multocida B:3,4 is safe and can protect cattle from haemorrhagic septicaemia for at least 12 months. This vaccine is promising to be used to replace oil adjuvanted killed bacterin for haemorrhagic secticaemia. Key words: Live aerosol vaccine, protection, haemorrhagic septicaemia, cattle