Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

83 - 89

Authors: Ema Damayanti, Ahmad Sofyan, Hardi Julendra, Tri Untari

The aim of this research was to study the use of earthworm meal (TCT) L. rubellus as anti pullorum agent in poultry feed additive (IP). The antibacterial activity of TCT against Salmonella pullorum was examined using diffusion agar method at each of the following concentrations: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% (w/v) in 100 µL DMSO. In vivo test was conducted using 80 broiler chicken and were infected by S. pullorum with treatments of: IP0: IP contained 0% TCT, IP1: IP contained 25% TCT, IP2: IP contained 50% TCT, IP3: IP contained 75% TCT and IP4: IP contained 100% TCT. Each treatment was replicated 4 times with 4 chicks each. Feed additive was periodically fed to broiler during 7 days before and 10 days after infection. Anti-pullorum activities were evaluated using serology test, isolation and biochemical identification of S. pullorum. The results showed that 75% TCT was optimum to inhibit S. pullorum in vitro. The isolation and identification of S. pullorum results showed that 0 out of 8 (0%) broilers treated with IP4 was not infected by S. pullorum whereas 1 out of 2 (50%) broilers treated with IP0 were infected by S. pullorum. The reduction of S. pullorum prevalence as followed by increasing TCT in feed additive. In conclusion, TCT as poultry feed additive could inhibit S. pullorum infection. Key words: Earthworm Meal, Feed Additive, S. Pullorum

97 - 103

Authors: Achmad Gozali Nataamijaya

A study on the performance of Nagrak and Kampung chicken under intensive management system was conducted in Cibadak District of Sukabumi West Java. As many as 200 hens of Nagrak and Kampung, each were placed in individual cages. The birds were given 90 g of diet daily, the diet was the mixture of layer commercial diet and ricebran at equal ratio, drinking water was given ad libitum. Artificial insemination was conducted every three days using semen collected from 20 cockerels of each local bird. Disease control was done by vaccination against Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bursal Disease. Sulfamix and antibiotics were given whenever needed. Eggs were collected twice a day, weighed and stored to be incubated or to be analyzed for their characteristics. Parameters observed were physical appearance, hen-day egg production, egg quality, egg fertility and hatchability, body weight, feed conversion and mortality. Results showed that Nagrak chicken physical appearance was different from that of Kampung chicken, yet their hen-day production were not significantly different (26.93 ± 14.10% vs 27.04 ± 16.20%). The egg characteristics of these birds (Nagrak vs Kampung) were as follows: egg weight (36.29 ± 6.50 g vs 35.55 ± 5.42 g); yolk weight (16.61 ± 1.34 g vs 16.22 ± 2.11 g); albumen weight (17.31 ± 2.64 g vs 16.87 ± 1.35 g); shell weight 37 ± 0.81 g vs 2.46 ± 0.54 g); yolk color (9.62 ± 1.81 g vs 9.67 ± 1.70 g); haugh unit (83.60 ± 5.41 vs 83.45 ± 6.10); shell thickness (24.0 ± 0.83 µm vs 24.4 ± 0.67 µm), however no significant difference was found. Neither the egg fertility, hatchability nor mortality rate of the birds was significantly different. At 12 weeks old the average body weight of male Nagrak chicken (1260.04 ± 57.33 g) was much higher (P<0.01) than that of male Kampung chicken (750.68 ± 60.11 g) while the average body weight of female Nagrak chicken (980.37 ± 48.11 g) was much higher (P<0.01) than that of female Kampung chicken (656.11 ± 58.47 g). The feed conversion ratio of male Nagrak chicken (4.21) was better (P<0.05) than that of male Kampung chicken (5.62), the feed conversion ratio of female Nagrak chicken (5.15) was also better (P<0.05) than that of female Kampung chicken (6.81). No significant difference was found on the feed conversion ratio of Nagrak hens (9.24) and Kampung hens (9.06). Key words: Performance, Nagrak, Kampung, Local Chicken

110 - 117

Authors: Marthen L. Mullik, Dennis P. Poppi, Stuart R. Mclennan

The rate of rumen microbial crude protein (MCP) supply to the intestines is a crucial element in the current rumen models to predict respond of ruminants to a certain diet. Data from tropical pastures are always below predicted results from the existing rumen models. Thus, quantification of the rumen MCP supply from tropical forage will improve predictive rate under tropical feeding conditions. Four Brahman crossbred steers (457 ± 20.1 kg) were used in a metabolism study. Pangola grass (Digitaria erianthe cv. Steudal) was harvested every morning and fed to the animals soon afterward. Parameters measured were EMPS, intake, fractional passage rates, and rumen ammonia concentration. The EMPS was estimated using purine derivative excretion in urine. Mean crude protein and water soluble carbohydrate was 6.3 and 7.4% of dry matter (DM) respectively. Mean DM intake was 1.6% liveweight. Average rumen ammonia concentration was 69 mg/L whilst rumen passage rates were 7.84 and 6.92%/h for fluid and solids respectively. Mean EMPS was only 72 g MCP/kg digestible organic matters. It is concluded that EMPS in steers consuming green pangola grass was at the level below the minimum recommended value for forage diets adopted in the current feeding standards. Key words: Microbial Protein, Efficiency, Tropical Grass, Cattle

131 - 141

Authors: A. Anggraeni, C. Sumantri, A. Farajallah, E. Andreas

Genotipe of BB kappa kasein (ĸ-kasein) gene positively influences high milk protein yield. The aim of this research was to verify the use of the к-casein gene as marker of assisted selecion (MAS) of high protein yield in domestic Holstein-Friesian (HF) cattle. Genotyping blood samples was conducted for lactating cows from BPPT-SP Cikole (82 head) and a number of small holders in KPSBU Lembang (190 head). Genotyping the к-casein gene was also conducted for active and non active AI bulls (HF) from BIB Lembang (25 head) and BBIB Singosari (32 head). Varian genotipes were identified trough DNA migration, whereas frequencies of alleles were calculated by Nei Method (1987). The effects of variant genotypes on protein yield and other milk component yields were studied in lactating cows (56 head in BPPT-SP Cikole and 111 head in KPSBU Lembang) by applying Least Square Means (LSM) method of the General Linear Model (GLM). Genotyping the ĸ-kasein gene resulted in three genotypes, namely AA, AB and BB, with two alleles, namely A and B. It was identified that a very limited number of lactating cows with BB genotype (0-9%). These cows produced higher protein yield around 3.37-3.84% than that of AA cows, while AB cows produced protein yield in between, though these differences were not statistically significant (P>0,05). In contrast, AA cows tended to produced higher milk fat yield than BB cows. Cows BB and AB seemingly produced higher dry matter, while both specific density and pH were not affected by variant genotypes of the к-casein gene. The results showed that BB genotype of the к-casein gene tended to be quitely consistent in controlling high protein yield, so it would be a good oppurtinity to be used as MAS of milk protein yield in HF domestic. Key words: Protein Yield, Dairy Cattle (HF), к-Casein Gene, Genotype BB

150 - 166

Authors: Sri Usmiati, Miskiyah ., Rarah R.A.M.

Inhibition technology of microorganism on meat can be done biologically and chemically. Biologically, inhibition to microbe can be conducted by addition antimicrobe, for example bacteriocin that have character as biopreservative. The aim of this research was to study the microbiological quality of fresh meat with bacteriocin isolated from Lactobacillus sp. SCG 1223 storaged at certain addition and temperature with different storage time. This experiment was done based on Completely of Random Design (CRD) with factorial arragement 3 x 4 for meat kept at room temperature (270C) and 3x3 for meat kept at cold temperature (4ºC) in three replications. The first factor was addition of biopreservative: addition bacteriocin (B), without addition antimicrobia (TB), and addition of nisin (N) on fresh meat. The second factor was different storage time at room temperature (H0, H6, H12 and H18) and low temperature (D0, D14, D28). Other treatments as indicators was contaminated with indicator bacteria (S. thypimurium, E. coli, L. monocytogenes). Variable analyzed were initial TPC (Total Plate Count) and total indicator bacteria S. thypimurium; E. coli; L. monocytogenes at fresh meat, meat quality consist of total indicator of bacteria, pH value of meat; and protein level. Result indicated that bacteriocin from Lactobacillus sp. SCG 1223 isolat could inhibit bacteria growth (S. thypimurium, L. monocytogenes, and E. coli. Bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sp. can work at room temperature (270C) and cold temperature (40C). Nisin effectivity almost same to bacteriosin produced from Lactobacillus sp. SCG 1223 isolated from cow fresh milk in inhibiting Gram positive L. monocytogenes. Key Words: Microbiological, Bacteriocin, Lactobacillus sp. Var. SCG 1223