Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

6 - 14

Authors: H.L.L Belli

The influence of multinutrient blocks during pre and postcalving on lactation and reproductive performances of Bali cows were evaluated. Seventeen multiparous pregnant cows with body condition score (BCS) 1 to 2, approximately 90 d before the expected date of calving, were divided randomly into groups A (n=9) and B (n=8), and were grazed on the native pasture as a basal diet, while those of Group B received 1.25 kg multinutrient blocks, whose constituent was as follows (%): molasses (28), urea (5), coconut cake (15), fishmeal (5), rice bran (25), lime (8.5), salt (7.5), grit (5) and ultramineral (1). Cows were weighed and assessed for BCS (on a five-point scale) every two weeks, commencing at 12 weeks prior to calving, within 24 h after calving up to 16 weeks after calving. Milk production and composition were assessed by the weigh-suckle-weigh technique at four times i.e. 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after calving. Suckling behaviour i.e. frequency of suckling, duration of nursing and total min nursed were observed 6 times in the course of lactation at weekly intervals commencing at 1 week after calving. Calf birth weight was measured within 24 h after calving and continued at weekly intervals until 12 weeks of age. Uterine involution was determined by rectal palpation at 7 d postcalving. The interval from calving to first estrus was monitored by estrus observation twice a day. Conception at first service was assessed by pregnancy diagnosis 45 to 60 d after insemination. Cows fed multinutrient blocks supplement had higher liveweight, BCS throughout the experiment. The cows produced significantly more milk and had higher growth rates of the calves than the unsupplemented cows. The mean values of the characteristics of suckling were influenced by supplementation. The rate of uterine involution and conception to first service were similar in the two treatment groups, but interval from calving to the exhibition of the first estrus was shorter in supplemented cows. Key Words: Supplementation, Multinutrient Block, Bali Cows

24 - 33

Authors: Dicky Pamungkas, Cesar C Sevilla, Ulysses M Lustria

The research was done to identify changes in rumen ecosystem of buffalo which received rumen content of cattle. As much as three head of fistulated male buffaloes (live weight of 450-550 kg) and three fistulated female cattle (live weight 250-380 kg) were used. This experiment was done three stage as follows: pre-inoculation, inoculation and post-inoculation. In Pre-inoculation, the sample of rumen content was taken two hours before morning feeding and directly observed for pH rumen liquor, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA). During the last three days of the first week of pre and post inoculation, the in situ dry matter digestibility was conducted. The samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours in the rumen of the experimental animals. Napier grass, leucaena, and wheat pollard were incubated separately in the nylon bags to determine DM digestibility. The cross inoculation (total of rumen content) was done less than 10 minutes. In post-inoculation, the sample of rumen content was taken at two hours before morning feeding as long as two days of two weeks after inoculation. Changes in rumen ecosystem (pH, NH3-N and total VFA) were tested by using Completely Randomized Design. Result showed that the transfer of rumen content from cattle to buffalo significantly reduced the pH level in the rumen of buffalo. However, it had no significant effect on the ammonia concentration in the rumen of buffalo and showed significantly decreased of bacteria but it was not affect on the total count of protozoa and fungi. The transfer of rumen content from cattle to buffalo significantly decreased the value of insoluble and potential digestible fraction of leucaena. The DM effective degradability of Napier grass was significantly increase (P<0.05) within outflow rate 0.02 and 0.04 h-1 after cross inoculation. In wheat pollard, a significantly decrease (P<0.05) was occurred when outflow rate was observed at 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 h-1 Key Words: Rumen Ecosystem, Cross Inoculation, Degradability

39 - 51

Authors: Ismeth Inounu, W Kurniawan, R Noor

Lamb mortality is highly related to ewe behavior at lambing. The purpose of this research was to study ewe lambing behavior and lamb behavior after birth of Garut (GG) sheep and its crosses with St. Croix (HH) and Moulton Charollais (MM). The number of observation were 106 head, consist of 32 GG; 23 of HG; 14 of MG; 31 of MHG and 6 of HMG crossed ewes. Analysis of variance of general linear model (GLM) for different number of sample was used to study ewe behavior of different group of ewes. Linear regression was used to analyze relationships between lambing behavior; times from birth to stand up and ewe body weight. While relationship between labor time and parity or type of birth were analyzed descriptively. Before lambing, ewes stood up, lain down, walked in circle, vocalized, urinated, flehmened, and pawed. HG and HMG ewes stood up less often than other breeds (P<0.05). Lambing time was distributed randomly for GG, HG, MG and MHG ewes, but HMG ewes mostly lambed at night (66.67%). Labor time of HMG ewes was significantly shorter than other breeds (P<0.05) and was not affected by birth weight, birth type and neither by parity. The ewes generally lambed in lay down position. After lambing, ewe normally stood up and cleaned the lamb immediately. The cleaning generally begin from the head progressed down to the whole body. The success for lamb to stand up was not significantly different among breeds. Key Words: Lambing Behavior, Garut, Crossbreeding, St. Croix, Moulton Charollais

61 - 68

Authors: Adin Priadi, Lily Natalia

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a bacterium identified as a new species in 1994 and generally associated with respiratory distress in chickens. From 214 of sinus swabs, tracheal swabs, lungs, airsac, liver heart blood samples and yolk sacs of chickens suffered from respiratory distresses, 6 isolates of O. rhinotracheale were isolated. These isolates were obtained from tracheal swabs of broiler chickens aged between 28-35 days old and broiler breeder of 32 weeks old. Upon incubated on blood agar for 48 hours at 37oC in a 5% CO2 atmosphere, round, convect and grey colonies with diametres of 1-2 mm were observed. The bacteria were pleomorphic, Gram negative rods, negative catalase and positive oxidase. Biochemically, the bacteria did not change potassium nitrate, tryptophan, glucose, arginine, urea, esculin, gelatine, arabinose, mannose, mannitol, N-acetyl-glucosamine, maltose, gluconate, caprate, adipate, malate, citrate and phenyl-acetate in API 20 NE system but β –galactosidase was produced. In the API 20 NE system, the isolates were identified as 0020004, 0060004, 0020104 codes. Tracheitis, air sacculitis, pneumonia and cheesy air sacs were pathological changes generally found in chickens infected with O. rhinotracheale. Trachea is the most important organ for the isolation of O. rhinotracheale. Key Words: Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Infection, Chicken, Indonesia

76 - 83

Authors: Indraningsih ., Yulvian Sani

The use of pesticides to control plant diseases may cause residual formation in crops, its byproduct and environmental. Furthermore, the use of agriculture byproduct as animal feed may cause poisoning or residual formation in animal products. The purpose of this study is to investigate of pesticide residues in brain tissues of dairy cattle in relation to animal feed as a contamination source. Samples consisted of animal feeds (19 samples of fodder and 6 samples of feed), 31 samples of sera and 25 samples of brain tissues of dairy cattle collected from Lembang, West Java. Feeds and fodders were collected from dairy farms located in Lembang. Sera were directly collected from 31 heads of Frisien Holstein (FH) cattle from the same location, while brain tissues of FH cattle were collected from a local animal slaughtering house. Pesticide residues were analysed using gas chromatography (GC). Both residues of organochlorines and organophosphates were detected from brain tissues with average residue concentration OP was 22.7 ppb and OC was 5.1 ppb and a total residue was 27.8 ppb. The pesticide residues in brain tissues are new information that should be taken into consideration since the Indonesian consumed this tissues as an oval. Although pesticides residue concentration was low, pathological changes were noted microscopically from the brain tissues including extracellular vacuolisation, focal necrosis, haemorrhages, dilatation of basement membrane without cellular infiltration. Both pesticide residues were also detected in sera, where OP (9.0 ppb) was higher than OC (4.9 ppb). These pesticides were also detected in animal feeds consisting fodders and feeds. Residues of OP (12.0 ppb) were higher than OC (1.8 ppb) in feeds, but residues of OP (16.8 ppb) were lower than OC (18.7 ppb) in fodders. Although, pesticide residues in sera and brain tissues were below the maximum residue limits (MRL) of fat, the presence of pesticides in brain tissues should be taken into consideration as their effects in brain lesions. There was a correlation between contaminant found in animal feeds and pesticide residues in sera and brain tissues of dairy cattle. Key Words: Pesticides, Residues, Brain, Dairy Cattle