Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Authors: Putu Kompiang, Supriyati ., O Sjofjan

An experiment has been conducted to study the effect of replacing feed additive zinc-bacitracine with probiotic Bacillus apiarius on layer performance. One thousand two hundreds 22-weeks old layers used in this experiment, were divided into three group-treatments and it further divided into 4 subgroups (100 birds/subgroup) as treatment replicates and distributed randomly. Layer in group I were fed basal diet + Growth promotant antibiotic (GPA)-zinc bacitracin, group II were fed basal diet + B. apiarius culture and group III were fed basal diet + commercial probiotic. Feed and water were given ad libitum during the 16 weeks trial. The treatments had no effect (P>0.05) on feed intake. Percentage of hen-day production of group II (88.75 ± 0.88%) was similar to group III (89.58 ± 1.14%), and both were very significantly (P<0.01) higher than group I (77.83 ± 6.21%). Total egg mass production of group II (5.82 ± 0.30 kg/head/16 weeks), was similar to group III (5.64 ± 0.51 kg/head/16 weeks) and both were significantly (P<0.01) higher than group I (4.85 ± 0.45 kg/head/16 weeks). The FCR value of group II (2.48 ± 0.10) was similar to group III (2.43 ± 0.14) and both were very significantly (P<0.01) better than group I (2.86 ± 0.26). The treatments had no effect on egg weight and egg shell thickness. Yolk’s cholesterol content of the group I (4.58 ± 0,56 mg/100 g) was significantly higher than group II (3.72 ± 0.34 mg/100 g) or group III (3.41 ± 0.43 mg/ 100 g). From the present trial it could be concluded that B. apiarius has a potential as probiotic for layer, it even gave better performance and lower cholesterol content of the yolk. Key words: Layer chickens, probiotic, cholestero

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Authors: Firdus ., Dewi Apri Astuti, Elizabeth Wina

It is reported that feedstuff preparation affects intake and digestibility of the ration. The objective of this experiment was to know the effect of physic conditions of Caliandra calothyrsus and its mixing with fresh Gliricidia sepium toward the digestibility and nutrient consumption of sheep. Fourty nine (49) thin tail sheep with the average body weight of 15.42 kg (SD 2.68) was randomly assigned into one out of five treatment groups of greenery feed which composed of different fresh Penisetum sp. (FP), fresh Caliandra calothyrsus (FC), fresh Gliricidia sepium (FG), dried C. calothyrsus (DC) and steamed C calothyrsus (SC). Treatment A (70% FP + 30% FC), B (70% FP + 30% FG), C (70% FP + 15% SC + 15% FG), D (70% FP + 15% DC +15% FG) and E (70% FP + 15% DC + 15% FG). The treatments had been carried out for 90 days. Water was given ad libitum. Parameters recorded in this experiment were nutrient consumption (dry matter/BK, crude protein, energy) and nutrient digestibility (BK, crude protein, energy). Data recorded were processed by covariant analysis with body weight of sheep at the early experiment treatment as a covariant. Results of the experiment showed that there were significant difference (P<0.05) between fresh, dried, and steamed C. calothyrsus and its mixing with fresh G. sepium toward the consumption and nutrient digestibility. The average of consumption and nutrient digestibility value were high in mixing treatment of 15% fresh C. calothyrsus with 15% fresh G. sepium. Key words: Sheep, Caliandra calothyrsus, Gliricidia sepium, consumption, digestibility

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Authors: Muharam Saepulloh

Investigations were carried out to identify molecular character of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) isolates from commercial layer chicken farm located at Lipa City, Batangas Province, the Philippines using western blotting. The virus was first isolated in chorio allantoic membrane (CAM). A-total of five isolates (#IV, #VI-C28, #VI-C29, #VI-C30, and #VII) produced typical plaque lesions in CAM at second passages such as yellowish plaques with opaque edges. Furthermore, five isolates were then characterized by western blotting on 7.5% of acrylamide. These results showed that Chicken antisera to the ILTV strain NS-175 (as standard sera), and rabbit antisera to vaccine strain (BAL-ILT) recognized four major viral protein with molecular weight of 205, 160, 85 and 60 kDa of isolates #VI-C28, #VI-C29, #VI-30 and #VII. While the isolate # IV produced viral protein of 205 and 85 kDa. The same four viral proteins were recognized by both ILTV antisera, indicating that the viral proteins of the vaccine strain and ILTV local isolates from Lipa City, Batangas Province, the Philippine had cross-reactivity. Thus, this cross reactivity may cause the effective protection afforded by the vaccine strain in the field. Key words: Infectious laryngotracheitis virus, CAM, western blotting, chicken

46 - 54

Authors: Indrawati Sendow, Helmy Hamid

The aims of this study are to isolate canine parvovirus (CPV) from the field case and to evaluate its histological aspects in CPV infected dogs. Samples were collected from intestine, intestine contained and mucose, as well as dogs feses from diarrhoea and blood diarrhoea. The suspension of those specimen was inoculated into Feline Kidney cells and observed for cythopathic effect (CPE). The presence of CPE indicated that there was viral isolate and continued to further identification using Haemaglutination (HA) test with pig red blood cells. Samples with positif in HA test were further identification using Haemaglutination Inhibition (HI) test against reference CPV antisera. Isolation result showed that from 81 samples processed, 10 samples indicated CPE in cell cultures, and had agglutinated in pig red blood cells and neutralised reference CPV antisera as the same titer of reference CPV antisera. Nine isolates were obtained from feces and 1 isolate was obtained from Mucose intestine from bloody diarrhoea dogs. Those isolates were also obtained from 1 to 2 days post blood diarrhea clinical signs. Two from 10 cadavers examined showed histological changes to CPV infection. Isolate of CPV, originally from feces, was also obtained from one of the two cadavers. Based on the results it was concluded that more CPV viral isolates can be obtained from bloody diarrhea feces. Key words: Canine parvovirus, inhibition, isolation, pathology, identification

276 - 280

Authors: Agus Wiyono, R Indriani, N.L.P.I Dhamaryanti, R Damayanti, L Parede, T Syafriati, Darminto

A study on the isolation and characterization of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza of chicken from outbreaks in Indonesia was conducted at Indonesian Research Institute for Veterinary Science. Outbreaks of avian disease had been reported in Indonesia since August 2003 affecting commercial layer, broiler, quail, and ostrich and also native chicken with showing clinical signs such as cyanosis of wattle and comb, nasal discharges and hypersalivation, subcutaneous ptechiae on foot and leg, diarre and sudden high mortality. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize the causal agent of the disease. Samples of serum, feather follicle, tracheal swab, as well as organs of proventriculus, intestine, caecal tonsil, trachea and lungs were collected from infected animals. Serum samples were tested haemaglutination/haemaglutination inhibition to Newcastle Disease and Egg Drop Syndrome viruses. Isolation of virus of the causal agent of the outbreak was conducted from samples of feather follicle, tracheal swab, and organs using 11 days old specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated eggs. The isolated viruses were then characterised by agar gel precipitation test using swine influenza reference antisera, by haemaglutination inhibition using H1 to H15 reference antisera, and by electron microscope examination. The pathogenicity of the viruses was confirmed by intravenous pathogenicity index test and its culture in Chicken Embryo Fibroblast primary cell culture without addition of trypsin. The study revealed that the causative agent of the outbreaks of avian disease in Indonesia was avian influenza H5 subtype virus based upon serological tests, virus isolation and characterization using swine influenza reference antisera, and electron microscope examination. While subtyping of the viruses using H1 to H15 reference antisera suggested that the virus is very likely to be an avian influenza H5N1 subtype virus. The pathogenicity test confirmed that the viruses are highly pathogenic to experimental animals. It is concluded that the causative agent of the outbreaks of avian disease in Indonesia was avian influenza H5 subtype virus. The result has been the basis of further study such as development serological tests and vaccine production. The decission of Indonesian Government to conduct vaccination program using homolog vaccine in order to control the disease is regarded as the correct choice. However, it should be accompanied by conducting surveillance and monitoring of the disease as well as the possibility of mutation of virus. The program should be coordinated nationally. Key words: Virus isolation, characterization, chicken, outbreak, highly pathogenic avian influenza