Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

205 - 209

Authors: I.P Kompiang

Three thousands 65 weeks old layers were used and divided into 3 groups of 1000 birds, and further divided into 4 sum group (250 birds/group) as treatment replicates, and distributed randomly.Layer in group 1 were fed a basal diet + antibiotic (AB), group 2 were fed a basal diet + 10^9 CFU Bacillus spp culture (PB-M) and group 3 were fed a basal diet and Bacillus spp culture was supplemented in their drinking water (10^9 CFU/litre) (PB-A). The trial was conducted for 14 weeks (2 weeks adaptation period, 10 weeks the feeding treatments, and 2 weeks post treatment, where the AB group continues supplemented with antibiotic, while the PB-M and PB-A group, the Bacillus spp culture supplementation was withdrawned. During the treatment period,% HD production and its FCR of the bird supplemented with Bacillus spp culture were highly significant (P<0.001) better than the one receiving antibiotic. There was no significant different between the PB-M and the PB-A groups. Prosentage HD production and its FCR during post treatment, the birds previously supplemented with Bacillus spp culture were remained significantly better than the one recieving antibiotic. The birds which were previously supplemented with Bacillus spp culture in the feed had significantly (P<0.01) better % HD production and FCR.It is concluded that Bacillus spp culture, could be used to replace antibiotics as a growth promotor, it even gave better results. Key words: Antibiotic, Bacillus spp, layer

215 - 218

Authors: T. Pasaribu, I.P. Kompiang

An experiment has been conducted to determine the possibility of using waste from chitosan processing, which contain shrimp soluble, as poultry feed. The fresh waste was immediately mixed with wheat pollard (1:1, w/w) and sun dried. Another portion of the waste was stored, at low pH (4.5) for 1 month before sun drying. Experimental rations were formulated to be isoprotein (21%) and isoenergy (3000 kcal/kg), with 25% wheat pollard (R1), WPUL 26.3% (R2), wheat polard 12.5% (R3) WPUL 13.2% (R4), WPUB 13.2% (R5). Each ration was fed to 40 doc broiler, divided into 5 cages (4 male and 4 female/cage). Feed and water were given ad lib during the 4 weeks trial period. Body weight gain of treatment R2 (762.8 gram) was significantly (P <0.05) lower than the other treatments, while there was no significant difference between treatment R1 (817.2 gram), R3 (816.0 gram), R4 (839.2 gram) and R5 (830.1 gram). And the FCR values were significantly different (P<0.05) between treatment R2 with R1, R3, R4, and R5, i.e. is 2.43; 2.24; 2.16; 2.16; and 2.06. Respectively it is concluded that chitosan waste, after sun drying and mixed with wheat pollard, could only be included in the formulation up to 13.2%. Key words : Chitosan waste, broiler

224 - 228

Authors: Budi Haryanto

An experiment has been carried out to investigate the effect of probiotic and ruminally less-degradable protein supplementation on the growth and efficiency of feed utilization in sheep. Thirty two male sheep with an average liveweight of 23 kg were divided into 4 groups of 8 individuals to test four dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were a) basal concentrate diet, b) basal concentrate diet supplemented with ruminally less degradable protein in proportion of 90:10%, c) basal concentrate supplemented with probiotic at 0.5%, and d) basal concentrate diet supplemented with ruminally less degradable protein and probiotic in proportion of 89.5:10:0.5% consequtively. The concentrate was fed at 1.5% of the liveweight, and adjusted every week after weighing the individuals. Napier grass was fed ad libitum after being chopped into 5 cm length. Drinking water was available adequately. The animals were individually caged. The experiment was carried out for 7-day adaptation to the dietary treatments and 42-day period of feeding trials. The parameters being observed include weekly liveweight changes, slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass characteristics. The results indicated that the liveweight changes were relatively the same for all treatment groups, which ranged from 89 to 94 g/d. However, the dry matter intakes ranged from 856 to 925 g/d. The slaughter weight ranged from 26.9 to 27.3 kg with carcass weight ranged from 12.0 to 12.8 kg indicating that the carcass percentage were in the range from 55.8 to 57.1% of the empty body weight. Probiotic supplement resulted in reduction of fat content in the meat from these observation, it is reasonable to assume that the use of probiotic in the diet reduced the carcass fat without affecting the daily weight gain. Key words: Sheep, probiotics, ruminally less-degradable protein, productivity.

234 - 240

Authors: Risa Indriani, Darminto

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute highly contagious viral respiratory disease of poultry caused by virus belongs to the family of Coronaviridae. The virus consist of many serotypes with low level of cross-protectivity among serotypes. Field data showed that the outbreaks of IB were frequently reported in chicken flocks, although vaccinations against the disease have been practiced. Hence, the study on serotype relationship among isolates of the viruses is essentially required. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize IB viruses from chicken flocks in some areas of Java. Isolation of the virus was carried out in nine-day old embrionated chicken eggs and identified by means of agar gel precipitation (AGP) tests against standard antisera to IB virus. The serotypes of the IB viral isolates were determined by cross-neutralization tests in nine day old embryonated chicken eggs using r value derived from homologous and heterologous serum titres as criteria. This study obtained 12 IB viral isolates which were identified on the basis of the ability to cause lesions in chicken embryos and positive to agar gel presipitation test against standard positive antiserum to the virus. Based on the cross-neutralization tests in embryonated chicken eggs, isolate I.9 was formed to have relationship closed to Mass-41 serotype, while I.2, I. 3, and I.7 isolates were closely to the serotype of Con-46. Virus isolates (I.5, I.14, I.24, and I.25) were decided to have no serotype relationships to either Mass-41 or Con-46 serotype. Since the I.5, I.14, I.24 and I.25 isolates were not neutralized by antisera against the previous identified local infectious bronchitis viral isolates, and that were considered to be distinct serotype to the previously identified local IB viral isolates. Key words: Infectious bronchitis, virus, embryonated egg, cross neutralization test.

250 - 254

Authors: Darmono ., Z Arifin, M.B Purwadikarta, A Safuani, U Waznah

Metallothionein is a metal-binding protein which always detected in the liver of chicken, especially essential element binding protein such as Zn-thionein. Zinc binding protein is usually used for enzyme activity in normal physiology of the animal. The aim of this study was to detect the effect of Cd given into feed on Zn-thionein contain in the liver of broiler chicken. Forty-five broiler chicken were divided into three groups, which was 15 animals in each group. Group 1 as a control group, Group 2 was given 100 mgCd/kg of feed, and group 3 was given 200 mgCd/kg of feed respectively. Body weight of five chicken per group were measured every day and liver samples of five animals per group were collected at day 7 , 14 and 21 after treatment respectively for analysis of Cd and Zn total concentrations and Cd and Zn binding protein. The result indicated that body weight of chicken in the treatment groups were lower than the control group. Zinc binding protein was highest in the control group after 21 days of treatment (2.35 ug/g), but it was low in the two treatment groups were 1.30 and 0.64 ug/g respectively, in which Cd-thionein was formed. On the other hand total Zn concentration were almost similar between treatment, 20.95 ug/g for the control group and 21.24 ug/g for group 2, and 25.37 ug/g for group 3 respectively (P>0.05). It can be concluded that Cd contamination in feed can cause decreased of Zn-thionein within 21 days of treatment, causing retardation of the animals. Key words: Cadmium, zinc, metallothionein, liver, chicken, feed