Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

148 - 160

Authors: Ismeth Inounu, Bess Tiesnamurti, Subandriyo ., Harimurti Martojo

The research was aimed to study factors that affected litter size (JAS), lamb survival (DHA) and litter weight at birth (BL) and at weaning (BS) on prolific ewes. Production records during the year of 1981-1993 were used in this study (1,437 records). Ewe genotypes (G), management levels (M), ewe parity (P) were the fixed effect and ewe gestation gain (PKB) was a covariable that included in the model. Analysis of variance for unbalanced data with general linear model procedure were used. Mean JAS was 1.77. Sources of variation that affected JAS were G, M, P-M interaction, and PKB. One copy of FecF gene increased the number of lambs born by 0.8. Changing toward a better management levels was followed by an increase of JAS. An increased of one kilogram PKB was also followed by an increase of 0.04 litter size born. The mean of BL was 3.43 kg and the sources of variation that affected BL were G, M and P-M interaction. At all management levels, primipara ewes had lower litter size at birth and litter birth weight than the pluripara ewes. Mean DHA found was 73.93%, it was affected by G-M interaction, P and PKB. First parity ewes has 11% lower of DHA than second parity ewes. An increase of 1 kg PKB was followed by an increase of 2.3% of DHA. Sources of variation that affected BS were G-M interaction, P and PKB. Mean BS in this study was 13.12 kg. Key words : Prolific sheep, lamb production

167 - 172

Authors: MuchJi Martawidjaja, B Setiadi, Sorta S Sitorus

An experiment was done to evaluate the protein-energy requirement for growing Kacang goats. Twelve males and 18 female goats, seven to eight months old were used in this study and randomized into three treatment groups, with four and six animals each, and were kept in individual pens. The treatments used were: R1= Elephant grass (E.G.) + concentrate C1 (21% CP; 3.9 Mcal GE/kg), R2 = E.G. + concentrate C2 (17% CP; 3.7 Mcal GE/kg), and R3 = E.G. + concentrate C3 (12% CP; 3.5 Mcal GE/kg), respectively. Fresh Elephant grass was offered in restricted, and concentrate was offered at 3% of body weight. The experiment was carried out for 12 weeks. Data were analysed by using factorial completely randomized design 2x3 (3 rations and 2 sexes). Parameters measured were: feed intake; average daily gain and feed conversion. The results indicated that among treatments there was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) intake (P>0.05), but crude protein (CP) intake of R1 was 23,6% higher than treatment R2; treatment R2 was 38.1% higher than R3 (P<0.01). Average daily gain (ADG) between treatment R1 and R2, and between R2 and R3 were not significantly different (P>0.05), but treatment R1 was 36.9% and significantly higher than R3 (P<0.01). Feed conversion (FC) between R1 and R2, and between R2 and R3 were not significantly different (P>0.05), but ration R1 was more efficient than R3 (P<0.01). DM intake, GE intake, and ADG of male goats each were 19.4% (P<0.05); 19.0% (P<0.01), and 28.2% (P<0.01) significantly higher than the female goats. Feed conversion between male and female goats was not significantly different (P>0.05). It was concluded that protein intake and average daily gain were increased, and feed conversion was more efficient as the crude protein-energy levels increased in the ration. Feed intake and average daily gain of male goats were higher and feed conversion was more efficient than the female goats. Key words : Protein-energy, Kacang goat

179 - 184

Authors: I.A.K Bintang, A.P Sinurat, T Murtisari, T Pasaribu, T Purwadaria, T Haryati

A series of experiment was carried out to evaluate the use of palm kernel meal and its fermented product in the ration of growing ducks. Treatments were arranged in a 2x3 factorial experiment, i.e. the combination between two processes (unfermented and fermented palm kernel meal) and three levels of ingredients in the diet (5, 10 and 15%). Four replicates were applied for each treatment, with 8 ducklings in each replicate. A control diet with no palm kernel meal was also formulated. All diets were formulated to have a similar protein and ME contents. Results of the experiment showed that fermentation process increased the nutrient composition (crude protein, true protein, phosphorus, and the metabolizable energy) and reduced its fibre and fat content. The feeding trial showed that neither the fermentation process, levels of ingredients nor the interactions of the two factors affected final body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, carcass percentage and abdominal fat of the ducklings significantly. It is concluded that fermentation process improved the nutritional value of palm kernel meal and the inclusion of palm kernel meal (unfermented and fermented), up to 15% in the diet of ducks did not negatively affect the growthperformance and the carcass yield. Key words : Ducks, palm kernel meal, fermentation

191 - 195

Authors: S Widjajanti, S.E Estuningsih, S Partoutomo, J.A Roberts, T.W Spithill

resistance is heritable. In order to re-evaluate this evidence, 20 ITT sheep were infected with 350 metacercariae of F. gigantica and for comparison, 10 St. Croix sheep, 10 Merino sheep and 20 crossbred of ITT x St. Croix sheep were also infected with the same dose of metacercariae. The results showed that ITT sheep was highly resistant than the other breed, whereas St. Croix and Merino sheep were susceptible. 60% of the crossbred were as resistant as ITT sheep and the other 40% were as susceptible as the St. Croix sheep. Thus, it is proposed that there might be a hereditary resistance factor such as a dominant gene which inducing the mechanism of resistance in ITT sheep, and there is some indication that IgG2 might act as a blocking antibody that interferes the mechanism of resistance. Key words : ITT sheep, Fasciola gigantica, genetic resistance, dominant gene

202 - 208

Authors: Sukarsih ., S Partoutomo, E Satria, C.H Eisemann, P Willadsen

Myiasis control by means of individual treatment of animals which are mainly rised extensively is time consumed and expensive. The alternative way to control this disease by vaccination is considered effective and economically accepted. However the expected vaccine is now still being developed under a collaborative project between CSIRO, Inter-University Centre on Biotechnology-ITB and Research Institute for Veterinary Science and funded by ACIAR. There are several antigens have been identified as vaccine candidates and an in vitro bioassay technique has been developed for assessing the immunoresponses of vaccine in sheep. Three antigens were used for vaccines in this study, these included protein peritrophic membrane (PM), soluble extract (SE) and pellet extract (PE) of 1st instar larvae of Chrysomya bezziana. Twenty four experimental sheep were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals, 3 groups of animals were injected with PM, SE and PE vaccines with the dose rate of 0.5 g PM/head, 0.8 g PE/head and 4.2 ml LE/head respectively, and the other one group was injected with 4 ml PBS/head as a control group. Vaccination with the same dose was repeated 4 weeks after the 1st vaccination as a booster, and 2 weeks after the booster the sheep were challenged with live larvae, 3 days after challenge animals were killed. Sera were collected at the day of vaccination, 4 weeks after vaccination, 2 weeks after booster, and 3 days after challenge. An in vitro bioassay technique was conducted by culturing 1st instar larvae on five media containing sera collected from each experimental animal. The effects of sera on cultivated larvae were assessed by means of larval weight and larval mortality rate. The results indicated that the growth rate and survival of cultivated larvae in media containing anti-PM sera were significantly lower (P<0.01) compared to the larvae cultivated on media with sera on the day of vaccination. The larval weight depression by anti- PM sera collected at 3 days after challenge was 65% of that larvae cultivated on media with sera collected on the day of vaccination. Anti-PM sera depressed the growth rate and survival of larvae significantly greater (P<0.05) than that of anti-PE or anti-LE sera. It is concluded that PM has the best immunoresponses and as the candidate of choice for myiasis vaccine. Key words : In vitro bioassay, myiasis, immunoresponses, Chrysomya bezziana