Italian Journal of Sports rehabilitation and Posturology

2810 -2828

Authors: Grassadonia Gabriele , Sacchetta Luca, Rosati Viviana, Locuratolo Nicoletta

Acute distal abdominal oblique tear confirmed by ultrasound and radiograph imaging, rare soccer injury, suitable for study in the postural field. Following an original protocol, never described in sport, relatively still little addressed even in the clinical setting, the subject underwent an integrated postural assessment based on the study of postural changes in different tests with and without receptor stimuli and on tests with different rates of dynamism. A U16 elite soccer player of Italian Championship, evaluate with innovative and multifactorial tests, which overcomes the drawback of a partial and incomplete observation of postural abnormalities/changes arising from the use of single or multiple receptor stimulation, as commonly occur in diagnostic routine tests. The corrections examined regard static and dynamic tests, such as rasterstereography, podalic morphometry, stabilometry, baropodometry and sprint running test with GPS-IMU, showing different outcomes to different stimuli, that indicate the importance of having a multimodal postural approach. Moreover, a major comprehensive postural evaluation, closely related to specific sports situations, can target the correct therapeutic approach in a more specific way, bringing out different behaviours and motor adaptations, defining a "roadmap" which aims to individualize training practices to optimize locomotor strategies, seeking as far as possible to prevent injuries or to recover better from them.

2684 – 2694

Authors: Lazar Pajović, Milomir Trivun, Rosario D'Onofrio

There are many publications that try to explain the problem of the influence of physical activity on body composition. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which physical activity has an impact on the body composition of the female population. The method consisted of collecting relevant literature, tabulation and further analysis. We conclude that physical activity has significant effects on the body composition of women and as such has a positive impact on health. Encouragement towards a better diet, promotion and exercise of physical activities to a greater extent is one of the preconditions for timely sanctioning of the problem of poor body composition

2705 - 2718

Authors: Armin Zećirović, Goran Vasić, Rosario D'Onofrio

Research data for the purposes of this review were collected through electronic search engines PubMed, Scholar Google. After reviewing the entire texts according to the inclusion criteria, 15 papers remained, which are included in the detailed analysis and tabelar presentation .Physical activities of aerobic character give real results if performed 3-5 times a week. The duration of the activity should be within 50-60 minutes. Exercise will certainly lead to positive cardiorespiratory changes in both men and women.Cardiorespiratory endurance is associated with the development of the ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to maintain and deliver oxygen to engaged muscles during long-term physical activity, as well as the ability of muscles to receive the necessary energy through aerobic processes. Physical activities have a significant impact on cardiorespiratory abilities, more precisely, there is an increase in the maximum consumption of oxygen and an increase in the personal fitness index related to the increase in respiratory capabilities. Arterial blood pressure is significantly corrected, however, it is necessary to start exercising physically for preventive purposes in time.

2738 – 2749

Authors: Dejan Vasković

Abstract. Morphological characteristics represent the primary information about the psychosomatic status of a person that determines the system of basic morphological latent dimensions, regardless of whether those dimensions were developed under the special influence of the external environment or not. The aim of the research is to determine the morphological profile of karate in relation to the weight category to which they belong. The research was conducted on a sample of 31 young karate fighters, aged 12 to 15 years. All respondents are medal winners at regional championships. The sample of anthropometric measures will consist of 13 measures, which are part of the battery of 39 measures of the International Biological Program (IBP). ANOVA test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences in the mean values of variables between karate players of different weight categories.

2762 - 2778

Authors: Sannicandro Italo, D’Onofrio Rosario, Lupelli Nicolangelo, Cofano Giacomo

Introduction. The literature in recent years has showed the requirement to analyse the differences in performance between the two lower limbs. The lower limbs functional asymmetries are determined by strength deficits between the two limbs and differ from muscular imbalances, which represent an alteration in the strength relationship between agonist and antagonistic muscle pairs. This asymmetry seems to significantly affect performance but above all it seems to represent an injury risk factor. Aim of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyse and understand the lower limb asymmetry values in the young soccer players. The study also verify whether neuromuscular training on unstable and small surfaces provides an effective plan able to reduce functional asymmetries and allows the strength performance increase. Materials and methods. 35 young male soccer players (all movement players) from youth national team in the 2020/21 season (14.46 ± 0.28 years, weight: 49.16± 4.92 kg; height: 162.5± 7.2 cm, age training: 7,9 ± 1,1 years) have been randomly divided into Experimental Group, EG (n=17) and Control Group, CG (n=20). The EG completed a total of 16 training sessions directed at balance and neuromuscular training on unstable or small surfaces: two 30-minute sessions/week over a 8-week period. The CG followed an identical training schedule, but training sessions consisted of soccer-specific drills only. The performances were assessed in the One-Leg Hop test, Side-Hop test, Triple-Hop test and Crossover-Hop test to quantify percent asymmetries in lower-limb strength before (T0) and following (T1) training. Results. The data analysis returns the highlights significant intergroup results (T0 vs T1): the One-Leg Hop test left limb (p = .05, d = -2,67), the One-Leg Hop test asymmetry score (%, p = .0005, d = 10.77), the Side-Hop test asymmetry score (%, p = .0005, d = 4.25), the Triple-Hop test right limb ( p = .0005, d = -6.40), the Triple-Hop test left limb ( p = .0005, d = -7.32), the Triple-Hop test asymmetry score (%, p = .0005, d = 6,96), the Crossover-Hop test left limb (p = .05, d = -2.04), the Crossover-Hop test asymmetry score (%, p = .0005, d = -4.12). Conclusions. The neuromuscular and balance training on small and unstable surfacess seem to respond effectively to two needs of the young soccer player: the injury prevention, by reducing the strength asymmetry values, and increasing the lower limb explosive strength values.

2597 - 2617

Authors: Ljubica Milanović, Bojan Bjelica, Nikola Aksović, Vanja Cicović, Rosario D'Onofrio

Explosive power is one of the most popular motor skills in sports today. It manifests itself as the power of reflection, impact, sudden acceleration, ejection of various devices and props (ball, spear, ball). Sports in which explosive power is significantly represented are: athletic sprints, jumps and throws, parts of sports games, martial arts . We must keep in mind that work on the explosive power of the lower extremities (all types of jumps on one or both legs) can be carried out only under the condition that in the initial period the means of general preparation created the basis for strength and coordination. jumping training. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the explosive power of the lower extremities in handball.

2629 -2637

Authors: Bandara S G I N G, Wijethunga W M N S , Sirimuthu N M S

Introduction: Sports participation for people of all ages is associated with an array of psychosocial health benefits including resilience, improved mental health, a sense of belonging, higher levels of self-efficacy, reduced stress, enhanced coping, and positivity. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the impact of physical activity level on the quality of life among national baseball league players in Sri Lanka. Method: A cross-sectional study was designed with 144 National league baseball players who played national league held in 2019, 25.63±2.75 age range. The quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief version questionnaire. The physical activity was evaluated using an International physical activity questioner. Data were assessed by standard calculation using point scales for WHOQOL-BREF, transformed scores, and MET values of physical activity, 0.05 taken as cutoff p-value to assess impact. Results: According to spearman ranked correlation there is a positive correlation (p= 0.000) between physical activity level and each (physical domain, psychological domain, social domain, environmental domain) four domains of quality of life. Conclusion: It can be concluded that if people are involved with physical activities is positively impacted the quality of life of the people.

2436 – 2451

Authors: Nikola Aksović, Ljubinko Jovanović, Bojan Bjelica, Milan Zelenović, Rosario D’Onofrio

The primary goal of teaching physical education is to increase the fund of motor knowledge, habits and skills. Regardless of the recognized importance of the subject, in most countries in the world the number of classes is constantly declining, and there are certain financial problems in the implementation of teaching, which affects the quality and manner of curricula. The aim of this review is to show the importance and role of methodological and organizational forms of work in physical education classes as well as to show and strengthen the role of teachers in the process of programming, planning, implementation and evaluation of physical education classes. Reduced physical activity of students, which reached only 20% of active time, led to the appearance of various forms of work that raised the value of active time in class over 50% (additional exercise), 61% (polygon and station), while the form of circular training very little time used for preparation, that is, 90% of the time remains for work. The wave and the beginning are the organizational forms of work that are mostly applied in Serbia. Thus, it can be concluded that the methodological and organizational forms of work have led to positive transformations of students, primarily in the field of motor skills.

2465 - 2494

Authors: Jan van de Rakt, Steve McCarthy-Grunwald

Introduction. The reality for the individual that has suffer from an stroke is visible in the text that an person with an severe stroke say: “ Brilliant that I can move and managed my shoulder and elbow and have less difficulties with the ADL and no pain, but at the end of the arm is my hand and that is purpose of al that shoulder movement to bring my affected hand in an position that I can use him .” I was silent. He was right , I wasn’t capable to get an good hand-function . He was able to pick up something and open his hand but only with mass flexion and mass extension . And often when he don’t look to his hand was the object gone ! The therapy remain on that level but when stop an while, he experience what he loss in an short time and his motivation was present again . Still it is never the treatment goal to hold that level!! After the treatment of the flexor attitude and movement synergy, now there is more dissociation possible and that can be through recovery but also through an good treatment. But that means don’t stop, go one with dissociation, also with the hand to get the highest possible level! Design . The science has much efforts in the developmental of robotic and F.E.S. stimulation techniques but still today it isn’t clear that this has the answer for the recovery of the arm and especially the hand and it isn’t also clear or this is an better way to get more function in the hand. But obvious there is much more possible to get an better arm-hand function by using this inventions, but than for all stroke survivors with arm and hand function decrease. An eclectic approach will use everything to get an better result but always with an good base of science and with the training and motoric learning rules in the head. To get an result in the damaged brain must have an amount of intensity to get the brain working on his plasticity. The question remain that we not know how much plasticity an damaged brain has and obvious that is different for every stroke survivor. Conclusion. Therefore therapist try everything what you think can help but also science keep on searching !! And this can also be done in the chronic stage of this disease. In this part also “manipulation techniques to get the diagonals make an better “communication” between them and the muscle pattern and create better keypoint. Often that manipulation is tone inhibition and hands-on technique to use that inhibition for an better facilitation and working on better movements also in direct relation with the A.D.L. Technique that often have great impact in the subacute and chronic phase.

2335 – 2348

Authors: Nikola Aksović, Filip Milanović, Bojan Bjelica, Dejan Nikolić, Nemanja Jovanović, Rosario D’Onofrio

Wheelchair basketball (WB) is a variation of basketball and is played by people with various physical disabilities that are characterized by chronic or severe conditions that limit the ability to use the lower limbs to play basketball in running. The present study is a review study that presents the critical points of existing knowledge about a theoretical approach to the topic of "wheelchair basketball". The aim of this study was to provide an analysis and overview of WB. WB game rules are different compared to running basketball game rules due to the manner of moving, type of faults, and functional classification of players on the court. The basic equipment for the game is wheelchairs and therefore special attention is paid to them and they developed as the sport developed. Each competitor, depending on the degree of disability, has a certain number of points, and the international classification range is from 1.0 to 4.5 points. In conclusion, WB is an intermittent team game for people with physical impairments characterized by chronic or serious conditions limiting their ability to use lower limbs to play running basketball. Therefore, the recommendation to future researchers is to do more research on Paralympic sports, and thus WB, which is one of the most interesting and demanding sports for people with disabilities.

2384 -2421

Authors: Jan van de Rakt, Steve McCarthy-Grunwald

Introduction To increase the possibilities of the hemiplegic arm is this the way to get out the synergy and exercises to an higher level. The differences are big, high cortical there is an high representation of the hand but on an lower level isn’t that completely changed. Still there are areas in the brain that have an connection with the arm, that we can use to get an optimal result and the best way to integrated the remaining possibilities in the ADL. Still much isn’t clear and the answer is still not there what is necessary to get the affected hand –especially- on an higher level. Design. Every person is different and that asked for an personal treatment still … Once an person after an severe stroke say to me: “ Brilliant that I can move and managed my shoulder and elbow and have less difficulties with the ADL and no pain, but at the end of the arm is my hand and that is purpose of all that shoulder movement to bring my affected hand in an position that I can use him .” I was silent. He was right, I wasn’t capable to get an good hand-function. He was able to pick up something and open his hand but only with mass flexion and mass extension . And often when he don’t look to his hand was the object gone ! The programme from Yekutil is perfect but he couldn’t master the last part because his damage brain wasn’t capable to build an good projection that allow him to work with his hand. Conclusion. The therapy remain on that level but when stop an while, he experience what he loss in an short time and his motivation was present again . Still it is never the treatment-goal to hold that level or ….!! After the treatment of the flexor attitude and movement synergies, now there is more dissociation possible and that can be through recovery but also through an good treatment. But that means don’t stop, going on with dissociation, also with the hand to get the highest possible level!!