ADLİ TIP BÜLTENİ

124

Authors: Halis Dokgöz

Dear Forensic Scientists, Last year, 2014, was quite challenging and highly fruitful for The Bulletin of Legal Medicine. With this issue, we have completed our regularly published since 1996 journal's volumes of 2012 and 2013, and 2014 issues even with increasing numbers of papers. For The Bulletin of Legal Medicine 2014 was a year of restructuring. Firstly, we have started our “Open Journal System” by establishing journal's website. Based on the philosophy of free science we make PDF version of all articles published since 1996 freely available in through our system. We updated and reactivated journal's national and international advisory board. We successively achieved to initiate a more efficient manuscript evaluation system by double blinded review on "Open Journal System". With these improvements our journal is currently being indexed by many national and international databases. We will continue to publish actual invited literature reviews by highly qualified invited professionals in the field. Dr.C.A.Bemard, who brought countless innovations to Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Adliye-i Şahane, is a highly valuable scholar with his dissection and autopsy studies. We are sure that you will benefit from the paper entitled “An Assessment on the Works of Charles Ambroisse Bernard, the founder of Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Adliye-i Şahane (Imperial School of Medicine), and his effects on Ottoman” by Hülya Öztürk and Cezmi Karasu. We thank the authors who willingly share this archival work with our readers. In this issue, we are glad to share an invited article entitled “The Role of Psychology in Investigations” by our colleague Donna Youngs and Emek Yüce Zeyrek-Rios from Huddersfield University International Research Centre for Investigative Psychology (IRCIP). Valuable forensic scientists. The Bulletin of Legal Medicine will be with you with innovation and surprises in 2015. The phenomenon of tutorials, developer, and exchanger characteristic of case as stated by famous Italian thinker Gramsci, is evident in manuscripts submitted to our journal. We will share more case works in our further issues. At this point, we would like to emphasize that we continue to our scientific journey thanks to valuable contribution by forensic science professionals as authors and reviewers. To meet in innovation, we wish 2015 to bring health and happiness. Best regards, Prof.Dr.Halis Dokgöz

135-145

Authors: Donna YOUNGS, Emek Yüce ZEYREK-RIOS

The current paper will review the ways psychology, particularly Investigative Psychology, contributes to investigations. The three broad types of contributions are;investigative inferences, the investigation process and the assessment and improvement of investigative information. Psychology can provide useful decision support tools to facilitate the investigation processes and help investigators to give more appropriate decisions. The application of psychological principles is also beneficial in the evaluation process of the accuracy of the investigative information. Grounded on the actuarial evidence, psychology is able to generate answers to many questions raised in different stages of police investigations. Key words: Crime, Investigation, Profiling, Investigative Psychology

154-160

Authors: Ümit Ünüvar, Özgür Can, Şebnem Korur Fincancı, Metin Bakkalcı, Ahmet Tellioğlu, Bahattin Özdemir, Çağlar Özdemir, Elif Kırteke, Emre Kapkın, Ertan Güven, Halis Ulaş, Hülya Üçpınar, Kaan Toker, Kemalettin Acar, Kerem Altıparmak, Münip Ermiş, Nadir Arıcan, Özkan Yücel, Sema İlhan, S. Serhat Gürpınar, Sezai Berber, Şükran İrençin, Türkcan Baykal, Ufuk Katkıcı, Ümit Biçer, Yalçın Büyük

Official medico-legal documents about police custodies in Turkey were reviewed in the framework of the project named “Istanbul Protocol Training Programme: Enhancing the Knowledge Level of Non- Forensic Expert Physicians, Judges and Prosecutors” conducted by Turkish Medical Association and International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims, in 2007-2009. The objectives of this study were to assess a process of medico-legal examinations and the quality of documents for detainees, before the Istanbul Protocol trainings and to determine whether the whole process followed was suitable in terms of Istanbul Protocol and to developed appropriate recommendations. Documents prepared just before the trainings by state employed physicians describing medical examination before and after police custodies were reviewed in Turkey. A multi-centered qualitative study was planned to reflect the overall country. One medico-legal document prepared before-police-custody and another document prepared after-police-custody on 61 different days between January 2008 and February 2009 were requested from 42 different units in 14 cities. A total of 1288 medico-legal documents were evaluated by using the General Medico-Legal Examination Report Form's questions involving the principles of forensic medicine services issued in a circular letter by the Ministry of Health in 2005. The analysis showed no differences between all cities and all units in terms of suitability of Istanbul Protocol. Of 1288 documents 86% had no formal structure such as including forensic medicine specialists need training for Istanbul Protocol. Key Words: Forensic medicine, Training, Standard examination forms, Medico-legal documentation, Istanbul Protocol.

176-179

Authors: Volkan Ünal, Esra Ünal, Zafer Çetinkaya, Zeynep Yener, Mehmet Fatih Yıldız, Humman Şen, Sadi Çağdır

According to the Law of the Council of Forensic Medicine; third specialization Board of the Council of Forensic Medicine is responsible for the expertise of medical malpractice cases. Allied health professionals have critical role on providing health care. Nurse’s, responsible on clinics, are also responsible for providing suitable educational environment. With this study we will present 4 cases, sent to the council of Forensic medicine asking whether the applications of student nurses’ can be considered as medical malpractice, in order to discuss about the duties of allied health professionals and the consequences of the failure of providing the necessary training to student nurses. Key words: İnjection, Malpractice, Nurse

185-189

Authors: Orhan MERAL, Nihal ERDOĞAN, Hülya GÜLER, Ahsen KAYA, Aytaç KOÇAK

Fat embolism is defined as the presence of fat globules in the lung parenchyma or circulation after long bone fracture or other major trauma and often asymptomatic. However, fat embolism syndrome is the clinical symptoms and signs that defined after fat embolism and can be a fatal statement. It often manifests 24 - 72 hours after trauma with central nervous system, respiratory and urinary tract, eyes and skin symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to reduce the risk of death. While these cases often carry judicial nature and so, this clinical situation must be kept in mind during the arrangement of the forensic reports of these cases. In this case report, a 30-year-old male case is detailed in which the patient was injured after an extravehicular traffic accident and developed pulmonary fat embolism afterwards and was presented to our department with the request of a final forensic report. It is intended to emphasize on the elements to take into consideration while diagnosing fat embolism and draw attention to the changes made under subject "injuries result with risk of life", in the guide published in June, 2013 with title "The Evaluation of Injury Crimes Defined in the Turkish Penal Code with regards to Forensic Medicine". Keywords: Forensic report, complication, fat embolism, medicolegal evaluation.

193-197

Authors: Ali Metin, Nursel Gamsız Bilgin, Veli Yıldırım

People with disabilities constitute a large portion of our society as approximately 12.3%. İndividuals with disabilities have been in the risk group of violence. Disabled people have been target of physical, sexual, economic, emotional violence such as children, women and elderly. As a result of the violence experience they may have physical, mental problems, increasing disabled level or die. Many national and international research include that people with disabilities are exposed to different type of violence especially physical and sexual violence. 9 year old child that had lived in disabled care service, exposed to severe violence and neglect from care service worker. To show the incidence and result of violence and neglect contribute destruction the source of violence.

1

Authors: Halis Dokgoz

The Bulletin of Legal Medicine, based on feedback from distinguished forensic science professionals, continuous to improve its quality in terms of publication process and published papers, since catching timely and regular publication in 2014. We are happy to publish actual literature reviews by highly qualified invited professionals in the field. In this issue, we are glad to share a precious article entitled “Medico-Legal Death Investigators: A Profession that could Contribute to Criminal Justice System” by our colleague Volkan Çetin from Albert Einstein College of Medicine Montefiore Medical Center, New York, USA. We would like to acknowledge contributing forensic science professionals for their precious supports as authors and reviewers. Sincerely

75-80

Authors: Beytullah KARADAYI1, Hüseyin AFŞİN2, Şükriye KARADAYI3, Abdi ÖZASLAN1

Atlases visualizing the development and eruption of teeth are used for age estimation in dentistry practices and in forensic sciences. This method is very practical and provides a big advantage, since it can be utilized both for living individuals and for corpses. It is especially useful and effective in identification studies during disasters with many victims. This study is a validation study of a tooth development atlas created for juvenile citizens of the Turkish Republic. Eighty panoramic teeth graphs of 5 to 22-year-old individuals with known age and sex were obtained from an imaging center within ethical principles under the condition that their personal information will be kept clandestine. The eruption and development phases of the teeth in each graph were assessed using the atlas method to estimate the age. It was found that age estimation for all graphs at and below 14 years-of-age was made with 95% accuracy with ±1 error margin and for those between 14-22 years-of-age was made with 92.5% accuracy with ±2 error margin from the data of juvenile citizens of the Turkish Republic. Obtained results suggested that the tooth development atlas created by Karadayı et al. is useful and practical for forensic age estimation and identification studies of victims of mass disasters. Keywords: Dental age estimation, Dental development atlas, Panoramic graph, Turkish population.

87-95

Authors: Yasemin BALCI1, Melike ERBAŞ2, Şahin IŞIK1, Kenan KARBEYAZ3

This research has been designed to evaluate victims of sexual assault crimes whom were sent to Forensic Medicine Department in Muğla, in last two years. Due to this purpose, 385 forensic reports issued for 341 sexual assault cases on behalf of victims between 01 June 2012 and 31 May 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Additional to demographic parameters such as, victims' ages, sexes, relations between accused ones and victims, region of crime, and the period duration between the crime and forensic evaluation are also evaluated statistically. 90.3% of the cases were female and 9.7% of them were male. 90.6 were Turkish citizen, rest of them have different nationalities. 63.3% or the victims were younger than 18 years old, 36.7 of them were older than 19 years old. 50.1% of the victims were teen ages between 13 and 18 years old. In 23.8% of the cases accused ones were ex or ongoing boyfriend, lowers, or fiancée, in 17.3 % of the cases they were relatives. 56.3 % of the cases, it happened it house conditions. In 17.6% of the cases it has been detected that sexual assault had been going on since before 2011. 50.1 % of the cases had happened between May and August. 33.7% of the victims have been evaluated by a physician in 72 hours after the crime and 33.7 of them were performed in Forensic Medicine Department. Keywords: Forensic Medicine, Sexual Assault, Genital Examination.

100-104

Authors: Derya ŞAHİN1, Rehat FAİKOĞLU2, İbrahim ŞAHİN3, Mira Rana GÖKDOĞAN4, Sibel YAŞAR5, Neşe ALPARSLAN5, Ebru DERELİ5, Gökhan FAİKOĞLU6

The issue malpractice, which is an important and multi-dimensional concept, has been debated in recent years and as a result, an increase of penalty and compensation cases are states that will be harmful to a patient by not giving treatment, by not applying standard medical applications with intent, fault, or negligence by the health staff, and by wrong treatment applications. In malpractice cases may occur during nursing care, nurses are faced with penalty applications for being contrary to ethic principle is no damage his/her body integrity of ethical principles. In this study, cases of nursing malpractice were discussed with literature and it was aimed to draw attention errors and their reasons, importance of suitable approach for prevention K e y Wo r d s : M a l p r a c t i c e , N u r s i n g , D r u g Applications.

108-111

Authors: Ramazan İLHAN1, Bahadır ÖZEN2, Cemil BEDER3, Oğuzhan ÖĞÜT1, Celal BÜTÜN1, Sulhattin ARSLAN4, Fatma YÜCEL BEYAZTAŞ1

Fat embolism, generally serious trauma or surgery later, is to pass to the systemic circulation of the oil droplets released from the bone marrow or the soft tissues. It is developed after long bone fractures in the young, but also after hip fracture in the elderly. The clinical table occurred usually 24-48 hours after trauma may be such as light or can progress to respiratory failure and also death. In this case, the 84-year-old woman has been admitted to the hospital due to the traffic accident with complaint pains in the left arm and the left pelvic area. On orthopedic consultation, she was made the close reduction because of the left shoulder dislocation, the left supracondylar humerus fracture and the left ramus pubic fracture, and then, she was discharged to her house. She was reported as “dead” at the house after about three hours from accident. In autopsy of forensic case regarded as suspicious death, it was seen the hemorrhagic featured liquid out on the lung sections, the left shoulder dislocation, the left supracondylar humerus fracture and the left ramus pubic deplase fracture. In the postmortem histopathological examination, it was determined the stage IV of fat embolism in the interstitial capillary lumens in the lungs and the common bone marrow embolism in the mediumsized pulmonary vascular. According to the story of the event, the contents of the medical records, and the macroscopic-histopathological examination findings during autopsy; the death of the case occurred as a result of fat embolism in the lung together with extremity fractures depending on the general body trauma after the traffic accident. After post-traumatic bone fractures, early fixation and immobilization of the fractures is important to prevent the formation of fat embolism. Being careful follow-up and treatment of the cases is important in terms of prevention of the medical practice. Also, in the cases, the broken bones in the accident identified and evaluated as suspicious death; the contribution of the autopsy and the postmortem histopathological examination is clear on determining the diagnose. Key Words: Fat embolism, trauma, forensic medicine, autopsy, suspicious death.