International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences

26 – 32

Authors: Dilip C. Nath; H. Brojeshwor Singh

The societies with high fertility rate exposed very less rate of son preference over daughter. But the fertility decline has a linkage of greater demand for son than daughter. In Manipur, a high proportion i.e. 31.2% of married women want more sons than daughters according to NFHS-3 which is declining from that of 36.5% in NFHS-2 and 43.4% in NFHS-1, so that, the factors associated with desire of more sons have caused high fertility indices in the state. The objective of this study is to investigate the socio-demographic determinants of fertility differential and the third birth transition. This is a cross sectional, community based study of 1296 women and was conducted through a cluster sampling scheme in four valley districts of Manipur-Bishnupur, Imphal East, Imphal West and Thoubal. The multiple and logistic regression models are adopted in addition to the classical statistical tests. Results show that, the age at marriage, education, income, desire number of son, duration of marriage, infant mortality etc. have significant contribution on the variation of fertility indices. One of the most important determinants of the fertility indices is son preference which is quantified by desire number of son in one way or others. The son preference is most important factor among other socio-demographic determinants of fertility differentials in Manipur. The findings may be useful in community maternal health management.

42 – 49

Authors: Mahboubeh Fatemi; Mohammad Reza Behmanesh

A new paradigm for public management, called "New Public Management", has emerged since the 1980s that is formed to confront at present problems. This model is originated from the fusion of economic theories and private sector management techniques. The most relief particulars of this model are decreasing government size, the decentralization of management authority, the emphasis on efficiency, effectiveness and economy. This paper examines how New Public Management (NPM) impacts on fulfilling different aspects of accountability in the public sector. In the Traditional Approach of Accountability, politicians and civil servants are liable to elected authorities but in this approach also, they should be liable to people. Therefore, in NPM there is a shift in accountability from the political to the managerial sphere and from input and processes to output and outcomes. The result shows under this approach, operational and managerial accountability fulfill but are not considered political and financial aspects of accountability.