Revista MVZ Cordoba

5991-5993

Authors: José A. Oteo

It is not easy to write an editorial and provide useful knowledge on such varied topics of vector-borne diseases (BVD) as infections of Zika, dengue, chikungunya, hantavirus, arenavirus; Tick-borne infections such as anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis and erlichiosis, as well as parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. In the literature about it, there are rivers of ink written, and putting order in one or two pages would be very bold. Nevertheless, it is worth highlighting the emergent and re-emerging character in which the BVDs are also framed and how the phenomena associated with globalization collaborate in its expansion and resurgence.

6004-6013

Authors: Yeison Agudelo-Ruíz, Leidy Acevedo-Gutiérrez, Andrés Montoya-Sanchéz, Luis Paternina T, Juan Rodas G

Objetive. To detect and identify Anaplasmataceae agents and piroplasms in equines from the slaughterhouse “La Rinconada” at Rionegro municipality in Antioquia. Materials and Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on equines selected by convenience during a period of 2015. Information about species, sex, age and origin of the animals. Whole blood was collected for DNA extraction procedure, and a PCR targeting a 360bp of Anaplasmataceae 16S ribosomal gene and 450bp of 18S ribosomal gene of Piroplasm were used for detection. PCR amplicons selected were submitted to direct sequencing for identification of hemoparasites through genetic analysis. Results. 135 equine samples from Antioquia, Cordoba y Sucre were analyzed. 78% were horses, 16% were donkeys and 6% were mules. Anaplasmataceae agents were not detected in any sample, meanwhile 13% were positive to piroplasm PCR. Sequence analysis reveals the circulation of Theileria equi in northwestern Colombia. Conclusion. This work presents the first molecular evidence of at least three genotypes of T. equi in equines of northwestern Colombia.

6023-6033

Authors: María Badillo-Viloria, Anderson Díaz-Perez, Christian Orozco-Sánchez, Rodrigo de Lavalle-Galvis

Objective. Determine the prevalence of infection by Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma sp. and its correlation with epidemiological and laboratory aspects, in dogs treated in veterinary clinics in Barranquilla, Colombia. Materials and methods. Retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study. The data was obtained between the months from January to August 2015. 184 dogs that clinically presented the infection with these agents were studied. Criteria for positivity were immunochromatography kit and blood smear, epidemiological and laboratory data. Results. Global prevalence was ascertained as 34% (63 dogs), 28% (52/184 dogs) for E. canis and 6% (11/184 dogs) to Anaplasma sp. Hemogram of dogs infected with both bacteria were hematocrit decreased, they also showed leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Conclusions. Findings reported in this study show a high prevalence and endemicity of E. canis y Anaplasma sp. in Barranquilla when compared with other colombian regions. Hemogram findings showed to be relevant to diagnostic and prognostic of these infectious diseases.

6044-6049

Authors: Angie Toro-Cantillo, María Atencia-Pineda,, Richard Hoyos-López

Objective. Our aim was evaluate the presence of phlebotomine sandflies in an important rural area with eco-epidemiological interest in San Bernardo del Viento (Córdoba, Colombia). Materials and Methods. The insects identified were collected using CDC-traps and manual aspirator in closed trees between May to August 2015. The specimens were conserved and fragmented for clarification of internal structures and identification of morphological keys. Results. Three species of phlebotomine sand flies were identified: Lutzomyia gomezi (Nitzulescu 1931), Pintomyia rangeliana (Ortiz 1952) y Micropygomyia cayennensis (Floch & Abonnenc 1941). Conclusions. The presence of L. gomezi, main vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia, is a risk factor for rural people from the zone.

6062-6074

Authors: Santiago Monsalve B, Vanessa Gallego L, Victor Manuel Molina, Juan Rodas G

Ehrlichia canis is the causative bacterium of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), a disease of global importance in veterinary and human medicine. Several studies have addressed the therapeutic efficacy of tetracycline hydrochloride and doxycycline hyclate (HD) for the treatment of CME, however the results are still controversial. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), a well characterized disease that can serve as a model for research in diseases of the Rickettsial order and tick-borne zoonoses. Although the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the treatment in the acute and subclinical CME phases have been known for decades, some results also indicate that Ehrlichia canis may persist in clinically normal dogs, even after an extensive treatment regimen. The purpose of this review is to (major delve into/further investigate) the pharmacokinetics and side effects of doxycycline in the treatment of canine ehrlichiosis.

6089-6100

Authors: Salim Mattar V, Camilo Guzmán T, Alfonso Calderón R, Marco González Tous

The infectious syndromes associated with arenaviruses in South America are four: febrile syndrome of viral origin; Haemorrhagic fevers with or without neurological involvement; Aseptic meningitis and meningo-encephalitis. Among the Arenavirus of the new world is the Tacaribe complex where the viruses are found: Junín (Argentina), Guanarito (Venezuela), Machupo (Bolivia) and Sabiá (Brazil), which are characterized by hemorrhagic fevers. In Colombia the arenavirus Pichindé was isolated in 1965, from the rodent Oryzomys albigularis, in the valley of Pichindé (Valle del Cauca). This arenavirus produces a persistent infection in its host and is not pathogenic for the man. There is evidence of the circulation of the Guanarito virus in rodents from Córdoba, but there are no cases diagnosed in humans; In Colombia, the genome of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus was detected in the brains of rodents Mus musculus. The diagnosis is based on the knowledge of local epidemiology and the suspicion of a patient with fever in endemic areas, where infections such as malaria, dengue and leptospirosis, sepsis of bacterial origin and rickectomy have been excluded. Virus isolation in the feverish period is the gold standart, but it implies contact with the virus that is highly infectious, which represents a public health problem. Serology has been used for diagnosis, but there is no commercial evidence and only research groups and large public health laboratories have these tests. Most of the patients present a moderate severity, which needs adequate hydration, antipyretics and anti-inflammatories. All patients with severe signs should be aggressively treated. The use of drugs has not demonstrated a decrease in mortality but a significant reduction in viremia.

6118-6133

Authors: Jorge Miranda R, Salim Mattar V, Marco Gonzalez T

Rickettsiosis are diseases considered neglected, poorly recognized, or confused with other pathologies in tropical and subtropical areas. In Colombia, despite having identified rickettsiosis endemic areas, few studies on the disease have been made, and there are very few works on public health vigilance. There are current efforts to understand the pathogenic molecular mechanisms on various species of rickettsia; however, breakthroughs are needed to have a better grasp of its epidemiology, and to develop quick, sensitive, and replicable diagnostic methods for those areas in which this zoonosis appears unpredictably.