The Swedish Journal of Scientific Research

10-15

Authors: Stephen Mabagala

Boys and girls differ in the way they choose and participate in playful activities right from an early age. This is believed to be a result of the socialization process, in which boys and girls are socialized differently through play, and also are supported differently to manifest behaviors regarded as playful. The purpose of this study was determine whether there are differences between boys and girls on the factors that influence the choice and participation in playful actvities among kindergarten children in selected primary schools in Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania. The sample included 304 children (152 girls and 152 boys) from 8 primary schools in Dar es salaam region. The mean age of children was 7,6 ± 0,4 years. Children were evaluated using Barnett’s 1991. Children’s Playful scale. The factors that were considered to influence children’s choice and participation in playful activities were physical spontaneity, social spontaneity, cognitive spontaneity, manifest joy and sense of humor. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the multivariate effect of gender was statistically significant only for physical spontaneity (F5,304=19.06, p<.05), manifest joy (F5,304=9.02, p<.05) and sense of humor (F5,304=3.35, p<.05). Boys were rated higher than girls on all of the above measures. Based on the findings, it was recommended that there is a need to organize an effective learning environment that considers appropriate way to modify and implement play activities. Keywords: playful behavior, kindergarten children, gender, observation

20-25

Authors: Atef Rashad Hussein – Moshira Ebrahim El-Agamy

Research objective: Identify the impact of a physical training program to improving muscular balance of the major cervical region muscular groups on the deviation of fall of the head forward for Blind disabled in Sultanate of Oman. Methods: Twenty blind students suffering from the frontal fall of head, were selected purposively, experimental method by one group design with pre- and post-measurement included measuring the length and weight of the body, to measure the degree of pain, measuring muscle strength of the neck, measuring the range of motion, measuring the increase lordosis cervical, (8) weeks training program , three times per week, 60 minutes per session. it has been using a variety of exercises for muscle strength and Stretching of the neck muscles. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the averages and increase the percentage of improvement in the equations change measurements posteriori pre measurements, and the results indicated that there are significant differences, and increase the percentage of improvement in muscle strength variables, the range of motion and the degree of pain, deformation of the head between the two measurements pre and post in favor of post measurement, has been reached that the proposed program has a positive effect in improving muscular balance , the range of motion, muscle strength and reduce the severity of the pain, leading to improved deviation of head's frontal fall in the research sample. Keywords: muscular balance, disabled, blind, fall of the head forward, lordosis cervical, muscle strength and stretching

32-37

Authors: Muhammad H. Mustafa

The research aims to identify the relationship of intelligence kinetic for pupils between public and private schools also compare that between both genders for age group (11-12) years. The total community of research was (320) students, and the samples was consisted of (120) students for both kind of schools, where private schools were Duhok Private, Serdm and Iishik and public school were Azadi, Sarok and Zanko, (20) students were chosen for each school (10) males and (10) females. The battery of IQ tests of loco motor prepared by (Hussein et al., 2013) was used (Dropping the ball test, Lapping around the circle test, Colorful ruler test and Walking to circle test).it has been concluded that there is no significant relationship between male students in private and public schools in intelligence kinetic tests, also no significant relationship between female students in private and public schools in intelligence kinetic tests Finally no significant relationship between in both gender in private and public schools in intelligence kinetic tests. Keywords: Intelligence, kinetic, performance, school, Duhok

44-49

Authors: Hamzoui hakim –missaliti lakdar – Zerf Mohammed

In this modest study, our interest supports the most common question in training shots on goals: Power or Accuracy? Confirmed by (J Chris Roselius, 2008) from the proof we chose the relationship Visual information and mental representations as important factor in the control and production of shooting movement to estimate the outcome in shooting with Optimal power and accuracy. From that, our research sample was consisted from 20 students their average age =18 years, specialized in football (Institute of Physical Education and Sports academic year 2014-2015) which they were tested in two situations (eyes closed and eyes open) based on the test vertical jump and accuracy. After statistical analysis, computing by calculating Paired t-test and correlations Samples. In the lake of the new visual test technology and biomechanics tests analysis, our find confirmed:  There are a strong positive correlation relationship between the two cases (eyes closed and eyes open) in both tests applied where all comparisons between the proposed positions are in benefit of eyes open.  The weakness of the research sample in vision blocked position due to weakness of optimal approach in the mental representations shoot with power and accuracy.  Developing estimations outcome to shoot with power and accuracy requires the development of optimal approach visual in the feedback mental representations skill scoring in soccer game. From those results, our aims are intended for specialists to develop similar approach based on laboratory testing. In parallels for our coaches and players, we recommend the development of optimal approach visual as feedback mental representations skill to contribute the use of skills in achieving the expected goals, which are the first step to develop the ability to shoot with power and accuracy. Keywords: visual and mental representations, power and accuracy, shooting skill.