The Swedish Journal of Scientific Research

1-6

Authors: Adwaa Wirwir Neama ,Turky Helal Kadhem , Rasha Khazaal Abdelkerim

Conducted the current study to nine players from the team Diyala University badminton underwent tests and measurements testing research by device (Fit mate pro) used in Ajraat research in order to identify the response functional for the respiratory system on according to energy systems working for the players and then compare them in Benaha in three cases system} is anaerobic work (ATB) system and work lactic (PC) and the oxygen system work (O2) {and then processing the data was obtained from the appropriate statistical tests and operations which were reached: 1.a discrepancy in the results of the respiration rate of the research groups and in favor of the working group energy system (anaerobic) 2.a discrepancy in the results of pulmonary ventilation (VE) for the benefit of the working group lactic energy system 3there is a difference in the outcome of the concentration of oxygen in the exhaled air (FEO2) for the benefit of the working group system (ATP-PC) and light that researchers recommended the need for diversity in the training of the numbers of players, badminton and the emphasis on training system energy anaerobic system work lactic (ATB-PC) the fact that these two systems are the most widely used in sports activity of badminton players

10-17

Authors: Vishal .O. Banne , Rajkumar Sharma

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of different training modalities on aerobic and anaerobic capacity of male soccer players. Sixty male football players between the age of 16 – 20 year of age from Jabalpur, Chinndwara and Tikamgarh (M.P.) those who regularly participate in training and inter district competitions, were selected for the present study. Random group design was used to evaluate the effect of different training modalities. The selected subjects (N=60) were randomly divided into three groups with subjects in each group out of which experimental group-I underwent the plyometeric training. Experimental group II underwent specific training thrice in a week along with two days match practice. Group-III (control group) participated in their regular game for 12 weeks the 80 minutes to 90 minutes training was devoted towards warming up and stretching. The pre and post tests were administered to the subjects at the play grounds and tracks. Before administering the tests the subjects were given proper warming up under the supervision of the research scholar. Aerobic Capacity and Anaerobic Capacity were identified for the present study. Anaerobic capacity: Margeria Kalamen power test. Anaerobic capacity was estimated by using the formula. Power watts = (M x D ) x 9.8/t. Aerobic capacity: Estimated using cooper 12 min run/walk test and VO2 Max was determined by the formula VO2 Max = 22.351 x distance covered in km – 11.288. Unit of measurement is (ml per kg per min). In order to compare the effectiveness of different training modalities, means, standard deviations and one way Analysis of Co- Variance (ANCOVA) was computed. . In case of significant F-ratios, the Least Significant Difference (L.S.D) Test of Post hoc Comparison was used to find out the specific group differences. The level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence. The results of study revealed that the twelve weeks systematic training programme consisting of plyometric exercises had contribute effect on anaerobic capacity of football players. But the plyometric exercises did not have any significant effect for improving the aerobic capacity of football players. Keywords: Anaerobic capacity, Aerobic capacity, Plyomtric exercises, male soccer players.

25-30

Authors: Emad Toama Rady

Scientific advance in sports opened new limitless horizons in sport sciences such as teaching and kinetic education methods which witness wide progress and new theories to cope with modern trends in teaching and learning. Basketball is one of the enjoyable team sports that spread rapidly and practiced by both males and females with different ages. It also contains suspense for players and audience in addition to its complete benefit to develop all parts of the body as a result of continuous speed and struggle among defenders and attackers which copes with the nature, euphoria and education motivation of the youth. Thus, the importance of the study becomes clear in testing effective teaching strategies that aim to discipline, control, accuracy, increasing in frequent attempts, considering individual differences, teacher’s participation in giving behavioral educational decisions, variability in educational contents to be consistent with learners’ potentials, overlapping between educational curricula, integrating different patterns of teaching methods and different types of exercise. This, in itself, leads to effective communication in teaching especially in learning some basic basketball skills for beginner students among basketball lessons in Physical Education. As for problem of the study, the researcher found that reasons behind poor performance of students is continuous traditional teaching due to educational curricula for practical subjects including basketball and not using modern educational curricula, strategies and different exercises that help students towards learning and make them practice high valued performance. This can be done by using new educational programs of basic basketball skills and competitive teaching due to training network that increase individual and team competitiveness in learning some basic basketball skills. As for goals of the study, they include: preparing an educational curricula with units using teaching by competition for single, team and group learning due to training network exercises to learn some attacking basketball skills. The researcher used the empirical method on a sample consisting of students of the first year, Faculty of Education; Aljameaa Al Mostanserya (57 thousand students) divided into three empirical groups. The used tools: information collection methods, skill tests, exploratory trial, scientific principles, pre-tests, post-tests, educational curricula and statistical means. The researcher concluded that the proposed educational curriculum using competitive learning due to training network exercise has a positive effect on learning skilled performance level in long pass over shoulder, scoring and jumping skills for sample students.

38-42

Authors: Nabil Khalil Ibrahim

Programs of sport training in the past were based on improvising, but now it became an educational process subject to principles that aim to prepare players completely to achieve the highest possible level in any type of sport activities. Harmonic exercises are used y trainers and athletes regularly due to its effect on performance efficiency. Harmonic exercises process is considered one of the important elements of preparing players even inside the training unit. The problem of the study lies in trainers’ non-interest of preparing training units and using improper exercises with the development of football which is became characterized by high fitness, functional and skilled abilities of players. The goal of the study is to determine the effect of harmonic exercises on enhancing strength speed, maximum limit of relative oxygen consumption and scoring in football. Hypothesis of the study: there are statistically significant differences at level (0.05α ≥) between pre and post tests for the empirical and control group in the effect of harmonic exercises on enhancing strength speed, maximum limit of relative oxygen consumption and scoring in football. Methodology: the researcher adopted the empirical method as it is proper for the nature, problem and goals of the study. Population and sample of the study: the population of the study consisted of the 1st year students in the Physical Education Department, Faculty of Basic Education, Al Mostansereya University / 2015 (56 students). As for the sample of the study, it was chosen purposively of males only (36 males) after eliminating 20 female students (64% of total population). The sample is homogeneous as individuals were subjected to a testing battery for selection to be accepted in the department. The researcher divided the sample into two equal groups (18 students each) randomly. Harmonic exercises were applied in the first group (empirical group) for 25 minutes before starting the training unit, while the traditional method was used with the second group (control group). The researcher used parity and using legalized tests on the variables of the study. He made pre and post test and used multiple statistical methods such as arithmetic means, percentages, standard deviation, skewness coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient and median for independent and equal samples. Conclusion and recommendations: efficiency of harmonic exercises prepared by the researcher and their properness to the nature of the study. The researcher found a clear development in enhancing strength speed, maximum limit of relative oxygen consumption and scoring as a result of using harmonic exercises. The researcher recommends the increase of time period of using training programs accompanying harmonic exercises.

47-51

Authors: Faten Ismael Mohammed

Through the researcher’s follow-up of the sample of the study as she is specialist in kinetic biomechanical analysis, she found that sample members unable to endure training pressures during training, especially high training loads. The researcher thinks that the reason for this is due to muscular strength which may cause them deficiency in bone density. This, in turn, leads to a degradation of some biomechanical variables related to perform the flat serve skill in tennis, which in turn reflects on accuracy. That’s why the researcher to include this kind of exercise using rubber and determine its effect on bone density and some kinematic variables related to flat serve in tennis in preparation and ball impact moments. The research was conducted on a sample of 8 players from Al Araby Club and their ages from 20 to 22 years old. After pre- tests, the prepared training was performed for 12 weeks in four training units (each unit is 90 minutes). After the end of the set period, post-tests were performed in the same conditions of pre-tests and with the same work team, and then the researcher analyzed players’ movements using the Kenova program for kinetic analysis to extract the kinematic variables under study. Next, the researcher used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program to show and analyze data in special tables. Finally, scientific result discussion with the aid of some references related to the topic of the study. The researcher reached a set of conclusions such as that rubber resistance exercises have a positive effect on increasing bone density of the arms which was reflected positively on some kinematic variables too.

56-61

Authors: Ghoson Natek Abdelhamid Al Wadi

Sport games develop noticeably through achieving world records and achievements in most games which encouraged researchers to focus most of their attention on the most accurate scientific and field details in the field of sport training. In its physical and skill preparation, shooting is one of the games that depend on strength as it plays a role in developing the game’s special abilities such as strength endurance and kinetic balance. Problem of the study lies in that: nature of performance in air shooting (10 m), especially air pistol shooting, is characterized by high accuracy which requires both physical effort and muscular endurance to determine muscular direction correctly and accurately to achieve shooting accuracy. The researcher noticed signs of early tiredness on shooters and their failure in accuracy in last shots which made the researcher conduct a study in this field and try to find suitable solutions that serve the skilled aspect in this game through preparing suitable training methods for this purpose. The study aims to: 1. Prepare a set of strength exercises by the station training method for air pistol shooters. 2. Identify the effect of strength training with the station method in strength endurance of muscles of arms, shoulders and back muscles on kinetic balance of air pistol shooters. 3. Identify the relation between shooting accuracy and strength endurance (for arms and kinetic balance). The researcher used the empirical method and selected. The researcher used fixed strength training using the stations method and reached the following conclusions: 1- The researcher concluded that the station training method contributed effectively in developing physical abilities as it is an interesting method and not traditional in shooting exercises. 2- There is a notable development in physical abilities of air pistol shooters (strength endurance of arms, the back and kinetic balance) which shows effectiveness of the prepared exercises and their positive effect. The researcher recommends making similar researches and studies in other sports with different age categories for males and females and study variables that serve the athletic level. Key word: Strength Training, Strength, Kinetic, Balance, Endurance, Shooting Accuracy, Pistol Shooting

67-72

Authors: Jabbar Khudhair Abbas

A learner is one of the aspects of educational process in general that aims to develop his/her abilities and change his/her behavior. It was necessary for educators, officials and experts to find teaching methods that contribute to learning process. Hence, direct teaching methods by Mosten are important. In these methods, a teacher determines activities, skills and duties which he teaches and teachers are first decision makers. Among these methods, there is the reciprocal method that is characterized by many feedbacks by the observed students. Problem of the Study:Through the work of the researcher in teaching and specialization in physical education teaching methods following up teaching practical subjects including football, he noticed that there are difficulties in learning kinetic skills which need using suitable methods leading to increase learners’ motives towards correct learning. There is no teaching method by which a student can work with great independence in both lesson execution and evaluation phases. Goals of the Study:Identifying the effect of the consecutive & random reciprocal method accompanying the execution of kinetic skills on learning football’s skilled performance and identify which is the most proper reciprocal method in learning some football skills. Hypotheses of the Study:There are statistically significant differences between pre and post tests’ results in learning some football skills for empirical and control groups for the sake of post tests. There are statistically significant differences between results of post-tests of the three groups of the study: two empirical groups (consecutive and random) and one control group for the sake of the random training group. The researcher used the empirical method by designing empirical and control groups. The sample consists of the first year students in Physical Education Department, the Faculty of Education, Misan University. The sample was divided into three groups: two empirical groups (consecutive and random) and one control group. The researcher took into consideration equivalency as well as depending on methodological terms and legalizing tests of football skills. He depended on the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) method. Among the most significant conclusions of the study, there is the positive effect of the used empirical method according to consecutive and random exercises using the reciprocal method. Among the most significant conclusions of the study, there is the work on benefiting from results of the study using consecutive and random exercises by reciprocal method, understudy to diagnose the skilled performance level.

79-82

Authors: Nasr Hussein Abdelamir , Raad Abdelamir Finjan

Through field experience of both researchers, as one of them is a trainer and the other in an international referee (Head of Referees Committee), after having professional players in the Iraqi league, they noticed that it is necessary for a professional player to find psychological security and stability. Due to the critical stage which Iraq witnesses; professional players have some fears from playing in the Iraqi league which may affect their psychological and mental security in competitions, so the researchers decided to study this issue and attempt to identify its reasons and find solutions. Goal of the Study: The study aims to identify the relation between psychological security and performance level of professional basketball players in the Iraqi premier league, season 2014 – 2015. The researcher used descriptive surveying method as it is proper to the nature of the study. Sample of the study consists of (14 professional players of professional basketball players) as part of population of the study for the basketball league in season 2014 – 2015 (20 players). Results were treated using some statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and percentage and Pearson correlation coefficient). Among the most important conclusion: (achieving a great percentage of the study sample high level of psychological security in performance) and they recommended that it is important to determine levels of psychological security of professional basketball players.

87-94

Authors: Bouderbala Mohamed , Harzelli Hocine

Educational institutions are the origin of socialization and its second environment. It is full of public education contents to be offered to people of society in all scientific and knowledge fields, especially physical and sport education as it is a part and parcel of education as it aims to build young people psychologically, physically, socially and ethically. Physical and sport education encourages all of us to be more interested in the youth and their various talents and provide suitable atmosphere for them and their hobbies in addition to provide them with suitable possible equipments and preparations to practice all activities that enable to form and develop individual personalities. Among those students, there are students of the third secondary stage who reached their last educational stage and are ready to face practical life and choose their professional career’s future after joining higher education.