The Swedish Journal of Scientific Research

15-28

Authors: Antina Schulze DDS & Martin Busse MD, PHD

The purpose of this review is to compare recent studies and to describe the presence of disordered eating, its complications, and oral erosive manifestations in athletes and normal subjects. Caloric restriction caused by diet or excessive exercise is an increasing trend and has significant health consequences. Disordered eating can lead to adverse effects on health and physical performance. Several personality characteristics have been claimed to be associated both with eating disorders and sport participation: competitiveness, concern about performance, body shape and perfectionism. Although eating disorders are mostly diagnosed in women, their prevalence among males is thought to have been increasing in recent years (e.g. body builders, weight lifters). But also non-professional performers of sports emphasizing thinness or muscularity, show a high degree of inappropriate eating behaviors. Many studies reported higher prevalence of disordered eating in athletes and in women, other studies, in contrast, found no significant differences between athletes and controls. This heterogeneity of the studies was the reason for this review. The major intention was to focus on the high-risk groups for disordered eating, and to outline oral complications affecting the hard (dental erosion) and soft tissues. Athletes are at greater risk of dental caries, dental erosion and traumatic injuries. The level of oral health is often described as poor. Possible causes include the diet/disordered eating, consumption of carbonated beverages, lemon, and sports drinks, decreased salivary flow during exercise, exercise-induced immune suppression

39-52

Authors: Mallek Anis

The sporting life is like a race against the clock, or it must succeed and juggle multiple schedules workouts and competitions. Daily time management becomes a stressor. Our work aimed to investigate the joints of time training and competition time and sporting behavior and to analyze the functions and strategies of the cooperative life time management sports teams through cultural models that underpin them. The temporal behavior seems an important condition for performance and efficiency, which implies that their variability depends on the time management during competitions and training in volleyball. It seems that the construction of a specific temporality for sport could explain a second report on the performance of the subjects involved in volleyball practice.

57-63

Authors: Feras Sohail Ibrahim

The volleyball game of sports that rely on the basic skills of offensive and defensive and special skill beating overwhelming and too defensive skills (bulwark), which had been a major development, making it harder than the possibility of scoring points easily and this is something which has given the importance of developing the skills of beating overwhelming and bulwark, and through the experience of the researcher being players for the game of volleyball and up to date most of the teams in the Elite League and even at the level of the team, noted the lack of attention to some of the coaches to prepare your physical exercises physical abilities associated with the performance skills of the junior volleyball, which negatively affects the performance of my skills (beating overwhelming and bulwark) and in turn, the lack of good results, so the researcher felt the use of force exercises to develop the most regressive own physical capacity and its impact on the accuracy and performance of the beating overwhelming bulwark junior volleyball. and target your search: 1 - Preparation of exercises to develop strength pummel the most important physical abilities of junior volleyball players. 2 - see the effect of strength training backlash in the evolution of the most important physical abilities and accuracy performance of the beating and crushing bulwark for beginners volleyball players. The researcher used the experimental design groups Almtkavitan with pre and post tests. And identifies research community my players back line in clubs Babylon l youth, who are (56) players were selected the same way the simple random totaling (30) players, and is then divided into two groups the first experimental rate ( 15) players, and the second officer and by (15) players also. The researcher conducting the experiment exploratory tests and then extract the scientific bases have been processing its data through the use of statistical methods appropriate ones (mean, standard deviation, test (t) for independent samples and symmetric, simple correlation coefficient). Was the most important conclusions are: 1 - The emergence of a positive impact in the evolution of the physical abilities and my skills for the beating overwhelming and bulwark of the experimental group and the control group. 2 - The emergence of a preference for the experimental group in the development of physical abilities for using strength exercises and pummel my skills and beating overwhelming bulwark and all of the tests

70-76

Authors: Ebtesam Haidar Baktash, Mahmoud Abbas Abdelhassan

The current study aims to identify the effect of the proposed tool in enhancing performance and achievement levels due to some bio-kinematic variables of javelin throw. Both researchers suggested that there is a positive effect of using the proposed tool on performance and achievement levels in javelin throw for the sake of the empirical group as they used the empirical method because it fits the nature of the study. The sample of the study was chosen from the first year students in the academic year 2012 – 2013. They were 24 students divided into two equal groups (12 students each). The researchers designed a proposed tool to learn and train javelin throw on 15 educational units starting from the first introductory unit till the last unit in two units per week. Data were statistically processed using arithmetic means, standard deviations and the T- tests for related and equal samples. As for conclusions, the study showed a clear positive effect in enhancing and developing some angles of the body especially body inclination angle and launcher angle. This was shown from results of mechanical analysis of javelin throw skill which, in turn, was reflected in developing achievement.

83-90

Authors: Jamal S.Abu Bsharah

The aim of this study is to identify the effectiveness of using the social network sites among the Physical Education students in PTUK . The study sample , which consists of (102) students in the year 2013/2014 , uses the descriptive methodology by describing and analyzing the students responses toward the questionnaire . The results of this study show that about 88.4% of the study sample use these sites to communicate with old friends , about 85.5% improve their sports culture , and the study shows that 72.6% believe in that social network sites are indispensable sources for communication between people . It also shows that there are statistically significant differences in using the network sites among the Physical Education students for both bachelor and diploma , in favor of the bachelor students. The researcher recommends the necessity of paying attention to the social network sites as an important educational mean according to modern educational means , using the modern communication technology by the teaching staff members in the courses which they teach , and creating several students groups in the social network sites to discuss all the sports issues and exchange knowledge and culture between them .

98-101

Authors: Nowzad Hussien Darwish

The research aims to Identify the foot measurements (length and width) of the sample and Identify the length and width of the foot and their relationship with some physical abilities and accuracy of the performance of some of the basic skills in a game of volleyball in the research sample. The research sample included on the players posts clubs in the Premier League in the Kurdistan Region (Taq Taq, Brihty) for volleyball, and state their number (24) for the player and the use of researcher descriptive manner relations connectivity, was chosen as the research sample in a deliberate and conduct tests and measurements on the length and width of the foot and some tests of physical abilities and test some of the basic skills was the use of a number of devices and tools and means to collect and process data using appropriate statistical methods and after obtaining the results, was discussed in a scientific manner powered sources to achieve the objectives of the research and prove his hypothesis. In light of the results of research researcher reached the following conclusions: - The presence of a significant correlation between the length of the foot and hid the transition speed. - The presence of a significant correlation between the foot and the transitional speed test and Fitness. - The lack of a significant correlation between the length and width of the foot, explosive test of strength and balance. - The lack of a significant correlation between the length and width of the foot transponder test receiver and landslide hit the country. In light of the above, the resear