INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

1309-1315

Authors: Heba Ibrahim Abd El-Moaty

The investigation of some active constituents of Euphorbia bivonae included terpenes, alkaloids, coumarins and anthraquinones to evaluate its economic values as medicinal plant, where sugiol and betulin compounds were isolated from the aerial parts and roots of Euphorbia bivonae, while ferruginol compound was isolated only from the roots. The total terpenes content of the aerial parts and roots of E. bivonae were 3.44 and 8.96 mg/g, respectively, which were estimated spectrophotometrically. Meanwhile, the compounds 2Piperidinone, N[4bromonbutyl] and komaroine were isolated from the aerial parts and roots of E. bivonae. While the alkaloid compounds 5,8-dihydroxy methyl-canthin-6-one and 1-methoxy-8-hydroxy-methyl-canthin-6-one were isolated from only the roots. The estimated percentages of the total alkaloids were 0.40% and 1.02% for the aerial parts and roots, respectively. The coumarin compound umbelliferone was isolated from the aerial parts and roots, and the total coumarins content of the aerial parts and roots were 0.42 and 0.49 mg/g, respectively. On other hand anthraquinone compound emodin (1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-9, 10 anthracenedione) was detected and isolated from the roots only, meanwhile the concentrations of total anthraquinones were 0.04 and 0.94g/100g dry material for aerial parts and roots, respectively. Key words: Euphorbia bivonae, terpenes, alkaloids, coumarins and anthraquinones.

1322-1329

Authors: Tariq Ismail1*, Syed Saoud Zaidi4 , Syed Aun Muhammad2 , Fareeha anwar3 , Nighat Fatima1 Nisar ur Rehman1 , Abdul Mannan1

The purpose of this study was to screen and evaluate the physiochemical and biological potential of three endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae). Trichoderma, Penicillium and Taloromyces species, isolated from Nerium oleander, were subjected to antioxidant activity by DPPH method, total antioxidant potential by phosphomolybdic acid method and total phenolic contents by Folin’s Ciocaltue method, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-leishmanial assay. All the extracts showed significant antifungal, antioxidant and antileishminial potential. The antioxidant nature of the extracts was concentration dependent. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of various secondary metabolites including flavonoids. Key words: Endophyte, Biological Screening, Antioxidant, Antileishmaniasis, Antifungal

1337-1341

Authors: N. Singh* and M. Pande

There has been an increase in demand for the Phyto-pharmaceutical products of Ayurveda so a pharmaceutical preparation in the form of Dadimashtaka Churna is tried to standardize, till date there is no reference regarding evaluation of Dadimashtaka Churna. Dadimashtaka Churna, a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation is recommended in the management of gastro intestinal complaints like diarrhea. In the present study , Dadimashtaka Churna is subjected to confirm its quality and purity through Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical evaluation. Pharmacognostic results revealed the presence of specific character of individual drugs i.e. Calcium oxalate crystal and tanninferous vessel of Punica grantum , Siliceous crystals of Bambusa arundinacea , oil globules , epicarp and parenchyma cells with black debries of Piper nigrum , spongy parenchyma of Cinnamomum tamala , parenchyma with secretion cell of Zingerabine officinale ,tannin content of Piper longum , scelerenchyma and endosperm of Cuminum cyminum , striated cuticle of Trachyspermum ammi , endosperm of Coriandrum sativum and pollen grain of Mesua ferrea. The preliminary phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of carbohydrate ,terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins . Pharmacognostical and phyto-chemical evaluation of Dadimashtaka churna illustrated the specific characters of all ingredients which were used in the preparation. The pharmacognostical and phyto-chemical analysis of Dadimashtaka churna provides substantial information for the proper identification, authentication, and scientific evaluation of the final product/drug. Keywords: Dadimashtaka Churna, Tanninferous vessel , Siliceous crystals, Epicarp ,Endosperm

1345-1349

Authors: Daljeet Singh Manhas*

Because of the particular characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and tumor angiogenesis, it is possible to design drug delivery systems that specifically target anti-cancer drugs to tumors. Most of the conventional chemotherapeutic agents have poor pharmacokinetics profiles and are distributed non-specifically in the body leading to systemic toxicity associated with serious side effects. Therefore, the development of drug delivery systems able to target the tumor site is becoming a real challenge that is currently addressed. Nanomedicine can reach tumor passively through the leaky vasculature surrounding the tumors by the Enhanced Permeability and Retention effect whereas ligands grafted at the surface of nanocarriers allow active targeting by binding to the receptors overexpressed by cancer cells or angiogenic endothelial cells. This review is divided into two parts: the first one describes the tumor microenvironment and the second one focuses on the exploitation and the understanding of these characteristics to design new drug delivery systems targeting the tumor. Delivery of conventional chemotherapeutic anti-cancer drugs is mainly discussed. Keywords: Active targeting, Passive targeting, Enhanced Permeability and Retention effect,Nanocarriers

1354-1360

Authors: Soumya Kanti Biswas1 , Sanjay Kundu2 , Monojit Debnath3* , Moulisha Biswas3 , Tuhin kanti Biswas

Guggulu (Commiphora wightii) is a common medicinal preparation widely used in Ayurveda since time immemorial. The quality extraction and preparation are important for proper therapeutic outcome as well marketing strategy. Many varieties of guggulu are available in market for the treatment of different diseases. Scientific validation for extraction and therapeutic evaluation are essentially needed for viable marketing of the plant. Keywords: Guggulu, Commiphera wightii, guggulosterone, market survey

1366-1369

Authors: G. M. Mir*

We have synthesized the Schiff base, 3-{(E)-[(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl) imino] methyl} quinoxalin- 2(1H)-one, by condensation reaction. The Schiff base is an ONO donor and it can act as a monobasic or dibasic ligand due to the formation of tautomers. Based on the physicochemical and spectroscopic studies we propose octahedral structures for the complex Key words: Schiff base, ONO donor, tautomers, physicochemical

1376-1379

Authors: D. T. Tayade1 , A. B. Wadekar2

Conductivity play vital role in drug diffusion. Thermodynamic parameters affected by substituent’s of drug. Thus recently in laboratory, conductometrically have been investigated thermodynamic parameters of 5-pChlorophenylthiocarbamido-1-naphthol [p-CPTCN] or L3 have been studied at different concentrations in 70% ethanol-water mixture at different temperatures. This work highlights investigation of G, K and µ values. The thermodynamic parameters viz. ΔH, ΔS and ∆G for ion pair formation determined from the value of ion association constant at 298K and 303K. This investigation provided valuable information regarding to solute-solvents, solute– solute and solvent-solvent interaction and effect of dilution from conductrometric measurements of 5-pChlorophenyl -thiocarbamido-1-nahthol. Key Words: Thermodynamic parameters, Dissociation constant, 5-p-Chlorophenylthiocarb -amido-1-nahthol.

1383-1388

Authors: Shumaila Arshad1 *, Maryam Sharif1 , Ayesha Naseer

The development of chemotherapy using conventional anticancer drugs has been hindered due to some drawbacks related to their poor water solubility and poor pharmacokinetics, leading to severe adverse side effects and multidrug resistance in patients. Nanocarriers were developed to palliate these problems by improving drug delivery, opening the era of nanomedicine in oncology. However, despite attractive results being obtained in preclinical studies, many well-designed nanodrugs fell short of expectations when tested in patients, evidencing the gap between nanoparticle design and their clinical translation. The aim of this review is to evaluate the extent of nanotherapeutics used in oncology. The reasons that prevent nanodrugs from expanding to clinic are discussed, and the efforts that must be taken to take full advantage of the great potential of nanomedicine are highlighted. Keywords: Cancer, Anticancer, Nanoparticles

1396-1398

Authors: Rajendra Saugat1 , Gaurav Gupta2 , Deepchand3 , Monika Choudhary

A 46 year male smoker, patient comes in ENT O PD with complaints of fever last three month, throat pain from 15 days, pain and difficulty in deglutition7days His voice slowly changes to hoarseness of voice and later the family members are unable to understand the spoken words, after few days patient develop aphonia, Investigation were TLC raised otherwise normal heamograme ,HIV neg, HCV neg, sputum smear for AFB neg, sputum AFB not detected by CBNAAT(cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test)/gene xpert. x-ray chest was normal.

1404-1414

Authors: Azhar Hussain1 , Madeeha Malik2 *, Sardar Shabbir

For effective pharmacovigilance system, a strong linkage and coordination is needed with the regulators in order to keep them aware of the issues related to medicine safety so that appropriate regulatory actions can be ensured for safeguarding the public health. The aim of this study is to summarize research findings from developed and developing countries as well as from Pakistan regarding evolving trends and future prospects of pharmacovigilance and medicine safety system. A total of 63 studies were reviewed in terms of pharmacovigilance and medicine safety system operational in different countries. The review concluded that pharmacovigilance systems have been evolved from traditional practices of reporting towards online reporting system in many developed as well developing countries. Inadequate knowledge of healthcare professionals towards pharmacovigilance have been reported which can adversely affects the capacity of the system to monitor safety of medicines. Healthcare professionals have been involved in ADR monitoring in developed world, however this development must be replicated in developing countries to enhance the professional competence of the professionals to promote safe use of medicines Key words: ADR, pharmacovigilance, medicine safety system, healthcare professionals, Knowledge, Perceptions

1424-1436

Authors: Dr.A.Yasodha*1 , Humera naaz1 , Srilatha1 , G. Venkataih1 , A.Sivakumar2

Objective: Formulation and Development of oral dissolving Films of Bumetanide. Materials and methods: BUMETANIDE, HPMC E-50, HPMC E-5, HPMC E-3, PE, 4000 (Flakes) and Aspartame. Citric Acid could be formulated with low viscosity film formers viz. HPMC E50 in combination with HPMC E5, E15. Bumetanide could be successfully incorporated in FDFs with of the above polymers and polyethylene glycol 4000 is used as a plasticizer. PEG 4000 itself has a solubulizing affect and result in faster dissolution. Hence, there is no need of superdisintegrants. Use of low viscosity grade HPMC polymers resulted in giving films with transparent and smooth texture. Conclusion: Among all the developed formulations, F9 formulation formulated with HPMC E15 and HPMC E50 in the ratio of 1:1 showed good in vitro disintegration time and dissolution profile. Key words: Bumetanide, PEG, HPMC