SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR HUMANITY SCIENCE & ENGLISH LANGUAGE

7205-7212

Authors: Bharati Chand

This paper presents the challenges of teaching English in multicultural context in India. Teaching English to the Indian students is the biggest challenge. Though enough awareness is prevailing among the students, parents and society, the majority of our students struggle a lot to acquire the language.It presents a brief history teaching English in India. It highlights factors of teachinglearning of English language in the multicultural context in India.There is an urgent need to teach English language in order to communicate outside our own language group for any practical purpose like business, tourism, cultural exchange, administration and social work. The increasing awareness of importance of English in the present moment demands to learn the language for special and specific purposes and for widening our intellectual horizon.

7221-7230

Authors: Guruprasad Rathore

NA

7240-7245

Authors: Birpal Sinh

NA

7256-7261

Authors: Seema Singh

Women Education provides them, most vital qualities of confidence, capacity to work and thereby leads to their empowerment. Muslim women who by virtue of social norms and had suffered backwardness due to lack of education though Islam as a religious bigotry in it. Several organizations individuals, through theoretical and practical applications have lifted the backwardness of Muslim women and as a result Muslim women have conquered to dark areas of ignorance and fear. Muslim women welfare performers in different walks of life over a period of time.

7267-7273

Authors: Seema Singh

Quality, as we know so far, was originally developed in the manufacturing industry. In the area of higher education, the adoption of quality control has been superficial and diluted by the exercise of academic . Further, the prevailing culture of universities is often based on individual autonomy, which is zealously guarded. Thus, it is usually difficult to apply the features of quality to higher education considering the fact that quality requires. However, the quality of higher education is very important for its stakeholders. Notably, providers (funding bodies and the community at large), students, staff and employers of graduates are. The most commonly grouped dimensions of quality are product, software and service. In the changing context marked by expansion of higher education and globalization of economic activities, education has become a national concern with an international dimension. To cope with this changing context, countries have been pressurized to ensure and assure quality of higher education at a nationally comparable and internationally acceptable standard. Consequently, many countries initiated “national quality assurance mechanisms” and many more are in the process of evolving a suitable strategy. Most of the quality assurance bodies were established in the nineties and after a few years of practical experience, they are rethinking many issues of quality assurance. At this juncture where countries look for experiences and practices elsewhere, the experience of India has many valuable lessons and this report is an attempt to share those developments.

7279-7288

Authors: Arun Kumar

Mother is a radiant nurse, an angel of mercy, a patient teacher, a watchful guardian and compassionate attorney and a fountainhead of courage. Post independence sociologists paid attention towards the women who are traditionally backward, exploited and taken as second-rate citizens. This is obstruction and hindrance in the progress and prosperity of family, community and country. The complete social structure is affected. For the rural development and reconstruction, it is necessary to understand the changing social status and role of rural women who are 48.3% of the Total population of the country. For the study of past enables us to grasp the fundamental psychology behind the present problems and attitudes that uphold or reject them due to which it has come to be what it is. We may thus be enabling to make out the cause and circumstances embedded in the past, which led to the existence and conditions and causes are sure to prove themselves of great help to us in the making up and planning of a figure. Women constitute about fifty per cent of the world population. It is estimated that by A.D. 2000, the total number of women in the world will be more than 3 billion and they will outnumber men by nearly 175 million. At the United Nations Conference in Nairobi in 1985, it was noted that they comprise 35 per cent of the world’s labor force in the sphere of employment and occupied lower positions. Further it is observed that over 60 per cent of world’s illiterates are women, mostly in the developing countries. More than 60% respondents have accepted all the factors mentioned as variables are responsible for the uplift of the status of rural women. But; it is noteworthy that more than three-fourth of the respondents have emphasized especially on urbanization, women welfare organizations and rural development programs; as the tools of uplift for the status of rural women.

7299-7303

Authors: G. Sundharavadivel

Whether the company is in full development or experiencing temporary difficulties, management control is one of the tools to consolidate achievements and / or anticipate problems. But what is it and what are its objectives? At the heart of the company's activity, management control is a forecasting tool (budgeting). It allows you to compare achievements against forecasts. The analysis of the gaps found leads to readjusting its strategy and setting new goals.

7312-7320

Authors: Pushpita Rajawat

The relative effectiveness of different pedagogical approaches and pedagogies in early childhood has raised substantial debate. While the other are associated with the acquisition of basic skills and knowledge and some of them are associated with socio-emotional development and problem-solving abilities. In general, research revealed both positive and negative effects of pedagogical approaches, without favouring specific pedagogical approaches over mainstream ones. However, it is important to note that research evidence and studies considering the same approaches in the same context are very limited. On the other hand, specific pedagogical practices are found to enhance child development, including high-quality interactions involving sustained-shared thinking methods, play-based learning, scaffolding, as well as a combination of staff- and child initiated activities. Research impacts pedagogy and pedagogical practices in the sense that research findings can inform policy makers and practitioners on best practices and what works best in enhancing staff performance, process quality and child development. Research on pedagogy and practices is usually not conducted at the national level, but focuses on particular programmes. So, research review has been used as a guide or manual to provide pedagogical guidance for Early Childhood Education (ECE) staff not only in India but also worldwide. The main focus of the study is that how of the best pedagogical practices and approaches across the country can be useful & implemented in early childhood education

7329-7336

Authors: Pratibha Sharma & Ms. Mahe Pecker Khan

For the purposes of education, privatization implies the withdrawal of the state intervention from this sector. Privatization has other implications too, like the initiation of the process of private ownership in a sector that is controlled by the state. In a broader sense, privatization is the induction of private management and control in the public sector enterprise or a sector controlled by the state as in the case of education. The objective of the present study was to access the significant difference (if any) in attitude of prospective teachers(B.Ed. Students ) of different gender and type of institutions of Bareilly city of Uttar Pradesh towards privatization of education..The descriptive survey method and random sampling technique were used. For data collection self-constructed -“Attitude of Prospective Teachers towards Privatization of Education was used. Investigation revealed that generally, gender and type of institution do not play significant role in reference to teachers’ attitude towards privatization of education

7343-7351

Authors: (Fr.) Ignatius Topno & Ms. Smita Paschal

Broadly speaking, the process of evaluation begins with the establishment of „performance standard‟. At the time of designing a job and formulating a job description, performance standards are usually developed for the position. These standards should be clear and not vague. Achievement motivation is affect in connection with evaluated performance in which competition with a standard of excellence was paramount. Intentional actions are usually considered the prototype of all acts of will. Theoretically, a complete intentional action is conceived of as follows: its first phase is a motivation process, either a brief or a protracted vigorous struggle of motives; a second phase is an act of choice, decision, or intention, terminating this struggle; the third phase is the consummatory intentional action itself, following either immediately or after an interval short or long. The objectives of the study were to enquire the effectiveness of the Performance Appraisal System in the Schools based on the basis of gender, degree and type of school and to enquire the Achievement Motivation of the secondary school teachers based on the basis of gender, degree and type of schools. The population consists of secondary School Teachers teaching in Patna, Bihar and the sample consisted of 257 secondary school teachers. The investigator adopted survey method by using self-constructed and validated Performance Appraisal Scale and Achievement Motivation Scale. The investigator has used Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test to analyze the data. The major findings of the study show that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of secondary school teachers on the basis of gender ,degree and type schools in their Performance Appraisal System and Achievement Motivation of secondary school teachers.

7358-7370

Authors: Ms. Neelu Tuteja & P.K. Sharma

Present study investigates employees from selected IT companies in Chandigarh to explore the predictive validity of big five personality traits on their job performance and identify the relationship between personality traits and job performance. The Big Five Personality dimensions, commonly known as five factor model consists of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience and neuroticism. The BFI-Personality Inventory – Revised and self structured Performance Appraisal Questionnaire were used as measuring instruments. A Correlation analysis and Causal Study (Multiple Regression Analysis) was conducted on 404 employees of selected IT companies in Chandigarh to analyzepredictive relationship. Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Extraversion emerged as significant correlates and predictors of job performance and explained 35.2% of the variance in participants’ management performance.Neuroticism was found to be a negative correlate. On the other hand, Conscientiousness trait had insignificant relation to the model. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

7377-7391

Authors: Amit Kumar Jain & Anuj Kumar Ruhela

India is a home to 1.21 billion people, about one-sixth of the world’s population. The Prime Minister of India launched the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) on 2nd October, 2014 to accelerate the efforts to achieve universal sanitation coverage and to put focus on sanitation. It is India's biggest ever cleanliness drive and 3 million government employees and school and college students of India participated in this event. The SBM has two sub-missions, the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban). Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation is the nodal Ministry for SBM (Gramin) and Ministry of Urban Development is the nodal Ministry for SBM (Urban). The core objectives of SBM are to bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas. India clean by October 2, 2019 with core objectives of making the country 100% free from Open Defecation and ensuring 100% Modern and Scientific Municipal Solid Waste Management as a fitting tribute to the 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, which in rural areas shall mean improving the levels of cleanliness. Villages are considered "Open Defecation-Free" when no faeces are openly visible and every household and public/community institution uses safe technology to dispose of faeces in such a way that there is no contamination of surface soil, groundwater or surface water; excreta is inaccessible to flies or animals, with no manual handling of fresh excreta; and there are no odour and unsightly conditions. Usually, an "ODF village" declaration is made by the village or Gram Panchayat. As of 2016, 36.7% of rural households and 70.3% of urban households, 48.4% of households overall used improved sanitation facilities as per data of National Family Health Survey 4, which was conducted between January 2015 and December 2016, show. A majority, 51.6%, did not. Household toilet availability has improved from 41.93% 2014 to 63.98% in 2017, and the state of Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Kerala have achieved 100% Open Defecation Free (ODF) status as per data of the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. Gram Panchayats have selfdeclared 193,081 villages to be ODF, but 53.9% of these have not been verified, according to the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, which is responsible for Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin, which accounts for 85% of Swachh Bharat Mission's budget. (Data accessed on May 22, 2017). According to the Swachh Survekshan 2017 Report, the top two cleanest cities in India are Indore and Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh while Gonda in Uttar Pradesh is the dirtiest city in India, Every segment of population, from primary school children to elderly persons need to be properly sensitized about inherent linkages of sanitation for public health. Besides roping in the educational institutions, particularly the schools in awareness campaigns, optimum use needs to be made of social media as well as electronic and print media to spread the message to grass root level. Celebrities like Amitabh Bachchan is leading a “Darwaza Bandh” (on open defecation) campaign for SBA. The film Toilet: Ek Prem Katha was released in Indian Cinema in the year of 2017 to improve the sanitation conditions, with an emphasis on the eradication of open defecation, especially in rural areas. Swachh Shakti 2018 is celebrated in Lucknow with 15 thousands women Swachh Bharat Champions resolving to usher in Clean India on International Women’s Day (8th March 2018).

7399-7410

Authors: Tania Khurana

In this continuously growing world where development has become the goal of every nation, trade and commerce sector pays a major contribution to this growth. So as to regulate make this sector more developed the act of Negotiable Instruments Act was introduced with an objective of increasing the credibility and so as to gain more confidence of citizens in paper currency in this race of digitization. With time every law needs amendment so was the case with the NI Act; from 1881 to 2017 it covered a journey of amendments been made by legislature but still the objective of the act was left halfway, the legislature then introduced the concept of interim compensation. This article discusses about the newly proposed amendment in NI Act, about the objective of NI Act which legislature wants to fulfill through this amendment. It also discusses about the constitutional right of speedy trial and its implication in practical life. The objective of writing this article is to make a clear picture of the amendment by stating its pros and cons and how this amendment can be a landmark change in law.

7426-7429

Authors: Manju Mishra

NA

7436-7442

Authors: Subhash Singh

This paper is a mere attempt to present a glimpse of meaning of ICT, its importance & its mandatory need for education, which is indispensable. ICT stands for INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY. These technologies include: computers, the Internet, Broadcasting technologies (radio and television), Telephony. One of the many challenges facing developing countries today is that of preparing their societies and governments for globalization and the information and communication revolution. Policy-makers, educationists, non-governmental organizations, academics and ordinary citizens are increasingly concerned with the need to make their societies competitive in the emergent information economy. Globalization and innovations in technology have led to an increased use of ICTs in all sectors - and education is no exception. Uses of ICTs in education are widespread and are continually growing worldwide. It is generally believed that ICTs can empower teachers and learners, making significant contributions to learning and achievement. Of the teachers interviewed on the effectiveness of ICT in education majority of them felt that introduction and use of ICT adequately will be extremely effective in children learning and achievement. However, current research on the impacts of ICTs on student achievement yields few conclusive statements, pros or con, about the use of ICTs in education. Studies have shown that even in the most advanced schools in industrialized countries, ICTs are generally not considered central to the teaching and learning process. However, there appears to be a mismatch between methods used to measure effects and the type of learning promoted. Standardized testing, for example, tends to measure the results of traditional teaching practices, rather than new knowledge and skills related to the use of ICTs. It is clear that more research needs to be conducted to understand the complex links between ICTs, learning, and achievement. Again, on the question of impact of audio visuals, research shows that surprisingly little documentation is available on the use and impact of video in education, barring one or two video projects like UNICEF‟s animation series, Meena‟, which has become a key weapon in the battle against gender and social inequity in South Asia. Many teachers are reluctant to use ICTs, especially computers and the internet. Some of the reasons for this reluctance include poor software design, skepticism about the effectiveness of computers in improving learning outcomes, lack of administrative support, increased time and effort needed to learn the technology and how to use it for teaching, and the fear of losing their authority in the classroom as it becomes more learner-centered. In terms of using internet and other ICT as a resource for lesson preparation, most of the teachers interviewed, admitted to never or rarely using it, while very few used the internet to gather information sporadically or regularly.

7448-7453

Authors: A. K. Agnihotri

Education is an ability possessed and exercised by humans to use thei r knowledge and past experiences to deal with future events more effectively and efficiently. Generally, fostering learner creativity is a vital role for any teacher, as doing so can help learners to develop predictive, analytical, critical, and problem solving skills, to develop confidence and self-esteem. Fostering creativity is even more important for a teacher of a second or foreign language as it can help to achieve the affective and cognitive engagement vital for language acquisition as well as helping learners to understand language used for natural communication and to use language for effective communication themselves. English is a leader language of all languages spoken by the people in the world. Instead of pressuring the Children for the good result in the school one shou ld create a burden free environment for the children so they can explore their creati vity. As we know every child is unique and has d ifferent skills from others. For the expression of their creative talent they have a pai nter called teacher in the school. The international development of a man's character is only possible by the education. The present research “A study of the English creativity of the High school students of Ropar District with reference to sex and type of school” is an attempt to look into the relationship of creativity and learning English.

7465-7467

Authors: Arpita Kumar

NA

7475-7479

Authors: Jyoti Baijal

Examination stress is a ubiquitous phenomenon that has, in the present times, adversely affected the learning outcomes and performance of the students at all levels- primary, secondary or higher education. It’s increasing intensity specifically among students appearing for high stakes board examination evokes a response from the teaching fraternity at the earliest. The reason being that a prolonged experience of stress with respect to evaluative situations is bound to prove detrimental to the mental, physical and emotional well-being of the students. For the nation to develop and progress towards a knowledge society, it is imperative that the students are taught to cope with stressful stimuli and improve performance. Study-Skills Training is an intervention intended to improve their study and test- taking habits and skills. It is based on a cognitive-deficit model which is directed towards improving a variety of cognitive activities that affect the organization, processing and retrieval of information and thereby help in reducing the experience of examination stress. Systematic desensitization as a process can be used to unlearn anxiety reactions by replacing the anxiety response with a calm, relaxed state. Thus, a combination of study-skills training and systematic desensitization has been shown to be effective and superior in alleviating test anxiety.

7489-7500

Authors: Shweta Gaikwad & Arun Ingle

Training and Development is one of the crucial differentiator for business especially manufacturing industries. The training and development system in manufacturing industries in Ahmednagar as needs a systematic overhaul. The present training and development programs lack a systematic approach especially in regards to design and planning approach. If the testimony of the employees is to be believed then manufacturing industries lack a clear policy of training and development and seldom are employees deputed to external organizations. The attitudes towards training are influenced due to individual and institutional attributes.

7524-7530

Authors: Priyanka. M. C.

This paper addresses the ongoing tug - of - war between the first and second generation immigrants with respect to dress, and highlights the role played by costume in everyday lives. The predicament of the younger generation squashed between two extremely different cultures - one vouching for a conservative lifestyle and the other edging towards extremity mirrors the ever - changing cultural landscapes all over the world. No matter how much time has flown by, there are certain mindsets that are deeply rooted. Migrants are often compelled to make rapid changes in their overall personalities in order to be fully accepted by the host community. Here dress becomes the most resonant sign language, the spectrum through which cultures assess its members. This short story dramatizes precisely the desperate position of women who are forced to put on a mask to please the rest of the lot so as to secure their space in the social order.

7539-7544

Authors: Hanae Errhouni, G. Sundharavadivel & B. Devamaindhan

CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) brings together all the practices put in place by companies in order to respect the principles of sustainable development, that is to say be economically viable, have a positive impact on society but also better respect the environment.

7553-7557

Authors: Sanjam Upadhyay

In 1994 UNESCO gave guidelines to assist countries in strengthening the focus on inclusion in their strategies and plans for education, to introduce the broadened concept of inclusive education and to highlight the areas that need particular attention to promote inclusive education and strengthen policy development. IFLA and UNESCO have same motive of providing inclusive education. This paper highlights equitable quality education for people with disability. Access to information is important; and since the library plays a key role in providing this access, there is a need to develop policies and put structures in place cater to the needs special children. A library is fundamentally an organized set of resources, which include human services as well as the entire spectrum of media (e.g., text, video, and hypermedia). Libraries have physical components such as space, equipments, and storage media. This paper presents IFLA and UNESCO’s Policies and Strategies, Inclusive Design and Services for special children.

7564-7570

Authors: Dharambeer Singh

Digital libraries, designed to serve people and their information needs in the same way as traditional libraries, present distinct advantages over brick and mortar facilities: elimination of physical boundaries, round-the-clock access to information, multiple access points, networking abilities, and extended search functions. As a result, they should be especially well-suited for the disables. However, minorities, those affected by lower income and education status, persons living in rural areas, the physically challanged, and developing countries as a whole consistently suffer from a lack of accessibility to digital libraries. This paper evaluates the effectiveness and relevance of digital libraries currently in place and discusses what could and should be done to improve accessibility to digital libraries for under-graduate students.

7578-7588

Authors: Seema Dhawan & Shivani Upreti

In the last few years we all have seen a very huge change in the discussion of issues related with our environment and our development. Now everyone is concerned about following healthy lifestyle. It is being widely seen today that the lifestyle of teachers is gradually changing, due to adaptation of modern ways of living and altered lifestyle pattern. Healthy lifestyle has direct impact on the personality of the teachers. Teachers are role model of the students, so it is expected from them that they must follow healthy lifestyle. It is very important to know about the lifestyles of male and female pupil teachers. Also we should know whether there is any difference in the lifestyle of graduate and post graduate pupil teachers. Here an attempt has been taken to study the lifestyle of B.Ed pupil teachers of Pauri Garhwal and Dehradun district.

7603-7608

Authors: Gauri Prabhu

Mutual Fund is a form of investment where a common investor can participate in the Indian capital market with professional fund management irrespective of the amount invested. A large number of people are moving towards mutual fund investments through the route of systematic investment plan. The Indian mutual fund industry is growing steadily and this is reflected in the increase in Assets under management of various fund houses. The investment in Mutual funds is a relatively safer option for risk averse investors as they are less risky than directly investing in stocks. This research paper aims at finding out the factors affecting investment decision of mutual funds and the preference of investors to particular schemes of mutual funds. The findings will help mutual fund companies to identify the parameters which influence the investment decision of the common investor and also the preferences of particular schemes and fund houses by the investors.

7616-7621

Authors: Bhagvanhai H. Chaudhari

The role of library and librarian in recent era has changed as a result of techno-driven world. Library is considered „the heart‟ of a university or an institute offering higher education. After independence, the University Education Commission (1948-49) as well as Education Commission (1964) emphasized the need of academic libraries in India and suggested certain measures for betterment and effective management incorporating its organization, the availability of staff, open access system as well as financial support. University Grant Commission played a vital role for betterment of libraries in higher education by establishing Information and Library Network Centre (INFLIBNET). The SOUL (Software for University Libraries) developed by INFLIBNET centre, made available to its member free of charge, proved valuable in modernizing the entire set-up of academic libraries. The reservoir of Indian theses called Shodhganga, a database of thousands of theses from various universities across India has also become a chief source for researchers and academicians to seek the knowledge generated in various branches. The challenges like effective utilization of digital technologies, supporting access to Open Access Resources, etc. have not been overcome yet in every respect. The laws of library science designed by Dr. Ranganathan should be pursued firmly in a pragmatic manner. A quality education and research is not possible without a modernized library. Library is one of the major resources for the exchange of ideas. Academic and research work is very much preserved by library.

7639-7643

Authors: Hrushikesh Zendage

Theory X and Theory Y was an idea devised by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book “The Human Side of Enterprise”. Theory X is management style where the emphasis is on “productivity”,on the concept of a fair day's work, on the evils of feather-bedding and targeted output.Theory Y is almost in complete contrast to that of Theory X. Theory Y make assumptions that people in the work force are internally motivated, self-direction and self-controlled.

7650-7654

Authors: Sunanda Roy

Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement. Students work through the assignment until all group members successfully understand and complete it. The author has been using cooperative learning strategy for the last eight odd years. She has observed that although teachers in general have a positive opinion about cooperative learning they have their reservations regarding the hurdles which one may face while using cooperative learning strategy. Some of these are hurdles are due to misconception. The author through this paper tries to clear eight such misconceptions using her experiences with cooperative learning teaching strategy.

7671-7681

Authors: Pankaj Sharma & Ravi Parkash

The paper analyze the role of rural tourism for the development of rural areas, The study analyzed how the different types of tourist product diversifications influence the development possibilities of studied rural areas in India. The government should sponsor private Sector to promote tourism in rural areas. For upgrading the rural tourism government requires to understand the rural location, demography, socio-culture, financial and political background of that area. How we can involve the rural citizens to improve their socio-economic condition. The objective of this paper is to present an update on rural tourism expansion & development in India. Rural tourism is rising in terms of number of visitors and the government of India should focus on it as an engine of growth.

7691-7693

Authors: Shah Bharti Rahul & (Mrs.) Richa Jain

Organisational behaviour is important for the progress of the company. The paper deals with the sides of Civic Virtue in organisation citizenship behaviour. Civic Virtue deals with policies of organisation followed by the employees. The author has discussed literature review related to Organisational Citizenship Behaviour. The research methodology adopted was basic descriptive study. The findings of the data were analysed. The paper concludes with civic virtue has impact on following the rules by the employees and is also one of the important part of OCB.

7701-7705

Authors: J. K. Khuman

NA

7711-7716

Authors: Pawan Ramu Shingare

In the present study 10 fungi isolated from the groundnut rhizosphere and pure culture prepared, from these pure culture fungi, fungal filtrate prepared and treated with five groundnut varieties germination and growth of radicle against time 2 hours’ time interval up to 10 hours.. In 2 hours treatment Out of ten, seven fungi showed non-significant difference means it did not affect the seed germination and growth of radicle, in four hour treatment The seeds were treated with Rhizopusstolonifer culture filtrate showed very less growth of radicle that is 0.07 cm. Tricodermaviride and Fusarium oxysporum treated seeds also showed a very little growth of the radicle i.e. 0.99 cm and 0.28 cm respectively. In four hours treatment Curvularialunata and Aspergillus fumigates showed significant difference, also non-significant difference observed in six hours treatment Penicelliumdigitatum and Fusarium oxysporum showed very less growth of radicle i.e. 0.41 cm and 0.97 cm respectively.in eight hours treatment of the fungal culture filtrate, treated seeds showed non significant growth. Fusarium oxysporum showed very less growth i.e. 0.51 cm. Aspergillus terrus, Tricodermaviride, Macro phominaphaseolina, Rhizopusstolonifer showed some equal values 2.51 cm, 2.61 cm, 2.71 cm and 2.61 cm respectively and control was of 3.20 cm. Penicelliumdigitatum, Aspergillus niger, Curvularialunata, Aspergillus fumigates showed an average length of radicle as 1.50 cm. After 10 hours treatment except Tricodermaviride all fungal culture treated seeds showed non significant difference

7721-7728

Authors: Khagendra Sethi

NA

7732-7736

Authors: Parveen Rani

Present In investigation was done to study the social intelligence of B.Ed. students. 200 B.Ed. students were taken by random sampling technique. Social Intelligence Scale by Dr. N.L. Chadha and Ms. Usha Ganesan (2009) was used by the investigator. Descriptive survey method was used for the present investigation. The data was analyzed by employing Mean, SD and t-ratio. The findings of the present study revealed that there exist insignificant difference between social intelligence of make and female B.Ed. students and significant difference between urban and rural B.Ed. students.

7744-7750

Authors: Bhagwan Balani

The content knowledge in social studies is very essential for student teachers since it forms the base to their subject and makes on aware of the world happenings. The teacher cannot succeed in teaching unless she has the historical background, understanding of the chain of events and a wider horizon of the content at hand. The aim of study is to analyze and interpret achievement scores in social studies among prospective teachers with respect to their academic performance, age and other variables.

7757-7762

Authors: Mr. M. Suresh & (Mrs.) Doreen Gnanam

The present study was conducted to study the family environment and school robustness of higher secondary students. The samples of the study were 400 higher secondary students which were selected randomly employed to collect the necessary data. The investigator has used the family environmental scale constructed and standardized by Dr. Harpret Bhatta and Dr. N. K. Chadha (1999) and school robustness scale prepared by the investigator (2016).Here descriptive survey methods were employed to analyze the data. Mean, Median, S.D, product movement correlation and t-ratios technique were employed to analyze the data. The present study reveals that the school robustness of school students helps the parents to provide them better family environment in order to make their school robustness and emotional intelligence.