The International Journal of Indian Psychology

4

Authors: Ankit Patel

The name Freud is most often associated with Sigmund, the Austrian doctor who founded the school of thought known as psychoanalysis. But his youngest daughter, Anna, was also an influential psychologist who had a major impact on psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, and child psychology. Anna Freud did more than live in her father's rather long shadow. Instead, she becomes one of the world's foremost psychoanalysts. She is recognized as the founder of child psychoanalysis, despite the fact that her father often suggested that children could not be psychoanalyzed. Anna Freud was born December 3, 1895 in Vienna, Austria. As the daughter of Sigmund Freud, she was inescapably steeped in the psychoanalytic theories of her famous father; however, she did more than simply live in his shadow, pioneering the field of child psychoanalysis and extending the concept of defense mechanisms to develop ego psychology. After finishing her secondary education in 1912 at Cottage Lyceum in Vienna, she completed teachers' training and worked at her alma mater as a classroom teacher for five years. Of her school years she declared that she learned far more at home from her father and his guests. Indeed, she acquired knowledge of psychoanalysis from this group to which few others had access, and this grounded her life-long contributions to the field.

5

Authors: Binda Kumari

Abraham Maslow's hierarchy, he described this high-level need in the following way:"What a man can be, he mustbe. This need we may call self-actualization...It refers to the desire for self-fulfillment, namely, to the tendency for him to become actualized in what he is potentially. This tendency might be phrased as the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming." In recent times, student aspiration for higher education has become the subject of Government policy and school / University partnerships. Gardner (1940) defined as, “level of aspiration is a truly quantitative concept, which has two requirements that the subjects make some public indication of his aims and that, he makes this in quantitative terms.” Hurlock (1967) defined it as “a longing for what is above one’s achieved level with advancement on it as it send. In other words, aspiration means the goal an individual sets for himself in a task, which has intense personal significance for him or in which he is ego-involved.” The research was undertaken in three stages: survey instrument development and refinement; implementation; and data analysis.

8

Authors: Dr. Tanu Tandon

Empowerment is a journey which goes through various phases and stages and leads to emancipation. Women empowerment is all about achieving and exercising one’s own rights and freedom to make choices and live life on one’s own term and its ultimate goal is to attain emancipation, to be able to empower others. Education is a medium which helps women rise above their situations and take control of their lives and it is also a channel through which empowerment can be spread and manifested among all. This paper will discuss the case studies of such women, who not only overcame their helplessness , fought their circumstances and used their aggression to empower themselves, carved their path, using the tool of education but also helped other women, by empowering them and helping them to make their own path . Methodology adopted here, to study lives of these women is Grounded Theory Methodology, qualitative approach to study the women and role education played to transform them from aggressive to empowered.

8

Authors: Jaya Bharti

This is a cross-sectional study with the aim to study the constellation of emotional maturity profile of adult family members that interacts with and around clinically diagnosed cases of OCD. It also aimed to ascertain the overriding contribution of age and gender of key informants of OCD. In this study, 50 people with OCD, along with their 50 respective adult family members were taken on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were assessed using Socio-demographic and clinical sheet & EMS. Appropriate statistics such as mean, standard deviation, t test were applied to analyse the data. The results of the study concluded that among the key informants of OCD, significance difference regarding emotional maturity and its various aspects were observed between male and female. Further, also noticed that mean scores of emotional instability, emotional regression, social maladjustment, personality disintegration, lack of independence and total emotional maturity were more in female key informants as compared to male key informants.

9

Authors: Mojtaba Habibi, Narges Zamani, Mani B. Monajemi, Zahra Fadaei

Background: Disruptive Behavior Disorders (Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) are one of the most common psychiatric disorders among children. Due to high prevalence of this disorder and its destructive effects on individual’s general functioning, the Prevalence Rate of Disruptive Behavior Disorder among the preschool children in Hamedan city was assessed throughout this study. Method: 602 preschool children were selected via random cluster sampling method. Data of this cross-sectional research has been collected through complied questionnaire based on the DSM-5 Disruptive Behavior Disorder symptoms and CSI-4 test. The data of this investigation has been analyzed and evaluated via SPSS software. Results: The results showed higher prevalence of Disruptive Behavior disorders (Hyperactivity and Impulsive Disorder (13.78), Attention Deficit disorder (11.79), both Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (9.63), Oppositional Defiant Disorder(5.31) and Conduct Disorder (4.48)) in boys in comparing to girls. Conclusion: Among all sub-types of Disruptive Behavior Disorders, ADHD had the highest prevalence among the Children. Due to the high prevalence of ADHD among primary school students and its adverse outcomes, following proper therapeutic/Interventional procedures is advised.

10

Authors: Shadi Ahadifar, Mojtaba Habibi, Mani B. Monajemi

Objective: This survey was conducted regarding observe validity, reliability and standardization of Robert Hill’s perfectionism scale among the university students. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this survey included all bachelor students of Tehran Azad University (Central branch) in academic year of 2009-2010 with the age between20 to 35. Among this statistical population via random cluster sampling, 500 students (310women and 190men) were chosen. In this survey, regarding assessing perfectionism scale reliability, factor analysis method was used. Before performing factor analysis, sampling adequacy was proved by rejecting zero hypotheses based on correct matrix homology in society by Bartlett test. Hence, implementing factor analysis was justifiable. In order to check the validity of Hill perfectionism scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and after deleting unsuitable questions (4-15-19), scale validity coefficient of 0/921 was gained which indicates that perfectionism scale is having high validity. In order to determine the construct reliability, factor analysis was used. Assessment of perfectionism scale was conducted through the principal component analysis and orthogonal rotation. According to results from factor analysis, among 56 perfectionism questions, 6 factors were extracted which justified 47/0 percent of all variables. Factor matrix showed: the first factor is having the highest factor power and share comparing to other factors. In current survey, questions (59,24,2,11,36,44,34,47,31,18,32,71) were complex questions, as they tended to have power in various factors. In order to determine perfectionism scale norm for the students, questionnaire scores was determined. Accordingly, perfectionism questionnaire contents were graded based on four scales’ items from agree to disagree with grades 1 to 4. Results: Hill perfectionism scale is having proper psychometric features to be used in Iran society.

11

Authors: Abhay Pratap Singh

In the present study, an effort has been made to investigate the level of organizational commitment in police personnel. A 3x2 factorial design with three levels of job hierarchy (i.e., officers, sub inspectors & constables) and two levels of job tenure (i.e., short job tenure & long job tenure) was used. A total of 240 police employees were randomly selected from various police stations of Eastern U.P. Organizational commitment scale (Allen & Meyer, 1990) was used to determine the level of organizational commitment in employees. Results revealed that the extent of organizational commitment varied significantly in various group of police employees. Affective commitment was found greater in officers than sub - inspectors and constables respectively .Whereas, normative commitment was found greater in officers and sub-inspectors as compared to constables. Long job tenure group reported high level of normative commitment as compared to short job tenure group .Overall organizational commitment was found maximum in officers as compared to sub-inspectors and constables. Long job tenure group reported high level of overall commitment as compared to short job tenure group. Interaction effects of job hierarchy and job tenure on normative and overall organizational commitment were also found. Results have been discussed in the light of individual and organizational factors.

12

Authors: Kalpana Raman

Body image is a growing concerns in the mass especially in the young adults females who are witnessing several secondary changes and are striving to establish and sustain their own identity. Dissatisfaction with physical body and striving for betterment has been found to be partly nurtured by our social, cultural norms and traditions as well as the publicization by media. There has been many researchers conducted in this realm. But, the cross cultural variations between India and the USA within the young adults females exploring the role of ethnicity, religion, media, society etc has been les explored. Hence, the aim of the present review was to investigate the effect of various sources in the nurturance of perceived and ideal body image in the young adults’ females of India and the USA. Overall, it has been found that there has been dearth of research findings especially in the population selected in this study and that interplay of factors accounting to the discrepancy between perceived and ideal self body image.

12

Authors: Dr. K. Lalitha, Dr. D. Jamuna

One of the common concerns of older people is the complaint that their memory was not as good as it was. Empirical studies on memory have highlighted that memory losses are not uncommon in any age. According to statistics, 70% of older adults report that they have memory problems, but objective tests are needed to determine if they have mild cognitive impairment, which is also known as benign senescent forgetfulness (AAMD) and early dementia. Mild cognitive impairment is basically a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Studies show that 17% to 34% of elderly people have mild cognitive impairment. One of the significant areas of contemporary gerontological researches is planning of systematic interventions in improving memory. This article focuses on the research carried out on memory and old age in India and discusses the need for further research.

14

Authors: Anurag Agrawal, Meha Jain, Shikha Agrawal, Shweta Singh, Mamta Yadav

HIV as a chronic illness is manageable but not curable. Psychiatric disorders not only act as risk factors for HIV infection but also result from the diagnosis of HIV infection. The psychiatric disorders range from anxiety, depression to neurocognitive disorders. The diagnosis also means psychological and emotional effects on the patients and the caregivers. This requires that biopsychosocial perspective be employed in managing such patients for better treatment adherence and increased quality of life. There are various psychological interventions available like cognitive behavior therapy, group therapy, mindfulness based therapy etc. Despite wide prevalence of such problems present in India, very few clinicians are aware of these psychological interventions and make them available to the patients.