Indonesian Journal on Geoscience

4

Authors: Budhi Setiawan

In this paper, determination of characteristic value of soil properties based on a statistical method is explained. The value in the limit state design is not the point value as measured by a laboratory or field test. Two confusing concepts in statistical soil mechanics are: the modeling of variability by a random field model and the distinction between the population mean and sample mean. Intrinsically, these two concepts are related to each others. The paper demonstrates that the most confusing thing what is being dilemmas in determining soil characteristic value may be removed by considering a statistical method. Keywords: soil properties parameter, statistic method, characteristic value

11

Authors: Yudhicara

The coast of West Sumatera Province has two types of beaches: low lying sandy beach and steep rocky beach. Straight shoreline beaches at Padang beach until Air Bangis at the north and between Pasir Ganting and Salido beach at the south will have a potential tsunami height lower than bay shape beaches like at Kasai Bay, Kabung Bay, Batung Bay and Nibung Bay. A tsunami inundation will be further at a low lying area (low lying sandy beaches) compared with a coastal area which has steep slope and high relief (steep rocky beaches). Gosong beach at Pariaman which has a steep angle of beach slope will have lower tsunami height compared with a low angle beach slope like at Sungai Beramas, Kasai, Kabung, Batung and Nibung bays which have a beach slope about 3° to 5°. The maximum tsunami inundation is assumed to be located at Pasaman and Pasir Pariaman Sub-regencies, while the maximum tsunami height is assumed to be located at the middle of mapped area which has a bay shape. Tsunami is assumed to be arrived early at the southern most of mapped area or close to Muko-muko (Bengkulu). The maximum height difference from sea level was found at Tabai - Pariaman about 5.394 m, while the minimum height difference was found at Carocok Anau about 1.821 m. The horizontal distance measured from the nearest building from the shoreline is about 119 to 173 m. The worst case of tsunami modeling assumed that the maximum tsunami height will be about 32 m and used for reference to make tsunami prone zonation, such as high, moderate and low prone area. Keywords: Coastal characteristics, Tsunami Prone Zonation Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol. 3 No. 2 Juni 2008: 95-106 95

16

Authors: Iskandar Zulkarnain

Lebong Tandai is a village in the Napal Putih Sub-regency, North Bengkulu Regency, that can be accessed only through the local people train called “molek”. The area is well known as a gold mine since the Dutch time. Volcanic rocks in the area belong to the Hulusimpang Formation that are dominated by andesitic rocks with small amount of dacite and basalt. They show an affinity as a transition between calc-alkaline and tholeiite. Its trace elements and REE patterns show that they are derived from “magma one”, one of the two magma sources producing volcanic rocks in Bengkulu. “Magma one” is derived from a magma source with adakitic composition due to the most primitive sample among the “magma one” samples. The Lebong Tandai magma activity has occurred since more than 30 million years ago in a back-arc side tectonical environment, and they were enriched on incompatible elements during an upper crust penetration. The occurrence of gold mineralization in this area indicates that the “magma one” is a gold bearing mineralized magma in this region. It seems to be reasonable when it is corresponded with an investigation result reported from the Phillippine that adakitic rocks contain higher gold concentration than calc-alkaline rocks. This paper is written using a geochemical approach based on major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements (REE) that are plotted into general and specific classifications in a petrological discussion. Keywords: Lebong Tandai, volcanic rocks, petrogenesis, “magma one”, back-arc side, adakitic