Mordovia University Bulletin

25-36

Authors: Piksin Ivan Nikiforovich (professor of chair of Hospital Surgery with training courses of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ocular Diseases and Dentistry of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Dr. Sci. (Medicine), mgu-hospital.surgery@yandex.ru) Ippolitov Igor Yurevich (associate professor of chair of Hospital Surgery with training courses of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ocular Diseases and Dentistry of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Medicine), ippolitov67@mail.ru) Brovkin Vladimir Vladimirovich (associate professor of chair of Hospital Surgery with training courses of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ocular Diseases and Dentistry of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Medicine), kistsan@yandex.ru) Kistkin Aleksandr Ivanovich (associate professor of chair of Hospital Surgery with training courses of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ocular Diseases and Dentistry of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Medicine), kistsan@yandex.ru)

Postoperative wound infection remains one of the most pressing problems of surgery. The lack of reliable ways of dealing with purulent pathology dictates the need to find the best ways to treat patients, which have prompted us to conduct this study. Purpose of the research is to improve the results of treatment of patients with purulent wound infection by improving the clinical application of a magnetic field and a helium-neon laser. Clinical material is presented in 174 patients aged 18 to 75 years. To solve this problem, all patients were arbitrarily divided. The first group consisted of patients with conventional treatment (control group). For the second group treatment was amplified with laser therapy, in the third group it was performed the magnetic therapy, in the fourth – a combined magnetic and laser therapy. The source of the magnetic field are the apparatus of “Pole-101”, “Pole 102” and magnetic belts of various designs (flexible magnets). For irradiation of wounds with laser beams were used stationary optical quantum generators of models LH-38 and LH-126, emitting a monochromatic coherent light with a wavelength of 632.8 nm wavelength of 1150 nm. The use of a helium-neon laser and the magnetic field have decreased a number of inflammatory postoperative complications microbial contamination of wound surface and length of inpatient treatment. Combined magnetic laser therapy helped to develop a regime characterized by a lack of immediate and long-term negative effects and complications. Developed and systematized indications and contraindications prove the feasibility and prospects of implementation of laser radiation and magnetic field in the complex medical and preventive measures in surgical patients.

48–60

Authors: Davydkin Vasiliy Ivanovich (head of chair of Hospital Surgery with training courses of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ocular Diseases and Dentistry of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Medicine), mgu-hospital.surgery@yandex.ru)

The article is devoted to the scientific work of a famous scientist, honored worker of science of the Russian Federation, honored worker of science of the Republic of Mordovia, honored doctor of the Republic of Mordovia, laureate of State prize, head of the scientific-pedagogical surgical school “Clinical surgery, the study of fundamental and applied problems of efferent and quantum medicine”, doctor of medical Sciences professor Piksin Ivan Nikiforovich. Professor I. N. Piksin conducted basic research of medical-biological effects of quantum radiation on the molecular, cellular and organismal levels. Under his leadership, studying the parameters of homeostasis, immune status, changes in peroxide oxidation of lipids and antioxidants systems, the Central organ and peripheral hemodynamics in patients with acute destructive diseases of lungs, thyroid gland, purulent-septic diseases, lactational mastitis and other diseases. He have proven the particular effectiveness in use of ultraviolet blood irradiation in combination with other appearance-quantum methods. This has allowed scientists to develop new ways of extracorporeal detoxification (different ways of therapeutic plasmapheresis, erythrodesorbtion, selective and combined quantum and efferent therapy, cryofrerezis and heparinprecipitatapheresis, ozone). A team of the scientific-pedagogical school led by I. N. Piksin explores the problems of diagnosis and treatment of gastroduodenal bleeding, mechanical jaundice, pancreatitis, suppurative diseases of the lung and pleura, surgical diseases of the heart, blood vessels, prevention of complications of limb injuries, diabetes and diabetic foot care, pediatric orthopedics. Under the leadership of I. N. Piksin have introduced new minimally invasive technologies: transthoracic drainage and rehabilitation therapy of purulent cavities of the lung and pleura, percutaneous and transhepatic cholecystocholangiography, diagnostic and treatment interventions in space-occupying lesions of the abdomen and thyroid gland, ultrasound techniques of diabet in acute destructive pancreatitis and others. He is considered as one of organizers of higher medical education system in the region. The professor is actively working on improvement in training of medical and scientific personnel for various regions of the Russian Federation.

69-78

Authors: Buchatskaya Natalya Vyacheslavovna (associate professor of Geodesy, Cartography and Geoinformatics chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Geography), buchnv@mail.ru) Emelyanova Natalya Aleksandrovna (associate professor of International and Regional Tourism chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Geography), emelyanovanata@yandex.ru)

The article presents characteristics of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds in the Republic of Mordovia and city district Saransk. The authors provide the assessment of their feasibility for the development of tourism and recreational activity. It also describes issues that interfere the efficient usage of recreational potential of surface water bodies. Analytical maps of recreational opportunities and fish resources of surface waters of the Republic of Mordovia are presented for the first time.

87-97

Authors: Kaverin Aleksandr Vladimirovich (head of Ecology and Environmental Management chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), professor, kaverinav@yandex.ru) Shchankin Aleksandr Alekseevich (professor of Sports and Life Safety chair of Evseviyev Mordovia Pedagogical State University (11 a, Studencheskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Dr. Sci. (Biology), aachankin@yandex.ru) Shchankina Galina Ivanovna (associate professor of Sociology chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (History), depart-soc-scien@isi.mrsu.ru)

Research of influence of adverse factors of the environment of life on physical development and population health is one of actual problems of modern ecology. The works devoted to features of physical development and epoch-making variability, or secular trend, are widely represented in many countries of the world. It is noted that universal tendencies of epoch-making variability of physical development have a different focus: from accelerated continuation to its stop. At constancy of genetic characteristics of an organism, climatological, geographical, social, economic and ecological conditions make considerable impact on phenotypical variability of a person, up to adjustment disorder and emergence of diseases. In the article natural, social and economic and ecological conditions of environment in the Republic of Mordovia are considered; the authors submit a statistics on influence of regional factors of the environment on physical development, health and constitutional features of population; actions for improvement of an ecological situation in the region are suggested.

114-121

Authors: Saraykina Svetlana Vasilevna (associate professor of International and Regional Tourism chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Geography), ssarajjkina@rambler.ru)

The article emphasizes the role of religion in strengthening of intercultural relations, social and scientific activities. It discusses the scientific basis of religion and religious infrastructure; considers specific features of the current stage in development of the religious sphere of Russia and the Republic of Mordovia; pays attention to issues of construction of new religious objects and reconstruction of those which were destroyed in the Soviet period; the author classifies orthodox religious sites of the Republic of Mordovia by status, time of occurrence, number of members, belonging to different architectural styles; determines the prospects of religious objects for tourism development in Mordovia; emphasizes the importance of development of religious tourism in the Republic, which should be based on a developed religious infrastructure.

132-138

Authors: Belov Aleksandr Alekseevich (associate professor of Physical Geography chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia), Ph.D. (Geography), alexlbel@mail.ru)

This article discusses the most dangerous exogenous processes in the territory of the Republic of Mordovia, which include various types of landslides, mudslides, submerging of areas and other processes. The author studies the topography of the land area in order to assess the development of dangerous natural processes, estimates its geodynamic stability; considers human activities that change the course of many relief-forming processes; determines numerous factors that shape the peculiarities of development of landslides, mudslides and other processes that violate the stability of slopes and endanger the whole human settlements. The article also deals with the process of submerging of territories in the Republic of Mordovia, which is formed at the first surface groundwater horizon. Lithological composition of the unsaturated zone is studied, since it largely determines the distribution of areas of ground water recharge and has a significant impact on the groundwater regime, the capacity of the aeration zone within the existing landscape of Mordovia. It considers the manner of occurence of the watertable. Based on the compilation of available materials hydrogeological surveys, the author establishes the types of mode and made a map of the areas likely to flooding of Mordovia. Analyzed the totality of the natural factors of flooding, which determines the natural water regime and the formation of an artificial water regime in terms of engineering development, leading to the accumulation of groundwater in the area and moisture in the unsaturated zone, causing flooding of territories. The consequences of submerging of cities and industrial enterprises are given. The negative consequences of violations of the water balance of built-up areas that need to be taken into account when conducting engineering surveys are listed. The author discusses the ways of dealing with negative hydrogeological impacts of construction in the process of the designing of engineering protection of specific localities.

152–157

Authors: Kamshilov Igor Mikhaylovich senior researcher of laboratory of Ecological Biokhemistry of Aquatic Animals of I.D. Papanin Institute for biology of inland waters Russian Academy of Sciences (Borok, Russia), kim@ibiw.yaroslavl.ru) Zaprudnova Rimma Anatolevna (researcher of laboratory of Experimental Ecology of I. D. Papanin Institute for biology of inland waters Russian Academy of Sciences (Borok, Russia), rimma@ibiw.yaroslavl.ru)

The functional properties of hemoglobin and the ionic environment in the perch Perca fluviatilis L were studied. Buffer and respiratory properties of hemoglobin system were determined on the basis the oxygen affinity, Bohr effect and the concentration of sodium and potassium in red blood cells. The features of these properties are considered as mechanisms for the increase of the stability of perch to acidification of water and low oxygen content. At a perch the large quantity of reaction of hemoglobin oxy-deoxygenation process is observed at change of concentration and acidity of a buffer solution. The large value of the Bohr effect and a low affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen up to incomplete oxygenation in an acidic buffer solution indicate the high efficiency of the hemoglobin buffer system of a perch in adaptation to low pH value of the medium. High sodium concentrations in perch erythrocytes demonstrates the high intensity of the Na+/H+ exchange through the membrane of red blood cells and consequently a ability to alkalization intraerythrocytic medium. High affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen (up to incomplete deoxygenation in an alkaline buffer solution) observed at perch is the important molecular mechanism of adaptation to hypoxia, providing a reduction in oxygen consumption of an organism. Perch are also characterized by a high concentration of potassium in red blood cells, as well as other fish that are resistant to hypoxia.

164–170

Authors: Mitroshenkova Anna Evgenevna (associate professor of Botany, General Biology, Ecology and Bioecological Education chair of Samara State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities (65/67, M. Gor kiy str., Samara, Russia), Ph.D. (Biology), mds_mitri4@mail.ru)

The article reviewed the textbook “Biotechnology: theory and practice” is designed for students of pedagogical specialties (publishing house of the Samara State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities), which sets out the basic theoretical issues of classical and modern biotechnology, considered progressive methods in biotechnology: obtaining transgenic organisms, the achievements of genetic engineering in medicine, the issues of cloning plants and animals, problems of food production and environmental biotechnology. The review analyzes the structure of the manual, the contents of the lecture material and material intended for independent work of students, noted for its practical orientation, there are some remarks to the author. The review highlights the relevance of the material presented, as well as educational value of this work.

13-23

Authors: Shiryayev Viktor Dmitriyevich (professor of Fundamental Informatics chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk, Russia), Candidate of Sciences (PhD) degree holder in Physicomathematical sciences, docent, Shiryayevvd@mail.ru) Anoshchenkova Ekaterina Vasilyevna (lecturer of Fundamental Informatics chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk, Russia), anoshehnkovaev@mail.ru) Bikmurzina Ravilya Ryashitovna (associate professor (docent) of Fundamental Informatics chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk, Russia), Candidate of Sciences (PhD) degree holder in Pedagogical sciences, bravilya@mail.ru)

Static models of hierarchical systems of management are considered in this research. The practice of creating and functioning of various organizational systems (including economic systems) shows that the process of their management should be based on the hierarchical principle. The goals of analysis and synthesis of hierarchical systems go beyond general optimal control theory, as with subsystems interacting, the very notion of optimality gets ambiguous. As a rule, the management within the scope of an economic system implies the presence of a hierarchical structure, the individual elements of which have their own goals, that could be different from the goal of the system’s development in whole. Tree-structure and diamond-structure systems of management are studied in this research. Conflict-controlled systems with hierarchical structure are added up to hierarchical games. In rather general conditions the analysis of a two-level model of hierarchical system of management comes to finding of the solution for a game. Tree-structure system of man- agement is formalized as a non-cooperative game (n+1) of a player (administrative center and operating departments В1, …, Вn). Diamond-structure system of management is formalized as a non-cooperative game with four players in its normal form. Nash equilibrium is used as a principle of optimality in a noncooperative game. Constructive methods of finding optimal solutions for these kinds of systems are provided. Multiplicity of Nash equilibria encountered is determined by dominating role of the core А0 in the game. It goes without saying that the existence of a dominant player is possible in other tasks of conflict management. In our research, however, we confine ourselves to studying tree – structure and diamond-structure system of management only.

30-36

Authors: Kharitonova Irina Vladimirovna ( associate professor (docent) of Algebra and Geometry chair of Ogarev Mordovia State University (68, Bolshevistskaya Str., Saransk, Russia), Candidate of Sciences (PhD) degree holder in Pedagogical sciences, ira6318@yandex.ru)

The article considers the conditions of organization of independent work of students in the implementation of a differentiated approach to teaching mathematics. Particular attention is paid to the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of teaching to mathematics. The article highlights the most common signs of independence of students. It is emphasized that the problem of differentiation of instruction in terms of collective action is quite complicated and, in turn, requires the implementation of the learning process of new methods that allow to improve the mathematical training. There is a close relationship concepts of differentiation and individualization of instruction a the conditions that must be fulfilled for the successful and effective implementation of a differentiated instruction. At the organization level differentiation a teacher should not forget about the great variety of forms and methods of achieving it. For example, one of the ways of implementing the training level differentiation may be the formation of mobile teams of students. That being said, a teacher can simulate the process of organization of independent work from two sides – from the work of a teacher and by activities of students.

39-47

Authors: S. I. Malozemov.

The article considers the problem of food security in the context of the globalization and current state of providing food security taking into account the prospects specified in the Food Security Doctrine.

48-52

Authors: R. S. Tarasov, M. I. Rutkovskaya, N. V. Raslova.

The metallurgical industry of a country is one of the leading branches that provide ma¬chine building, roads and railways building as well as the military power of the country. The policy of the government should be oriented at support and development of Russian industry. That was especially topical in the 19th century. To solve the problems of develop¬ing metallurgical industry the requests on its state all over the country were made. Politi¬cal events regulated the process of taking the effective measures for the development of industry. The economic policy was oriented towards acquisition of income in the treasury and therefore was limited to supporting protective duties.

59-70

Authors: Skryabin Vladimir Aleksandrovich ( professor of Machine Engineering Technology chair of Penza State University (40, Krasnaya Str., Penza, Russia), Doctor of Sciences degree holder in Engineering sciences, vs_51@list.ru) Reyes Almeyda Maksim Antoniovich ( post-graduate student of Machine Engineering Technology chair of Penza State University (40, Krasnaya Str., Penza, Russia), max-reyes@yandex.ru)

The authors report the results of finish treatment researches of surfaces of pistons made of aluminium alloys. It is shown that centerless polishing and polishing before coverage of surface with nickel-phosphorus alloy provides good durability of coupling of alloy with aluminium basis, and a chemical nickelage and polishing provide the increase of wearproofness and inoxidizability of coverage with the elastic circles of alloy. Results of the work reflected in the article are inculcated as technology of the chemical besieging and finish abrasive treatment of protective-decorative coverage of alloy nickel-rhenium-phosphorus in. “Compressor” Association LLC (city of Penza), application of which allowed to promote wearproofness and inoxidizability of working surfaces of details. An economic effect from introduction of development is attained by the increase of resource of work in 1,3–1,5 times.

82-95

Authors: Skryabin Vladimir Aleksandrovich ( professor of Machine Engineering Technology chair of Penza State University (40, Krasnaya Str., Penza, Russia), Doctor of Sciences degree holder in Engineering sciences, vs_51@list.ru)

The subject of the article are regularities of the process of co-operation of details made of powder-like materials with a discrete abrasive layer. It is shown that many known methods of finish do not allow to a full degree to provide high quality of surfaces, of details of powder-like materials. There are numerous pores on the surfaces of such details, foods of wear debris of processing environment and also directly abra- sive grains can be charged in. The basic parameters of finish treatment of smooth and geometrically-complex surfaces are estimated: size of arc of contact, position of arc of contact in relation to the surface of detail, distribution of pressure on the arc of contact, size of force operating on single abrasive grain treatments, such as brands and gritness of abrasive filler, and » also composition of working liquids. On the basis of the analytical dependences and charts, acquired as a result of theoretical and experimental researches of process of detail with an abrasive layer, recommendations are given on the practical use of abrasive details made of powder-like materials, both on the stage of planning of equipment in the plan of achievement set the productivity and treatment and on the stage of the industrial use of present options.

101-104

Authors: Yufkin Yurij Gavrilovich ( associate professor (docent) of Machine Tools and Systems chair of Ruzaevka Machine Engineering Institute, branch of Ogarev Mordovia State University (93, Lenin Str., Ruzaevka, Russia), Candidate of Sciences (PhD) degree holder in Engineering sciences, yuriyfkinn@mail.ru) Vesnushkina Nina Nikolayevna ( associate professor (docent) of Machine Engineering Technology chair of Ruzaevka Machine Engineering Institute, branch of Ogarev Mordovia State University (93, Lenin Str., Ruzaevka, Russia), nina.vesnushkina@mail.ru )

The article discusses the operation of fine boring with self-positioning tools as tools with a constructively implemented adaptation system. The authors establish the main sources of error of the technological system; sources of error shape of the holes in the workpiece; error of the workpiece in the machine. The mathematical model describing the process of boring selfaligning tools is created basing on a mathematical model of processing in the form of a closed technological system. Floating cutter blocks are regarded as completely rigid body relative to the tool body having one degree of freedom. General parameters characterizing the structure of a boring tool with floating cutter blocks are their number; the pressing force of each of the insical unit in the tool body; friction coefficients of cutting blocks in the tool body; the number of cutting elements disposed on each side of the incisal block. Components of the cutting forces are presented in the form of fixed and variable parts. The variable part of the components of the cutting force is presented in the form of a Fourier series. The formalization of the profile of the hole takes into account its error in the radial section (ovality, cut). Current coordinate describing the profile at a given point of the hole is a central angle. The resulting dynamic model of the boring tool with floating cutting blocks, which takes into account the variability of the components of the cutting force acting on each cutting element, can adequately describe his work in real time.

110-127

Authors: Besolov Vladimir Butusovich (director of North Caucasian Academic Centre of the International Academy of Architecture (94, Alagirskaya Str., Alagir, Russia), archgrad101@yandex.ru) Besolov Aristarkh Vladimirovich ( post-graduate student of Caucasus Studies, the history of the ancient world and the Middle Ages of North Ossetia State University named after K. L. Hetagurov (46, Vatutin Str., Vladikavkaz, Russia), archgrad101@yandex.ru)

Over the course of history the architectural morphotype of the ancient centric dwelling has been continuously transformed and developed, for the Indo-European masters paid special attention to the improvement of the Domeconcept, i.e. planned composition, spatial and tectonic structure and shape. Initial place of emergence and development of the creative ideas for the dome on a square occurred in architecture of the ancient centric dwelling and subsequently held its brilliant transformation into central dome structures of memorial and religious architecture in Early Medieval Christian Eastern countries and historical Byzantium. Undoubtly, for many centuries there was a crystallization of the artistic and creative concept of the domeon on a square, arisen in ancient times. Evidences of this are the architectural creations of the centric composition, the structures and forms, built of local building materials, constituents inseparable unity, organic whole with the Caucasus-Pamir mountain mega region landscape. There is no doubt that the architectural morphotype of the ancient centric dwelling with-pyramidal-ledged ceiling andlight-fluehole over an open hearth was the original basis and creative impulse in the process of forming the composition and structure of the internal space and external forms architectonic in memorial and religious structures in the early Middle Ages with Central dome, i.e. in Christian regions and the Muslim East, including the architecture of the Early and High Middle Ages in countries as Aghvan, Armenia, Georgia, Abkhazia and Alanya – all in the Caucasus, as well as Azerbaijan, Middle and Central Asia.