Research yearbook. The Institute of Philosophy and Law. The Urals Division of the RAS

5-19

Authors: Bryanik Nadezda V.

The article discusses the transformation of social characteristics of non-classical science in comparison with the social status of classical science. The author shows that the practical usage of scientific knowledge requires the implementation of technological form; and this applies to all major sub-systems of science. Technical sciences that invent ways of application of the laws of nature to different spheres of human activity rapidly develops exactly in non-classical period. Today, the practical usage of science is expanded to a planetary scale. Distinguishing feature of the worldview function of non-classical science is related to the displacement of speculative natural-philosophical constructions and ideas, when the representation of the fundamental properties of the world itself becomes a scientific picture of this world; and the scientific worldview begins to be introduced in the school system. Today one could observe politicization of science. Science takes on features of a social institution, which essentially requires autonomy. However, in reality modern science becomes a tool of manipulation in both foreign and domestic policy. The through science to affect the fate of all humankind opportunity makes scientists to face ethical problems arising from situations of choosing between good and evil. Various mechanisms for international cooperation quickly arose in the first half of the 20-th century. The social status of the human agent of science changes significantly.

38-50

Authors: Koryakovtsev Andrey A.

The first half of the twentieth century was the time of wide-ranged anticapitalist (socialist or communist) movements. Industrial working class was their main driving force, and Marxism was one of influential ideological source. These movements had different empirical implementation, which were determined by specific social conditions of the particular country. Sometimes, these movements appeared in the form of acute political conflict (political revolution); in other times – in the form of economic and politic reforms. The totality of those movements could be defined as the worldwide social revolution, which resulted in change of fundamental social institutions and phenomenon: property, states, social psychology, and social relations. However, with regard to market and private property, the change was unfinished; in other words, anti-capitalist revolution unfinished by its nature. The unfinished nature directly or indirectly revealed itself in the Soviet society, and in Keynesian economics of the Western countries. The author considers the causes of this incompleteness. According to the author's opinion, they are rooted in the social nature of industrial working class. In its turn, the preconditions of its limited social opportunities are the industrial division of labor, and the alienated character of labor activity.

67-77

Authors: Startsev Yaroslav Yu.

The article is an attempt to define the list of reasons for the formation of the language(s) of political science, which meets the standard requirements for artificial languages,taking into account the specificity of political science disciplines. It is proposed to solve the problem of isolated paradigmal dialects, which are associated with individual objects of research and do not interact with each other, with the help of inter-paradigmal interpretation, search for functional equivalents, metaphorization and integration of subject areas of terminology and language structures, inherent by other areas. Criticism of the modern language of political science is accompanied by an analysis of the concept of power as a source for the formation of political universal grammatical categories. Description of power relations is made through the concept of object, subject and procedures, which are characterized by different, usually alternative scenarios of behavior, which form more or less harmonious combinations. Scenarios themselves are analyzed through the concept of the behavioral algorithm and logic of political behavior. The system of categories proposed in the article can be used as a tool for description and interpretation of any power configuration, retaining the ability to broadcast the studied issues into different paradigms.

99-110

Authors: Kazantsev Mikhail F.

The article describes two important aspects of regional legislation (legislation of subjects of the Russian Federation): tendencies of development and level of performing. The periodization of regional legislation development is offered: formative period (December 25, 1993 – August 1, 2000); period of stabilization (August 1, 2000–2008); period of optimization of regional legislation (2009 – to the present day). Characteristics of these periods are given; tendencies of establishing of regional legislation including negative ones and their reasons are defined. Indicators of rejecting the federative foundations in law making, as well as in federalism in general, are determined. The author concludes that regional legislation has to be developed on the way of optimizing the correlation between regional and federal legislation, and between the system of municipal legal acts, as well as on the way of improving the system of regional legislation and its hierarchic and objective structure. The systemization of regional legislation has to be the main direction of the development of regional legislation. The system of indicators (criteria) of the quality of regional legislation (and legislation in general) is produced. The author formulates the definition of regulatory legal act as the combination of its attributes (characteristics). The factors, which influence the level of the performing of regional legislation, are identified and estimated.