Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine

5-8

Authors: José Afonso

A number of research papers have been devoted to understanding the mechanisms underpinning successful decision-making in sports, and analysis of eye movements has deserved special attention in this concern. A thorough reading of existing literature denotes that research on ocular fixations requires at least 100 milliseconds within the same location. For average eye-tracking systems, this means using at least three frames for each fixation. However, ecological psychology has claimed that as low as 16.67 milliseconds might suffice to capture relevant information, implying using merely one frame to consider that a fixation has been made. The goal of this experiment was to directly compare two systems (one frame-one fixation versus three frames-one fixation) for coding information concerning eye movements in a representative volleyball task in an in situ condition. Specifically, it was intended to analyse emerging differences and their meaning. Results exhibited statistically significant differences with regard to search rate (number of fixations, number of fixation locations, and mean fixation duration). Analysing fixation locations it was apparent that the ecological paradigm for considering visual fixations afforded supplementary information. Furthermore, the additional emerging cues appeared to be meaningful, and the level of noise introduced was very low. It is suggested that future research in eye movements considers using the one frame-one fixation approach, instead of the traditional three frames-one fixation set.

15-20

Authors: Lucie Francova, Hana Valkova, Roman Sinkovsky

Leisure time activities are important for individuals with an intellectual disability (ID) Table tennis (TT) seems to be the most suitable and accessible activity in relation to motor skills and low financial requirements. The aim of the project was to investigate the opportunities for the TT training and competition among individuals with ID in the following European countries: Austria, the Czech Republic, England, and Hungary. Those countries regularly participate in international TT events organized by Inas. The coaches of the mentioned countries were questioned about the TT training process of persons with ID during their leisure time. The survey was completed by 4 coaches (3 male and 1female), who work at various levels (from the lowest level in sports clubs to the top level in national teams) in each country. The research findings showed that all of the surveyed couches practiced trainings frequency two times per week. In addition to national games, all the countries organize competitions at regional levels and par¬ti¬ci¬pa¬te in international events. The data reveal that training camps lasting from 5 to 14 days per year are organized in all the sur¬veyed countries. The survey found certain training options, which correspond more to the standard of the recreational sport than to the standard of the top-level sport. A positive finding was the possibility of training with the intact population, which may be con¬si¬de¬red as an important phenomenon of social inclusion.

27-29

Authors: Jovica Petkovic, Dragan Krivokapić, Aldijana Muratović

The article discusses the highlights of the 10th International Scientific Conference on Transformation Processes in Sport "Sports Performance", which was held in Podgorica, Montenegro. The event comprised three sessions, namely Actual Topics “A” and Actual Topics “B”, as well as General Topics. Professor Predrag Miranović, Rector of University of Montenegro, gave one of the opening speeches.

5-10

Authors: Dusko Bjelica, Stevo Popovic, Jovica Petkovic

This research was aimed at gaining relevant knowledge about important differences with respect to compare accuracy of instep kicking between preferred and non-preferred leg depending on the different intensity (optimal and maximal) in a resting state, and in a state of fatigue. The sample included 20 respondents whose characteristics were age (yrs) 16.7±0.47, height (cm) 178.91±4.26, and body weight (kg) 71.52±5.13. The sample of variables contained eight measures that defined accuracy of instep kicking by preferred and non-preferred leg in various occasions: with optimal and maximal intensities and in a resting state and a state of fatigue respectively. The results of the measuring were analyzed by means of a statistical procedure labeled a significance test of two arithmetic means conducted on independent samples or popularly known a t-test. In comparison of accuracy between preferred and non-preferred leg in a resting state with optimal and maximal intensity, as it was expected there were significant differences as well as in a state of fatigue with optimal intensity, all in favor of preferred leg. While the football instep kicking significant differences between preferred and non-preferred leg in a state of fatigue with maximal intensity were not noticable. The current findings clearly demonstrated that the young football players have much more uniformed legs at the expense of accuracy when fatigued and kick the ball with the maximal intensity. It means a state of fatigue can affect the tested accuracy of instep kicking with the maximal intensity.

17-22

Authors: Praveen Kumar, Jaspal Singh Sandhu, Shweta Shenoy

Research suggests that pain affects behaviour of the athletes, assessment of behaviour when in pain reveals that pain has influenced athletes’ measurable response when they get injured in their course of play. The objectives of the study were to find and analyse correlation of pain behaviour measures in contact and non-contact sports. The study has been conducted using Vienna Testing System (VTS) Questionnaire for Evaluating Pain Behaviour- FSV on four hundred and eighty one (n=481) subjects that included both male and female athletes who had a history of injury in the past but not suffering from any acute injuries. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between variables in both covariate and partial correlation analysis. We conclude that higher avoidance score predicts a lower activity score regardless of cognitive control and social support in FSV scale.

29-32

Authors: Miroslav Kezunovic

According to many statistics over 55% of all sports-related injuries are incurred in the knee joint (active sportsmen and recreationists). The statistics definitely differ, depending on type of sport and specific movements habitually performed in a particular sport. Therefore, in addition to acute knee injuries overuse syndromes are common in the knee area also due to specificities of patellofemoral joint just because specific diseases like „jumper's knee“ and „runner's knee“ are related to certain sport activities. Generally speaking, these syndromes occur due to poor orientation of the knee extensor mechanism, i.e. friction of iliotibial band and patellofemoral chondromalacia. It is believed that about 45% of all overuse syndromes in the knee area occur as a result of running.