Journal of Medical Science and Technology

55 - 57

Authors: Manidip Pal, Satyasis Roy

Post void residual (PVR) urine volume is good indicator of voiding function. To find out the normal value of PVR in post menopausal women this study was undertaken. It was an OPD based prospective study. Post menopausal women without any pelvic organ prolapse, urological complain (e.g. stress incontinence, overactive bladder, voiding dysfunction etc.), renal diseases, neurologic disease (e.g. multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or other neuropathies) were evaluated. Post void residual urine volume was measured by ultrasonography within 1 minute of voiding. Total 65 postmenopausal women had undergone PVR estimation. Women of less than 5 years menopause had median PVR 11 ml & mean PVR 16.8 ml. Women of 5 years or more menopause had median PVR 12 ml & mean PVR 21.1 ml. Knowledge of normal PVR in postmenopausal women will help in better managing voiding dysfunction in older women.

66 - 70

Authors: R.Sobana, K.Jaiganesh, P.Barathi

Pre-hypertension is the preliminary stage of hypertension with high normal blood pressure, which is a major risk factor for cardio vascular, renal and neurological complications. Music therapy is considered as an important complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to treat pre-hypertension. The aim of this study was to find out the efficacy of music on blood pressure in pre-hypertensive adults. Sixty male pre-hypertensive subjects, who are not on any antihypertensive therapy, were divided randomly into 2 groups (the experimental and the control groups). The experimental group received 40 days of music therapy, while the control group did not receive music therapy. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the subjects were recorded before and after 40 days in both the groups and statistically analyzed. There was a significant reduction in the blood pressure in the experimental group when compared to the control group. We conclude that music plays an effective role as complementary therapy for treating the patients with pre-hypertension.

76 - 80

Authors: Srinivasarao. Yalakurthi, Thirupathirao. Vishnumukkala, Chandana Chaitnaya Siri, Bharath.CH.N.V , S. Swayam Jothi Dorai Raj, Bapuji.puttagunta, M Kannan

The cisterna chyli is the abdominal origin of the thoracic duct, and it receives the bilateral lumbar lymphatic trunks. Anatomically and surgically the cisterna chyli is an important structure but very fewer studies reported in literature,so that we undertake this study. In this study we observed the presence, position with respect to the vertebral bodies and the main lymphatic tributaries forming the cisterna chyli in 45 cadavers from 3 different medical colleges in costal Andhra, of these 15 were female and 13 were male cadavers. We found Cisterna chyli was present in 6(40%) out of 15 female bodies, and 14 (46.6%) out of 30 male bodies. To sum up cisterna chyli was present in 20 (44.4%) out 45 cadavers dissected (44.4%). The position of the cisterna chyli was at L1-T12vertebrae in 10 adult cadavers. The position of the cisterna chyli was at T12-T11 vertebrae in 6 adult cadavers. The position of the cisterna chyli was at L2-L1 vertebrae in 4 adult cadavers, the main lymphatic tributaries forming the cisterna chyli based on M.Loukas Types In 9 cadavers (20%) the thoracic duct arose from the confluence of the lumbar and intestinal trunk (Type I) . In 27 cadavers (60%) it was formed by the confluence of two ascending lumbar lymph trunks and intestinal trunk joined the thoracic duct (Type II). In 9 cadavers (20%) the thoracic duct ascended from a plexus formed by the lumbar and intestinal trunks (Type III). The reports documented in this study were different compare to the literature. The variations in the presence, positions and the main lymphatic tributaries forming the cisterna chyli are important for anatomists, surgeons and radiologists during their diagnosis and surgeries related to the cisterna chyli.

84 - 89

Authors: V Srihari, N Mallikarjuna Rao, B Vinusha, Muneera Bhanu, S V Prasad, M Prasad Naidu

In the present study Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) have been described as powerful molecular typing methods for microorganisms. Isolated bacterial species (Escherichia sp) were Biochemically characterized by Indole, Methyl red , Citrate and catalase tests. Genomic DNA was isolated and purified by enzymatic digestion methods for polymorphic studies by RAPD-PCR and plasmid DNA was isolated by using alkaline Lysis method for RFLP analysis. Both Genomic and Plasmid DNA were separated by using 1% Agarose gels and Quantified by using UV Visible Spectrophotometry at OD260 nm/OD280nm.

99 - 108

Authors: Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney is an extremely rare neoplasm. Less than 100 cases of primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney have so far been reported in the literature. In view of this most practitioners globally would not be accustomed to the biological behaviour of this neoplasm. There is therefore the need to review the literature on primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney. To review the literature on primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney, various internet search engines were used to form a foundation for the literature review including: Google; Google scholar; educus; Up To Date; Pub Med. The median age at diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the kidney was 62 years and there was a female preponderance. Abdominal pain and haematuria are common symptoms of small cell carcinoma of the kidney.At the time of initial diagnosis slightly less than a third of the patients have distant metastasis. Surgery in the form of nephrectomy and systemic chemotherapy, have been the main forms of treatment modalities which include: nephrectomy alone; nephrectomy and chemotherapy; chemotherapy alone. The median survival in one series was about 8 months and this has ranged on the whole from between 1 month to 101 months. In another series the overall median survival was 9.9 months (range 6.9 to 31.6 months). Data on demographics, clinical symptoms, tumour staging and tumour characteristics recorded at the time of diagnosis was not found to be related to survival. The use of cisplatin-based chemotherapy was in some cases observed to be predictive of better overall survival. Small cell carcinoma of the kidney is an extremely rare neoplasm which mimics small cell carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree and other extra-pulmonary sites, its aggressive biological behaviour and its high ability to result in the development of loco-regional and distant dissemination. The development of symptoms or clinical presentation tends to be usually late in the course of the disease. Utilization of platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimen has been found to be associated with tumour regression and prolonged survival. Small cell carcinomas of the genitourinary tract have been more commonly reported in the urinary bladder in comparison with primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney which is very rare.In view of the rarity of primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney its natural history, diagnosis and management is not well known. Despite the use of cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic regimen in the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the kidney there is not enough documentation of any treatment modality that would prolong life for a very long time. There is therefore the need for Urologists and oncologists throughout the world to come together in order to undertake a multicentre trial of chemotherapeutic modalities in the management of small cell carcinoma of the kidney in order to find ways of further improving the prognosis of such a rare carcinoma.

112 - 117

Authors: S Muneer Banu, M Prasad Naidu, N Mallikarjuna Rao,P Anusha, Madhu Sudan Reddy, S V Prasad

A simple, specific and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of assay of ascorbic acid tablet dosage forms. A reversed- phase C-18 column (4.6x250mm, 5µl, make :waters) column with mobile phase consisting of methanol and phosphate buffer 40:60 (v/v) was used. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/ min and effluents were monitored at 2249nm. The retention time of ascorbic acid is 2.5. The method was validated in terms of linearity, range, specificity,accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). By using this method, the retention time of the ascorbic acid in method development is reduced.

121 - 123

Authors: Dr Medabalmi Anitha

Leydig cell tumors belong to the small group of ovarian steroid tumors, which are hormone producing and derived from specific stromal cells. Morphologically, their endocrine like structure is characteristic, formed of large, polyhedral cells resembling luteal, adrenocortical and leydig cells. They contain crystalloids of Reinke in their cytoplasm which have diagnostic significance. The patients with these tumors present present with androgenic manifestations. We report a case of Leydig cell tumor in 35 years female who presented with infertility and hirsutism.