NPunto

21

Authors: Gómez Brusi, C

Patients who undergo surgical interventions present a degree of anxiety in the preoperative period, generally in adult patients. When patients enter surgery they are in an exorbitant emotional state so the body prepares itself to face the situation. Nursing in the field of surgical anesthesiology is of vital importance, since the surgery block is a multidisciplinary team whose objectives are common, which is to safeguard the health of the patient. This team is made up of the nursing staff, auxiliary nursing care technicians, orderlies, clerks, and cleaners. However, what concerns this question is the importance of the professional. This professional is not only involved in the technical knowledge of the profession, such as the preparation of the operating room, intervention of the operation or helping the surgeon, but is also concerned with the emotional well-being of the patient. In fact, the nursing professional is in charge of minimizing the anxiety and stress of the patient in the preoperative and postoperative periods. In short, nursing plays an important role in the work of anxiety prevention in surgical patients, directing their care and activities to improve their quality of hospital stay. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this bibliographic review study is to examine the literature on nursing professional interventions for the management of anxiety in surgical patients who are anesthetized, management of techniques and detection and immediate action. METHODOLOGY: To carry out this bibliographic review, a search was carried out in different databases Pumbed, Scielo, SciencieDirect, Google Scholar. RESULTS: there was a search of 200 articles of which 102 were discarded by title, date and year, 50 of mere interest were observed and 21 were selected of which the rest were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: this review shows the importance of the nursing staff in surgical anesthesiology for the reduction of anxiety in the pre-surgical patient.

24

Authors: Matas Caballero, S., Martín Martín-Peralta, G., Azahares Moiset, E

Pediatric airway management can be challenging for the anesthesiologist as the airway in this population group differs slightly from that of the adult in both anatomy and physiology. The work is a narrative literature review that aims to delve into the most recent literature, mostly articles since 2018, to get an updated bibliography on pediatric airway management and endotracheal intubation, as well as all the peculiarities of this technique in that population group. Currently, the anesthesiologist has several devices for airway management, each of them with a series of characteristics that will make them useful for different situations. Among these devices are nasopharyngeal cannulae and oropharyngeal cannulae such as the Guedel, both of which are useful for preventing airway obstruction and aspirating secretions. For airway management in situations of shorter duration, laryngeal masks can be chosen because they are less aggressive and have a lower risk of complications for the child. Currently, different types are available on the market, useful for the different situations and characteristics of the childs airway. While, for the management of the airway in a more definitive, safe way or for a long period of time, the technique of choice is endotracheal intubation, which consists of the introduction of a tube, generally made of hard plastic, through the trachea. Prior to endotracheal intubation, a correct anesthetic induction must be carried out, selecting both the ideal drugs for the patients age and procedure and the necessary doses. Anesthetic induction is carried out with hypnotics such as propofol, etomidate, ketamine and midazolam; muscle relaxants such as rocuronium and succinylcholine; and analgesics such as fentanyl.