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REVISIÓN SOBRE METABOLISMO MINERAL-ÓSEO EN ENFERMEDAD RENAL CRÓNICA
Authors: Hernández García, E
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health problem. Disorders in mineralization and bone metabolism are associated with this disease. Both cause morbidity and deterioration in the quality of life of patients affected by kidney disease. These alterations generate characteristic clinical and radiological patterns, as well as different alterations in the bone.
Bone is the main source of phosphorus and calcium in the body which, together with the kidneys, are mainly responsible for the regulation of mineral and bone metabolism. As a result of the strong interrelationship between the two, in the face of the development of chronic renal failure there are many manifestations in the bone system.
Historically, the mineralization and bone metabolism disorders associated with CKD and its different manifestations were categorized in the same concept called Renal Osteodystrophy (ODR), which includes alteration of bone structure and composition. However, it is important to differentiate that there can be ionic alterations of calcium and phosphorus without a direct expression in the bone, as well as there can be calcifications of extra-skeletal structures without alteration proper to the skeleton.
This article reviews and updates concepts related to disorders of bone mineralization and metabolism, associated with the presence of CKD, showing its different manifestations in the bone and human organism, as well as the current state of that issue.