NPunto

2

Authors: Olivares Polo, L

Lutetium 177 (Lu177) therapy is a targeted radionuclide therapy (PRRT) that is only recently being used (approved in Europe in 2017). PRRTs are based on the administration of a radiopharmaceutical, which has the ability to penetrate tumor cells, and from within them, emit radiation to treat them. Lutetium-177 therapy is used for the treatment of gastroenteropathic neuroendocrine tumors that overexpress somatostatin receptors on the cell surface and that are not operable.

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Authors: Cruz Morales, R

Mechanical ventilation is a technique of replacement of the functions performed by the lungs. There is a direct relationship between the number of days using mechanical ventilation and the appearance of complications, these being more frequent on the sixth day. Among them we find pneumonia, which is an infection of the lung parenchyma. Patients with mechanical ventilation are more likely to develop it because there is an accumulation of secretions in the oropharyngeal cavity and a decrease in mucociliary motility. Volutrauma is lung overdistention caused by the use of high volumes that exceed the limit of the lung structure. Another complication is atelectrauma, a deformation caused by shearing of the alveolar units during the opening and closing of each alveolar cycle, and finally barotrauma, which is the presence of extraalveolar air as a product of high transpulmonary pressures. The use of protective mechanical ventilation consisting of using low volumes, low PEEP and recruitment would reduce the appearance of complications associated with mechanical ventilation.

23

Authors: Moreno Obrador, A

Introduction: Oxygen therapy consists of the administration of oxygen (O2) for therapeutic purposes through low flow and high flow systems. The inhalation route is also a widely used drug route of late. To avoid complications and achieve a positive evolution of the pathology to be treated, these techniques should be performed appropriately, as well as implementing a correct health education for the patient and knowing how to choose the management device most suited to the individual needs of each patient. Continuing training in nursing is a professional responsibility. Objective: To understand what oxygen therapy and inhalotherapy are, as well as the correct use of the devices that integrate these therapies. Methodology: Bibliographic review. Different databases were consulted: Medline, Dialnet, Google Scholar and PubMed. Articles were chosen in Spanish, Portuguese and/or English that meet quality criteria. Reading and critical analysis of the information collected. Development: Oxygen is considered a drug. The clinic, arterial blood gas and pulse oximetry allow to know when to remove it to avoid possible adverse effects. Low flow devices do not provide all the inspired gas, and amount of the inspired volume is taken from the environment. High flow devices provide the patient’s total inspiratory requirement. Home oxygen therapy prolongs the life of the hypoxemic patient, improves exercise tolerance and prevents clinical deterioration caused by respiratory failure. The most recommended devices for administering medication by inhalation are inhalers, however, many require nebulizations. Conclusions: Oxygen is considered a drug, so it is important to comply with its indications and know its adverse effects. Oxygen supply should be initiated as the first treatment strategy in patients with hypoxemia. The characteristics of each patient should be taken into account to choose the most suitable device to administer oxygen, inhalations or nebulizations. Considering also the possible benefits of its use in the home, corroborated in COPD. When we administer medication through the inhalation route we get the objective effect with a lower dose of drug, decreasing the risk of adverse effects.

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Authors: Fernández García, G

Botulinum neurotoxin, studied for 2 centuries, has unique properties that have made it a very useful therapeutic agent for a wide variety of chronic diseases, in addition to its widely known use as a cosmetic agent. This work delves from its biochemical and pharmacological aspects to its application in current diseases and its future developments.