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INTERACCIÓN ENTRE LOS NUTRIENTES DE LA DIETA Y EL GENOMA, Y SU EFECTO SOBRE EL RIESGO DE DIABETES TIPO 2
Authors: Morilla Martín, A
Number of views: 171
Introduction and justification: Diabetes includes pathologies due to metabolic disorders that have in common hyperglycemia. The International Diabetes Federation, in 2019, indicates that 463 million adults had diabetes, and the deaths were 4.2 million. The Human Genome Project identified polymorphisms that can determine the genotype and phenotype, and therefore the probability of suffering from a certain disease.
Objectives: To examine the effect of possible interactions between diet and genetics on glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).
Methodology: A review of the last 10 years at Pubmed is carried out using an electronic search strategy, after which articles are screened according to previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search formula used in the Pubmed database is: "(gene OR SNP OR polymorphism) AND interaction AND (nutrient OR diet OR fat OR carbohydrate OR protein) AND (type 2 diabetes OR insulin resistance OR glucose OR insulin OR HOMA-IR OR HOMA beta OR HbA1C)".
Results: After the identification, screening and suitability phases, 25 articles were included in the literature review. Lipids interact with genes related to the metabolism of fatty acids producing effects on DM2, whereas the interaction observed with carbohydrates (HC), are related to the synthesis and regulation of insulin. In the study of gene-nutrient interactions with effect on insulin response (IR), genes have very different functions and the results obtained are very diverse.
Conclusion: Different dietary nutrients such as lipids, HC, proteins, fiber and zinc, modify the relationship with TCF7L2, PPAR-γ, ACE, APOA2, SLC30A8, IRS1, ACC2, PPM1K, ELOVL6, PIK3CA-KCNMB3, IRS1, PLIN, S100A9, DHCR7, LPL ADIPOQ and FTO genes with the risk of DM2, insulin resistance or glucose homeostasis markers.